Ethics Module 1 PDF

Ethics- generally speaking about matters such as good thing. KINDS OF VALUATION 1\. AESTHETICS 2\. ETIQUETTE 3\. TECHNIQUE Aesthetics- is derived from the Greek word aesthesis "sense" or feeling" and refers to judgments of personal approval or disapproval that we make about what we see, hear s...

Ethics- generally speaking about matters such as good thing. KINDS OF VALUATION 1\. AESTHETICS 2\. ETIQUETTE 3\. TECHNIQUE Aesthetics- is derived from the Greek word aesthesis "sense" or feeling" and refers to judgments of personal approval or disapproval that we make about what we see, hear smell or taste. Example: I may maintain that it is wrong to wear over a barong Tagalog Etiquette- which is concerned with the right and wrong actions. Example: Somebody may approve the child who knows how to ask for something properly by saying "please" and approve otherwise disapproved of a woman that I see picking her nose in public **ETHICS : FOUNDATION OF MORAL VALUATION** **MODULE 1** Ethics- generally speaking about matters such as good things. A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generated  ***[KINDS OF VALUATION]*** 1. **AESTHETICS** Example: I may maintain that it is wrong to wear over a barong Tagalog. 2. **ETIQUETTE-** which is concerned with the right and wrong actions. A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generated  Example: Somebody may approve the child who knows how to ask for something properly by saying "please" and approve otherwise disapproved of a woman that I see picking her nose in public. **3. TECHNIQUE** Technique- derived from the Greek word "techne" the English words "technique" and technical" which are often used to refer to a proper way or right of doing things.  **ETHICS AND MORALS** Are ethics vs. morals really just the same thing? It\'s not uncommon to hear morality and ethics referenced in the same sentence. That said, they are two different things. While they definitely have a lot of commonalities (not to mention very similar definitions!), there are some distinct differences. What Is Morality? Morality is a person or society\'s idea of what is right or wrong, especially in regard to a person\'s behavior.^1^ Maintaining this type of behavior allows people to live successfully in groups and society. That said, they require a personal adherence to the commitment of the greater good. [[Morals]](https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-morality-5076160) have changed over time and based on location. For example, different countries can have different standards of morality. That said, researchers have determined that seven morals seem to transcend across the globe and across time: 1. **Bravery:** Bravery has historically helped people determine hierarchies. People who demonstrate the ability to be brave in tough situations have historically been seen as leaders. 2. **Fairness:** Think of terms like \"meet in the middle\" and the concept of taking turns. 3. **Defer to authority:** Deferring to authority is important because it signifies that people will adhere to rules that attend to the greater good. This is necessary for a functioning society. 4. **Helping the group: **Traditions exist to help us feel closer to our group. This way, you feel more supported, and a general sense of altruism is promoted. 5. **Loving your family:** This is a more focused version of helping your group. It\'s the idea that loving and supporting your family allows you to raise people who will continue to uphold moral norms. 6. **Returning favors**: This goes for society as a whole and specifies that people may avoid behaviors that aren\'t generally [[altruistic]](https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-altruism-2794828). 7. **Respecting others' property: **This goes back to settling disputes based on prior possession, which also ties in the idea of fairness. Many of these seven morals require deferring short-term interests for the sake of the larger group. People who act purely out of self-interest can often be regarded as immoral or selfish. What is Objective Morality? Objective morality is the idea that right and wrong exist factually, without any importance of opinion. It\'s the concept that some actions and beliefs are imperatively good or inherently bad, and that the goodness or badness of those things holds no matter who you are or what else you believe in.^1^ Objectivity refers to the notion that something is factual, aka objective, and without bias.^2^ and morality means a sense of something being right or wrong.^3^ Objective morality is also known as moral objectivism. What Are Ethics? Many scholars and researchers don\'t differentiate between morals and ethics, and that\'s because they\'re very similar. Many definitions even explain ethics as a set of moral principles. The big difference when it comes to ethics is that it refers to community values more than personal values. Dictionary.com defines the term as a system of values that are \"moral\" as determined by a community.^3^ In general, morals are considered guidelines that affect individuals, and ethics are considered guideposts for entire larger groups or communities. Ethics are also more culturally based than morals. For example, the seven morals listed earlier transcend cultures, but there are certain rules, especially those in predominantly religious nations, that are determined by cultures that are not recognized around the world. - What is the difference between ethics and morals? - What are examples of morals and ethics? - Can a person be moral but not ethical? A screenshot of a computer Description automatically generated **Morals and Ethics: the Definition** **Defining Morals** **Morals** refer to our *personal principles* regarding what is right and wrong. They are deeply embedded in our individual conscience, shaped by factors such as our upbringing, culture, religion, and personal experiences. Morals act as an internal compass that guides us in our day-to-day behavior. **Ethics**, on the other hand, consist of *rules and standards* set by external bodies such as professional organizations, cultures, or societies. These rules are designed to govern the conduct of members of a group and ensure that actions are aligned with the collective values of that community. Ethics often come into play in professional settings, dictating how we ought to act within those contexts. **Key Takeaways** - - - **How to Use Ethics vs. Morals Correctly?