Every Drug Summary Exam 2 PDF

Anticholinergic/Cholinergics Drug Class Examples MOA Indication Other things Interaction to know Anticholinergic Ipratropium Block the PNS by ↓ Bronchosp...

Anticholinergic/Cholinergics Drug Class Examples MOA Indication Other things Interaction to know Anticholinergic Ipratropium Block the PNS by ↓ Bronchospasm Can't see pee Antihistamines attaching to (Asthma and spit shit Antiparkinsons s Tiotropium nicotinic receptors COPD) TCAS Meclizine therefore allowing ↓ secretions Cautions and MAOIs Scopolamine SNS response anesthesia Atropine reverses contras for dis. Phenothiazines Atropine a cholinergic crisis that would be N/V motion exacerbated by sickness anticholinergic effects Direct Bupropion B:Weakly Smoking cessation Contra: seizure Cholinergic drugs Cholinergic Varenicline inhibits NE and dop reuptake. Agonists Nicotine Other two bind to nicotinic receptor to reduce cravings Indirect AZ:Rivastigmine Block Myasthenia Gravis Cautions and NSAIDS Donepezil acetylcholinester and Alzheimer’s contras for dis. Cholinergic drugs Cholinergic Galantamine ase from that would be Agonists MG:Neostigmine breaking down exacerbated by Pyridostigmine acetylcholine cholinergic Edrophonium therefore ↑ PNS effects activity GI motility Drug Class Examples MOA Indication Other things DI to know Osmotic Magnesium Pulls water Constipation Lactulose: Magnesium Laxatives hydroxide into the diabetic be sulfate and digestive tract Bowel careful citrate to stimulate cleanse Mag: renal polyethylene defecation and before injury glycol make stool lactulose easier to pass surgery Poly: ↓ seizure threshold Bulk-forming Psyllium Add bulk to Constipation laxatives Methylcellulos stool e stimulating Polycarbophil defecation Lubricants Mineral oil Makes slippery Constipation glycerin coat on the specifically in Ducosate feces so they people that sodium are easier to shouldn't bear pass down when BM Opioid Naloxegol Bind to opioid Opiate Temporary Receptor Methylnaltrex receptors in induced measure Antagonists one the intestines constipation to block opiate effects in SI GI stimulants Metocloprami Stimulates Diabetic Extrapyramid Alcohol de PNS to ↑ GI Gastroparesi al effects Antipsychotics activity s When rapid Monitor blood movement of glucose of GI contents diabetics needed Chemical Senna Stimulates Constipation Temporary Stimulants Castor oil nerve plexus measure Bisacodyl in intestinal Castor oil can wall to ↑ inhibit vit. motility absorption Antidiarrheals Bismuth Acute Diarrhea Don't use for subsalicylate diarrhea diarrhea Loperamide caused by To reduce poisoning discharge vol. In ileostomies GI secretion Drug Class Examples MOA Indication Other things to know GI protectant Sucralfate Coats GI tract from Promote ulcer irritation to allow ulcer healing healing Proton Pump Omeprazole Reduces the GERD CNS Ulcers inhibitors Rabeprazole amount of HCl Zollinger Ellison GI Lansoprazole acid in the Arrhythmias and Pantoprazole stomach by Hypotension stopping the final step of acid  production in the stomach Prostaglandins Misoprostol Inhibits stomach acid Prevents NSAID-use Category X production induced ulcers Releases bicarb and mucous to protect stomach Histamine 2 Famotidine Reduces acid Ulcer CNS Receptor Cimetidine production in the GERD GI Antagonists Nizatidine stomach Zollinger-Ellison Arrhythmias and Also OTC: Hypotension heartburn indigestion etc. Antacids Calcium Neutralize Hyperacidity ADE: Rebound acidity Carbonate stomach acid alkalosis Sodium Bicarb calcium carb: can Magnesium Salts cause hyper- calcemia Aluminum Salts and hypo- phosphatemia Digestive Saliva Substitute SS: electrolytes and SS: