Digestive System Anatomy PDF

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT (GIT) Presented by Dr/ Mennat Allah Abd El-fattah Saqr MBBS, MS, PhD Lecturer, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University.  Parts of the gastrointestinal...

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT (GIT) Presented by Dr/ Mennat Allah Abd El-fattah Saqr MBBS, MS, PhD Lecturer, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University.  Parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 1. Mouth (oral) cavity and its contents. 2. Pharynx. 3. Oesophagus. 4. Stomach. 5. Small intestine. 6. Large intestine. 7. Rectum. 8. Anal canal. - The glands of the GIT: Liver Mouth (oral) cavity Mouth (oral) cavity Mouth (oral) cavity  Palate The palate consists of two regions: 1.Hard palate (anterior 2/3) 2.Soft palate (posterior 1/3).  Tongue It is a mass of striated muscles covered with mucous membrane. Parts Anterior 2/3 & posterior 1/3 Tip + dorsal and ventral surfaces + root. Salivary glands  Pharynx 3 parts 1.Nasopharynx 2.Oropharynx 3.Laryngopharynx  Gut tube 1. Foregut: it includes the esophagus, stomach, upper half of the duodenum. It is supplied by celiac trunk. 2. Midgut: It includes the lower half of duodenum, small intestine, caecum, Ascending colon and right 2/3 of transverse colon. It is supplied by superior mesenteric artery. 3. Hindgut: it includes the left 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and upper part of rectum. It is supplied by inferior mesenteric artery. Esophagus  Esophagus Definition: It is a musculo-tubular structure 10 inches (25cm) long. Beginning: At the level of C.6 (6th cervical vertebra). Termination: It pierces the diaphragm at the level of T.10 to enter the abdomen Stomach  Site of stomach Left hypochardium Epigastrium Umbilical regions 3 Parts & ends of stomach Parts: 1.Fundus 2.Body 3.Pylorus Ends: 4.Esophageal (cardiac)  SMALL INTESTINE Part of gut extending From the pyloric end of stomach (gastro-duodenal junction) To the beginning of the large intestine at the ileocecal junction.  Small Intestine Parts Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Small Intestine large intestine large intestine large intestine  Parts of Large intestine 1- Cecum 2- Appendix 3- Ascending colon 4- RT colic flexure (hepatic flexure) 5- Transverse colon 6- LT colic flexure (splenic flexure) 7- Descending colon 8- Sigmoid colon 9- Rectum 10- Upper part of anal canal  Differences between small & large intestines - the large intestine shows 3 features (not present in the small intestine): 1- Teniae coli: 3 longitudinal bands 2- Sacculations = haustrations 3- Appendices epiploicae = tags of fat. Differences between small & large intestines Vermiform Appendix  Vermiform Appendix Surface anatomy: (important) - The base of the appendix lies at theright iliac fossa “Mc Burney’s point” ANATOMY OF LIVER  Liver Site.It lies under the diaphragm - It occupies parts of the - following :abdominal regions a. Right hypochondrium (mainly). b. Epigastrium (part of it). c. Left hypochondrium (part of it).  Liver Lobes  Liver Lobes 1.Right 2.Left 3.Caudate 4.Quadrate Porta hepatis  Biliary System - The biliary system consists of: A. Gall bladder B. Biliary ducts (passages)  Gall bladder Parts 1.Fundus 2.Body 3.Neck  cystic duct  Gall bladder )Surface anatomy(  Extrahepatic biliary system Hepatic ducts (Right & left) Common hepatic duct Cystic duct Common bile duct ANATOMY OF PANCREAS  Pancreas Site: - It is an elongated gland which lies horizontally on the posterior abdominal wall. - It extends from the concavity of the duodenum to the hilum of the spleen.  Pancreas Parts: 1. Head 2. Neck 3. Body 4. Tail The lower and left part of the head forms a projection called the uncinate process. Body Ducts of the pancreas pancreatic duct - It comes out of the head to fuse with the common bile duct inside the wall of the second part of the duodenum & opens in the second part of the duodenum called the major duodenal papilla.