EVS 711 Topic Two.pptx

POSTGRADUATE Diploma in EVS COURSE: Introduction to Legal and Regulatory Framework (EVS 711) SESSION TWO: Policy Statements on Some Aspects of the Environment C.C UCHE (PhD) Department of Environmental Management, FUTO.  Outline INTRODUCTION National Policy on E...

POSTGRADUATE Diploma in EVS COURSE: Introduction to Legal and Regulatory Framework (EVS 711) SESSION TWO: Policy Statements on Some Aspects of the Environment C.C UCHE (PhD) Department of Environmental Management, FUTO.  Outline INTRODUCTION National Policy on Environment Policy Statements on: Conservation of Natural Resources Fresh Water and Wet-land Ecosystems Coastal and Marine Ecosystem Forest Ecosystems Summary/Conclusion  There is constant relationship INTRODUCTION between man and his environment. All actions of man directly and indirectly impacts on the environment. If not properly controlled, these impacts may reverberate The against man initial focusat his of own detriment. environmental awareness and legislation in Nigeria was on the petroleum industry hence the Petroleum Act of 1969. Nigeria's pioneering EIA system, that of the petroleum industry, evolved from reactive pollution control measures in the 1960s to proactive EIAs in the 1990s.  POLICY STATEMENTS There are policy statement on various aspects of the environment. They include, but not limited to:  Conservation of Natural Resources  Fresh Water and Wet-land Ecosystems  Coastal and Marine Ecosystem  Forest Ecosystems, etc.  Policy statements on the Conservation of Natural Resources Air and atmospheric resources: Over 2.4 million The Government will: Persons Support the Federal Ministry of Environment to put in Affected By place and/or strengthen institutional arrangement for 2022 Floods In Nigeria- NEMA tackling the problems of atmospheric pollution in NIMET WARNS THE collaboration with the Federal Ministries of Aviation SEVEN NORTHERN STATES OF IMPENDING (Nigerian Meteorological Services – NIMET) and FLOODING Health, as well as other relevant Agencies. Expect earlier Strengthen existing environmental guidelines and than normal onset of standards, and develop new ones where necessary in rainfall, floods order to counter the increasing level of emissions, in 2023-- particularly in the urban and industrial areas. NIMET  Policy statements on the Conservation of Natural Resources Cont’d Develop or strengthen air standard enforcement capacity. Improve monitoring of traditional and trace pollutant emissions and concentrations. Promote efficient non-motorized and mass transport system. Promote alternative cooking stoves and new technologies that are non-polluting, affordable, available, and adaptable and the construction of well ventilated houses. According to WHO, over 2.4 billion people globally lack access to clean cooking techniques. Fresh Water and Wet-land Ecosystems Policy statements: The Government will: Implement the National Water Policy or Act. Develop and implement integrated wetland and water resources management strategies and action plans in order to achieve Nigeria’s water vision of sustainable access to clean and safe water for all. Encourage community participation in the design, establishment, operation and maintenance of freshwater management programmes and infrastructure while promoting the integration of land and water management. Provide water in adequate quantity and quality to meet domestic, industrial, agricultural, recreational and other needs. Promote use of water efficient technology, water user organizations, pricing policies and productivity gains.  Fresh Water and Wet-land Ecosystems Cont’d Restore and regularly maintain the decaying infrastructure for hydrometeorological and hydrogeological data collection, compilation, analysis and dissemination. Promote sustainable use of freshwater, wetland and underground water resources and the conservation of vulnerable river and lake ecosystems in particular and biological diversity in general. Improve the productivity of rain-fed and irrigated land in an effort to balance conflicting uses of water within river basins.  Fresh Water and Wet-land Ecosystems Cont’d Develop and implement a national wetland policy and regulations as well as wetland management plans for all Ramsar sites through a participatory process. Ensure rehabilitation and restoration of degraded wetlands, riverbanks and lakeshores and, where appropriate, promote and support establishment of constructed wetlands. Develop and enforce effective water pollution prevention and control programmes including criteria for monitoring the biological, physical, and chemical quality of water bodies.  Fresh Water and Wet-land Ecosystems Cont’d Develop and implement mitigation measures to address climate change and its impact on freshwater and wetland ecosystems. Conduct education and outreach programmes on sustainable use of freshwater resources. Harmonize and coordinate the roles of various regulatory agencies charged with the management of freshwater and wetland ecosystems. Implement existing international agreements on freshwater resources and promote partnership and cooperation at regional and global levels particularly in the development and management of shared rivers, lakes and wetlands. Ensure that developmental activities within the freshwater and wet-land ecosystems conform to EIA process and procedures. Coastal and Marine Ecosystem Policy statements: The Government will: Ensure the preparation of comprehensive marine and coastal ecosystem baseline and plan for regular audits. Prepare and implement a harmonized integrated Ecological Master Plan (EMP) as well as Coastal Zone Management Action Plan. Implement the West Africa Coastal Areas (WACA) programme to reduce the country’s vulnerability to coastal erosion, flooding and sedimentation problems. Install and operate an integrated maritime monitoring system. Coastal and Marine Ecosystem Cont’d Build capacity, share knowledge and ensure community participation in the plans and management of coastal and marine ecosystems. Establish strict control of discharge of pollutants and toxic wastes into coastal and marine ecosystems including ensuring compliance to relevant laws and regulations. Coordinate