Esophagus Anatomy: Structure, Blood Supply, and Histology

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FortunateNeumann9826

Uploaded by FortunateNeumann9826

Adalel Almotamyz College of Medical Sciences

Khatim Alamin

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esophagus anatomy gastrointestinal digestive system

Summary

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the esophagus, covering its embryology, anatomy, histology, and related aspects like blood and nerve supply. It includes detailed information useful for students in medical or related fields, describing the structure of the esophagus.

Full Transcript

Here is the converted markdown format of the document or image: # Esophagus BY DR/ KHATIM ALAMIN ## EMBRYOLOGY * Development begins in week 3 of gestation. * Derived from the endoderm lined yolk sac cavity- primitive gut. * A ventral diverticulum develops during week 3- tracheobronchial tree...

Here is the converted markdown format of the document or image: # Esophagus BY DR/ KHATIM ALAMIN ## EMBRYOLOGY * Development begins in week 3 of gestation. * Derived from the endoderm lined yolk sac cavity- primitive gut. * A ventral diverticulum develops during week 3- tracheobronchial tree. * Mucosa completely differentiated by week 12. * Muscular layer develops from the mesoderm beginning in week 6 and completely formed by week 12. * First functional swallow is seen at about week 14 and well established by 4 months gestation. ## GROSS ANATOMY * 25cm long muscular tube. * From lower border of the cricoid to the stomach. * C6 to T11. * 2 curves in the coronal plane. * 3 constrictions. ## PARTS ESOPHAGUS is mainly studied in 3 parts: * CERVICAL * THORACIC * ABDOMINAL All anatomical features, pathologies, surgical approach and management options are specific to each of these parts. ## RELATIONS- CERVICAL PART * Anteriorly- trachea * Posteriorly- prevertebral muscles and fascia covering 6th to 8th cervical vertibrae * Laterally- carotid sheath, lower poles of the thyroid gland * The thoracic duct is found on the left side at C6 level ## RELATIONS- THORACIC PART The image shows the anatomy of the thoracic part detailing various regions. ## RELATIONS- ABDOMINAL PART Very short segment of variable length * Anteriorly- esophageal groove on the posterior surface of the liver * Related to greater sac anteriorly and on the left * Lesser sac peritoneum is found on the right side * Closely related to the vagus nerves ## GASTRO ESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION *Externally-* * Collar of Helvetius * Gastroesophageal fat pad *Endoscopically-* * Z line * Transition from smooth lining in the esophagus to rugal folds in the stomach. ## BLOOD SUPPLY * CERVICAL PART- Inferior thyroid artery * THORACIC PART- Bronchial and esophageal branches of the descending aorta * ABDOMINAL PART- Ascending branches of the left phrenic and left gastric arteries. ## VENOUS DRAINAGE Submucosal plexus Periesophageal venous plexus Esophageal veins * CERVICAL- Inferior thyroid vein * THORACIC- Azygos vein, Hemiazygos veins, Intercostal veins, Bronchial veins * ABDOMINAL- Left gastric vein Porto systemic anastomosis ## NERVE SUPPLY * ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM- * Auerbach's plexus in the intermuscular plane * Meissner's plexus in the submucosal plane *EXTRINSIC NERVOUS SYSTEM-* * Parasympathetic supply from the vagus via recurrent laryngeal nerves * Sympathetic supply from thoracic spinal cord segments ## LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE Lymphatic plexuses in submucosa and muscularis regional lymph nodes * Cervical esophagus * Paratracheal * Deep cervical * Internal jugular nodes * Thoracic part- * Mediastinal nodes * Paratracheal * Subcarinal * Retro cardiac * Infracardiac lymph nodes * Thoracic duct ## HISTOLOGY 4 LAYERS * Mucosa- stratified squamous epithelium * Submucosa- containing brenners glands * Muscularis propria- inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle fibres * Adventitial layer THERE IS NO SEROSAL LAYER ON ESOPHAGUS ## Schematic Representation The image shows the anatomy of the layers related to histological representation of esophagus. THANK YOU

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