** ETHICS refers to the rules that a social system provides us with. These are the codes of how to act in a workplace, in a public place, in a church, or anywhere else where other people are present. It's necessary to act according to ethical principles even if they don't agree with your own feelings. Because If you don't, other people are likely to start judging you. MORALS, in contrast, are our own principles. When we act according to morals, we do something because we personally are certain that this is the right thing to do. Ethics are generally very consistent in the same context. For example, no matter which hospital you go to, you can expect pretty much the same type of behavior from any doctor. Still, if you need legal services, the ethics of any given [[lawyer]](https://7esl.com/attorney-vs-lawyer/) will be different from the ethics of any given doctor. Therefore, ethics vary depending on the context to which they apply. The moral principles that a person has are normally the same, regardless of the context, so he can be expected to act the same way both around a doctor and a lawyer if he feels that it's the right thing to do. However, an event can occur that will be able to radically change what the person values and believes in. Sometimes conflicts between morals vs. ethics can occur. For instance, even if a doctor personally believes that his patient has the right for [euthanasia], he can't perform this procedure because of ethical standards. Similarly, a lawyer who knows that his client is guilty of murder, probably believes that such a crime is a terrible thing to do. Nevertheless, the ethics of his profession force him to defend his client, no matter what. The fact that someone follows ethics doesn't [[mean]](https://7esl.com/mean-vs-average/) that they have any morals. An example would be a person who doesn't steal because this is a crime punishable by law, not because he actually believes that stealing is wrong. [[On the other hand]](https://7esl.com/ways-to-say-on-the-other-hand/), a person who has morals is likely to also have ethics, even if this isn't his intention. This is the case when someone doesn't steal because he doesn't think it's right. Here, this person's morals agree with the ethics of society. **Tips to Remember the Differences** - - ***Ethics vs. Morals Examples*** **Examples of Ethics** - - - - - - - **Examples of Morals** - - - - - - - \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **[Ethics vs. Morals: Practice and Exercise]** **Morals vs. Ethics Worksheet** **Instructions:** Below are characteristics that describe either morals or ethics. Read each characteristic carefully and decide whether it applies to morals or ethics by ticking the correct answer. The correct answers and explanations are provided at the end of the worksheet. --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ **No.** **Characteristic** **Morals** **Ethics** 1. Personal principles of right and wrong. ( ) ( ) 2. A system of principles and judgments shared by cultural, religious, and philosophical groups. ( ) ( ) 3. Often unwritten guidelines that are internal to individuals. ( ) ( ) 4. Can be different for every person, based on their personal beliefs and upbringing. ( ) ( ) 5. Governed by professional and legal guidelines within a business or professional setting. ( ) ( ) 6. Can be enforced by external agencies or professional bodies. ( ) ( ) 7. Typically consistent within a cultural or societal group. ( ) ( ) 8. Focus on the individual's choice and behavior. ( ) ( ) 9. Considered as a social system or a framework for acceptable behavior. ( ) ( ) 10. Often involves the study of principles related to right and wrong behavior. ( ) ( ) --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ **Philosophy-** refers to the "love of Wisdom" **Branches of Philosophy** 1\. Metaphysics 2\. Epistemology 3\. Axiology **Metaphysics --** wonders as to what constitutes the whole reality **Epistemology-** ask what our basis is for determining what we know. **Axiology**- refers broadly to the study of value and value judgment Especially in ethics **Descriptive study of ethics**- reports how people, particular groups, make their moral valuations without making any judgments either for or against these valuations. **Normative study of ethics-** is often done in the philosophy of moral theology. Example **Descriptive**- nothing about filial and obedience are persuasive characteristics of Chinese culture. **Normative-** Studying how confusion ethics urges us to obey our parents and show filial piety. **Issue**- is also often used to refer to those particular situations that are often the source of considerable and inconclusive debate. Example: capital punishment and Euthanasia As moral issues. **Decision**- when one is placed in a situation and confronted by the choice of what act, to perform is called a moral decision. For instance, I choose not to take something I did not pay for. **Judgment-** when one person is an observer who assesses the actions or behavior of someone. She is making a moral judgment. For instance, a friend of mine chose to steal from a store, and I assess that it was wrong. **Dilemma**- going beyond the matter of choosing right over wrong, or good over bad, and considering instead the more complicated situation wherein one is torn between choosing on between the lesser of two evils: this is referred to as a moral dilemma. **Moral Dilemma**- when an individual can choose over only one from several possible actions. **Two Types of Utilitarianism** **Act-** An action right if and only if it produces the greatest balance of pleasure over pain for the greatest number. **Rule** -- An action is right if and only if it conforms to a set of rules the general acceptance of which would produce the greatest balance of pleasure over pain for the greatest number.