the roles of all agencies interfacing on the management of coastal and marine ecosystems to ensure policy coherence and optimum resource protection. Control physical growths including reclamation of wetlands for socio-economic developments  Coastal and Marine Ecosystem Cont’d Promote actions to protect and preserve land masses that help defend coastal areas and communities from the impacts of ocean waves. Support and promote research and cross-sectoral capacity enhancement in the conservation, protection and management of marine and coastal resources. Designate areas with endemic species and demarcate such areas as Marine Protected Areas to make them no-go areas for industrial or other harmful human activities of any sort. Set up accessible emergency response mechanisms in coastal communities for cases of on or offshore accidents. Adhere to strict Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) when considering activities such as aquaculture that places demand on marine ecosystem resources.  Forest Ecosystems Policy statements: The Government will: Formulate and implement innovative strategy to increase forest and tree cover to at least 25% of the total land area (in line with the FAO standard). Develop and implement a National Strategy for Rehabilitation and Restoration of degraded forest ecosystems. Promote the rational exploitation of forest Benefits of Forest Ecosystem resources to meet domestic consumption needs and to achieve a significant export activity on a long term basis.  Forest Ecosystems Cont’d Protect, conserve, and create Regulate forestry activities to new forests for scientific, enhance conservation and recreational, cultural and environmentally sound economic purposes while management practices. ensuring proper dissemination of Facilitate institutional capacity scientific and technological development and implement cost- information conducive to more effective, objective and measurable efficient use of forest resources. national standards, principles and Review and support the effective criteria of sustainable forest implementation of the National management, including mandatory Forest Policy and other related Environmental Impact Assessment policies and legislations. for major development projects involving substantial removal of forest resources.  Forest Ecosystems Cont’d Develop and support appropriate Integrate economic and forest-based development social development priorities mechanisms in the emerging into forest conservation measures so that local carbon markets communities can share in the Develop and expand energy management of the resource generation from renewable and in the benefits of trade in their products. resources (such as hydropower Develop measures for the and solar power) as well as sustainable use and centralized power generation management of forest genetic from using fossil fuels to using resources through a cleaner technologies in order to combination of in situ and ex reduce pressures on forests and situ methods while minimizing the impacts of forestry woodlands. operations on biodiversity Forest Ecosystems Cont’d Carry out periodic assessment of the state of forest ecosystems and identifying threatened, endangered and extinct species for priority actions. Implement a Forestry Trust Fund (FTF) for forest activities in Nigeria. Promote research and development in areas of forestry development.  Summary and Conclusion The NPE is a robust and holistic framework that guides the management of Nigeria’s environmental and Natural resources. It is a bold step with sectoral policy statements and required action plans towards sustainable management and development of our environmental resources. It seeks to strengthen the articulation and coordination of environmental policy at all levels of governance so all and sundry could be onboard including NGOs involved in awareness and promotion of sustainable development ideals. Diligent efforts to assessing the nation’s environmental resources and working towards sustainable, inclusive management of resources is crucial in addressing environmental issues, and that is what NPE seeks to achieve.  THANK YOU FOR LISTENING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SESSION  MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1) The incidence that brought about Environmental consciousness in Nigeria was the (a) Oloibiri incident (b) Krikama incident (c) Koko incident (d) Aba incdent. 2) Which section of the 1999 Constitution mandates the state to protect and improve the environment, safeguard the water, air, land, forest and wildlife of Nigeria? …. (a) 17 (b) 18 (c) 19 (d) 20 3) The national policy on the Environment derives its strength, legitimacy and obligation to protect the Nigeria environment through the following except (a) international funds (b) international treaties (c) the constitution (d) international conventions 4) Policy statements on forest ecosystem states that Government will formulate and implement innovative strategy to increase forest and tree cover to at least ………. of the total land area. (a) 25% (b) 30% (c) 35% (d) 40% 5) The law that established the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) was the …. (a) decree 57 of 1988 (b) decree 59 of 1988 (c) Decree 58 of 1988 (d) decree 60 of 1988 6) The first African country with an institutional mechanism for environmental protection is …… (a) Ghana (b) Nigeria (c) South Africa (d) Egypt 7) The second revision to the National Policy on the Environment (NPE) was done in --------- (a) 2016 (b) 2017 (c) 2018 (d) 2019  MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS CONT’D 8) The national policy on environment has policy statements on these aspects of the environment except (a) Conservation of Natural Resources (b) Mountainous Ecosystem (c) Forest Ecosystems (d) Fresh Water and Wet-land Ecosystems 9) Which of the following is not a function of forest ecosystem (a) soil protection (b) water conservation (c) pollutant accumulation (d) photosynthesis 10) Apart from the constitution, ------ and ------ are the instruments that NPE derives its powers? (a) Policies and agreements (b) treaties and conventions (c) conventions and regimes (d) Pacts and treaties