Dry mouth PE: contra for pork carboxymethylcellulos Enzymes Pancrelipase e that thicken saliva allergy that make it easier to swallow PE: Cystic SS: swish don’t PE: replace enzymes fibrosis swallow made by the pancreas Pancreatic to help digest and absorb insuff. Malabsorption synd. Antiemetic Drug Class Examples MOA Indication Other things to know Phenothiazines Prochlorperazine Block N/V Are also Chlorpromazine dopamine from antipsychotics and Phenelzine reaching the can have ADE chemotrigger including: neuromalignant zone which syndrome induces n/v extrapyramidal effects endocrine effects pink urine cardiac effects Avoid if CNS injury  Serotonin Ondansetron Block N/V Avoid if on other Receptor Granisetron serotonin from serotonin receptor Agonists Palonosetron reaching the blockers as DI may chemotrigger cause serotonin syndrome zone which induces n/v Non Metoclopramide Block N/V due to Phenothiazines dopamine from chemo or reaching the post-op CTZ which induces n/v Substance P Aprepitant Block NK1 N/V due to Decreases effect of /Neurokinin 1 Fosaprepitant receptors to chemo Warfarin and Receptor Rolapitant inhibit hormonal BC Antagonists stimulation of the CTZ which induces n/v Corticosteroids Drug Class Examples MOA Indication Other things to know Glucocorticoids Budesonide Anti-inflamma ST inflammation Admin in morning Betamethasone tory and relief Not for LT use Dexamethasone immunosuppr Prevent Methylpredni- essive effects transplant ADE: Cushings solone rejection fluid retention ↑ glucose Cortisol Cancer osteoporosis Hydrocortisone levels Crohns ↓ vax efficacy Prednisone ↑ fat and Rheumatoid Prednisolone protein arthritis metabolism Asthma Mineralocorticoi Fludrocortisone Mimic Replacement therapy Admin in morning for adrenal ds Cortisol aldosterone in insufficiency Not for LT use Hydrocortisone the body to: Addisons disease Prednisone maintain BV Salt wasting syndrome ADE: ↑ fluid volume Prednisolone BP Electrolyte hypokalemia balance ↓ vax efficacy Immune Stims Drug Class Examples MOA Indication Other things to know Interleukins Aldesleukin A: renal cancer A: AIDS some A: can cause Oprelvekin AIDs cancers suicidal ideation O: severe O: prevent thrombocytopeni thrombocytopenia Bone marrow a (low platelets) after chemo suppression after chemo Interferons Interferon Alfa Interferons MS Category X drug 2b communicate Hep B and C with neighboring Some cancers cells and warn them to put up defenses Colony Filgrastim ↑ neutrophil Neutropenia Give after chemo Stimulating Pegfilgrastim production Leukopenia not before Factor Some blood cancers Immunosuppressants Drug Class Examples MOA Indication Other things to know Interleukin Anakinra Blocks interleukins Rheumatoid Contra: ecoli specifically interleukin Receptor 1 to reduce arthritis allergy Antagonists inflammation specifically cartilage erosion Immune Apremilast Reduces Psoriatic arthritis New so not Modulators pro-inflammatory much is known cytokines Monoclonal Golimumab Antibody to T-cells Cancers Contra: fluid Antibodies Adalimumab disabling them and Arthritis retention deactivating Infliximab immune response Crohns Ulcerative colitis ADE: pulmonary Deactivates roaming MS edema and fluid tumor necrosis overload factor (a chem that induces inflammation) Risk of infection T and B cell Cyclosporine Block B and T Prevent C: hirsutism and suppressors Mycophenolate cells (immune transplant gum overgrowth Tac responders) rejection Modify release ↑ Risk of of interleukins C: all that plus infection and T-cell arthritis and HPTN growth factor psoriasis Anti-Inflammatory and Arthritis Drug Class Examples MOA Indication Other things to know NSAIDS Ibuprofen