EX-1- Basic Laboratory Techniques PDF

General Chemistry Lab Faculty of Arts & Sciences ‫قسم العلوم المساندة‬ A0111302 EX-1- Basic Laboratory Techniques Aya Khalaf Allied Sciences / Faculty of Arts and Sci...

General Chemistry Lab Faculty of Arts & Sciences ‫قسم العلوم المساندة‬ A0111302 EX-1- Basic Laboratory Techniques Aya Khalaf Allied Sciences / Faculty of Arts and Sciences  1 Basic Safety Rules Basic safety rules for laboratory conduct should be observed whenever working in a laboratory. Many of the most common safety rules are listed below. o Know locations of laboratory safety showers, eyewash stations, and fire extinguishers. o Know emergency exit routes. o Avoid skin and eye contact with all chemicals. o Minimize all chemical exposures. o No horseplay will be tolerated. o Assume that all chemicals of unknown toxicity are highly toxic. o Post warning signs when unusual hazards, hazardous materials, hazardous equipment, or other special conditions are present. o Avoid distracting or startling persons working in the laboratory. o Use equipment only for its designated purpose. o Combine reagents in their appropriate order, such as adding acid to water. o Avoid adding solids to hot liquids. o All laboratory personnel should place emphasis on safety and chemical hygiene at all times. o Never leave containers of chemicals open. o All containers must have appropriate labels. Unlabeled chemicals should never be used. o Do not taste or intentionally sniff chemicals. o Never consume and/or store food or beverages or apply cosmetics in areas where hazardous chemicals are used or stored. o Do not use mouth suction for pipetting or starting a siphon. o Wash exposed areas of the skin prior to leaving the laboratory. o Long hair and loose clothing must be pulled back and secured from entanglement or potential capture. o No contact lenses should be worn around hazardous chemicals – even when wearing safety glasses. o Laboratory safety glasses or goggles should be worn in any area where chemicals are used or stored.  2 o Determine the potential hazards and appropriate safety precautions before beginning any work. o If an unknown chemical is produced in the laboratory, the material should be considered hazardous. o Do not pour chemicals down drains. Do NOT utilize the sewer for chemical waste disposal. o Keep all sink traps (including cup sink traps and floor drains) filled with water by running water down the drain at least monthly. o Perform work with hazardous chemicals in a properly working fume hoodto reduce potential exposures. o Avoid working alone in a building. Do not work alone in a laboratory if the procedures being conducted are hazardous. o Laboratory employees should have access to a chemical inventory list, applicable SDSs, Department Laboratory Safety Manual, and relevant SOPs. o Access to laboratories and support areas such as stockrooms, specialized laboratories, etc. should be limited to approved personnel only. o All equipment should be regularly inspected for wear or deterioration. o Equipment should be maintained according to the manufacturer’s requirements and records of certification, maintenance, or repairs should be maintained for the life of the equipment. o Designated and well-marked waste storage locations are necessary. o No cell phone or ear phone usage in the active portion of the laboratories, or during experimental operations. o Clothing made of synthetic fibers should not be worn while working with flammable liquids or when a fire hazard is present as these materials tend to melt and stick to exposed skin. o Laboratory coats should not be stored in offices or break rooms as this spreads contaminates to other areas. o Computers and instrumentation should be labeled to indicate whether gloves should be worn or not. Inconsistent glove use around keyboards/keypads is a source of potential contamination. o Avoid wearing jewelry in the lab as this can pose multiple safety hazards.  3 Safety Labels  4 Safety Labels Type of Precautions Hazard Explosive Avoid impact, knocks, spark, fire and heat. Avoid all contact with flammable substances. Oxidizing The substance promotes fires once started and impedes fire fighting. All contact with the human body must be avoided, as severe or even lethal damage to health cannot be excluded. Toxic Particular attention is drawn to the carcinogenic, teratogenic, or mutagenic risks associated with certain substances. Avoid contact with the human body including the inhalation of vapors. Injury to health is possible with improper use. With some substances, carcinogenic, Harmful teratogenic, or mutagenic action cannot be fully excluded, as well as possible sensitization. Flammable Highly Keep away from naked flames, sparks and sources of heat. flammable Take special measures to protect the eyes, skin and clothes. Corrosive Do not inhale vapors. Irritant Avoid contact with eyes and skin, do not inhale vapors.  5 Safety Equipment Safety Shower Eye washer First aid Fume hood Fire blanket Fire Extinguisher  6 Safety Equipment Fire extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations. Fume hood is a type of local ventilation device that is designed to limit exposure to hazardous or toxic fumes, vapors or dusts. Eye washer is a fluid of water, used to physically wash the eyes in the case that they may be contaminated by foreign materials or substances. Fire blanket is a safety equipment designed to extinguish incipient (starting) fires. It consists of a sheet of a fire retardant material that is placed over a fire in order to smother it. First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person suffering from either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery. 7  8 Chemical Observations A. Weighing B. Measuring Liquids C. Temperature Analytical Balance Graduated Burette Volumetric Pipette Thermometer Cylinder flask Erlenmeyer Beaker flask 9  10 C. Bunsen Burner Blue flame Yellow flame High Temperature Low Temperature Sufficient Oxygen Insufficient Oxygen Nonluminous flame Luminous flame  11 Report Data and calculations/ page 13 Q1 Q2 Q4 Questions/ page16 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q5 12 13 The End