Blocks COX enzymes Antipyretic Cat X Indomethacin which synthesize Analgesic ↑ risk for ulcers prostaglandins Ketelorac Anti-inflammat Naproxen ory DI: Celecoxib Loop Di Meloxicam Beta -B Lith Acetaminophen Acetaminophen Acts on Pain Black Box: liver thermoregulatory Fever toxicity cells of hypothalamus Acetylsysteine causing sweating reverses and cooling down acetaminophen OD Salicylates Aspirin Block inflammatory M: inflamed LI Cat X Mesalamine response by A:inflammation Salicylism: NVD inhibiting fatigue tinnitus prostaglandin confusion synthesis Salicylic Tox: Antipyretic Analgesic pulmonary edema fever coma tachyc. Gold Compound Auranofin Swallowed by Rheumatoid Most useful given in macrophages Arthritis early treatment bc it Inhibiting their cant reverse past phagocytosis and And minimize damage thereby ↓ tissue damage inflammation and from ↑ Hella toxic only use tissue destruction if other things havent worked TNF Blockers Adalimumab ↓ effects of Tumor First choice for ↓ efficacy of vax Infliximab Necrosis Factor Arthritis Black bos: serious Etanercept which kills tumor infection cells and lymphomas cancer stimulates inflammation Contra: infection Prevents damage cancer sepsis TB to joint capsule hep and bone myelosuppression Anti-Gout Colchicine C: ↓ inflammation C: gout crisis C: can cause rhabdo Allopurinol by blocking A: LT use for and blood neutrophils gout dyscrasias  A: inhibits conversion to uric acid in the body BP agents Drug Class Examples MOA Indication Other things to know Vasodilators Minoxidil Vasodilates HPTN Short term use Nitroprusside smooth muscle to HPTN emergencies Can cause Nitroglycerin ↓ PVR BP and ↑ (>180/120) headache due to CO vasodilation Vasopressors Epinephrine Stimulates all Hypotensive states C/C: Norepinephrine adrenergic/SNS shock Pheochromocyto Dopamine receptors acute asthma ma: (bc it can Dobutamine ↑ HR attack cause overload of ↑ contractions Epi/NE already) Vasoconstriction ↑ BP Hypovolemia Bronchodilation should be addressed before administering this drug Renin Inhibitors Aliskiren Blocks renin preventing HPTN the RAAS system thereby preventing ↑ aldosterone and Na+ H2O retention ACE inhibitors Ramipril Blocks ACE from HTN Cat X Lisinopril converting Angio CHF Captopril I to II Prevents diabetic Cough Enalapril blocking RAAS nephropathy Pancytopenia Benazapril Vasodilation Reflex Tachy ↓ BP ARBs Candesartan Block HPTN Cat X (Angiotensin II Valsartan Angiotensin II CHF Receptor Irbesartan receptors on Prevent diabetic No cough Blockers) Losartan smooth muscle nephropathy Olmesartan preventing constriction and aldosterone release aka blocks RAAS ↓ BP Alpha- Phentolamine Blocks alpha 2 Pheochromocytom CC: CAD and MI Adrenergic receptors a (adrenal tumor) Blockers prevents NE and epi binding reducing SNS effects and ↓ BP Blocks Alpha 1 causing vasodilation and ↓ BP Alpha 1 Blockers Terazosin Blocks Alpha 1 HPTN Does not cause Doxazosin causing reflex tachycardia Prazosin vasodilation and ↓ BP Alpha 2 Clonidine Blocks alpha 2 HPTN C/C: Receptor receptors Glaucoma Agonists prevents norepi Severe hptn and epi binding Hypotension reducing SNS Bradycardia effects and Diabetes ↓ BP renal/hepatic Alpha and Beta Carvedilol Blocks NE at all HPTN Blockers Labetalol alpha and beta receptors in the Lebatalol can be SNS allowing the used for HPTN in PNS to dominate pregnancy ↓ BP ↓ Renin ↑ renal perfusion Beta-Blockers Metoprolol Block Beta 1 and HPTN C/C: renal/hepatic Propranolol 2 receptors to Angina resp. diabetes Atenolol prevent epi and Tachycardia unstable HF NE binding Arrhythmias bradycardia ↓ HR Migraine Vasodilation Glaucoma Do not admin if ↑ renal perfusion MI HR