Esophagus_Achalasia_MCQs.txt

? Where is the Cricopharynx located in the esophagus? - 25 cm from the upper incisor - 40 cm from the upper incisor + 15 cm from the upper incisor - 35 cm from the upper incisor ? At what distance from the upper incisor does the Left bronchus constriction occur? + 25 cm - 15 cm - 35 cm - 40 cm ? W...

? Where is the Cricopharynx located in the esophagus? - 25 cm from the upper incisor - 40 cm from the upper incisor + 15 cm from the upper incisor - 35 cm from the upper incisor ? At what distance from the upper incisor does the Left bronchus constriction occur? + 25 cm - 15 cm - 35 cm - 40 cm ? Which structure also constricts the esophagus at 25 cm from the upper incisor? + Arch of aorta - Diaphragm - Cricopharynx - Left atrium ? Where is the Diaphragm constriction of the esophagus found? - 15 cm from the upper incisor - 25 cm from the upper incisor - 35 cm from the upper incisor + 40 cm from the upper incisor ? Which condition is characterized by the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax? + Achalasia - Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) - Barrett's esophagus - Hiatus hernia ? Achalasia is most prevalent in which gender and age group? + Females aged 30-60 years - Males aged 20-50 years - Females aged 20-50 years - Males aged 30-60 years ? What is a significant risk factor for Achalasia? + Chagas disease - Diabetes - GERD - Barrett's esophagus ? Which syndrome is a significant risk factor for Achalasia? + Allgrove syndrome - Marfan syndrome - Turner syndrome - Cushing syndrome ? Achalasia primarily affects individuals in which age group? + 30-60 years - 10-30 years - 50-70 years - 20-40 years ? What leads to decreased peristalsis and sphincter relaxation in Achalasia? + Impairment in parasympathetic function - Hyperactivity of sympathetic nerves - Vagal nerve stimulation - Excessive acetylcholine release ? What happens to distal parasympathetic nerves in Achalasia? + They diminish, leading to ineffective peristaltic movements - They become hyperactive, causing spasm - They remain unaffected - They increase in number, causing hyperperistalsis ? What is a consequence of absent nerves in the lower esophageal sphincter in Achalasia? + Failure to relax - Excessive relaxation - Spasm of the sphincter - Hyperactivity of peristalsis ? Which type of esophagitis can occur due to Achalasia? + Stagnant esophagitis - Reflux esophagitis - Infective esophagitis - Eosinophilic esophagitis ? What is a potential complication of stagnant esophagitis in Achalasia? + Squamous cell carcinoma - Adenocarcinoma - Barrett's esophagus - Hiatus hernia ? What kind of diverticuli may develop in Achalasia? + Epiphrenic diverticuli - Zenker's diverticuli - Traction diverticuli - Pharyngeal diverticuli ? What is a potential respiratory complication in Achalasia? + Aspiration pneumonitis - Asthma - Chronic bronchitis - Pulmonary embolism ? What are late findings in Achalasia? + Mega-esophagus and sigmoid appearance of the esophagus - Barrett's esophagus and hiatus hernia - Esophageal varices and portal hypertension - Peptic ulcers and duodenal strictures ? What is included in the classic triad of symptoms for Achalasia? + Dysphagia, regurgitation, and significant weight loss - Dysphagia, chest pain, and heartburn - Regurgitation, nausea, and vomiting - Heartburn, cough, and bloating ? What does Eckhardt's score assess in Achalasia? + Dysphagia, regurgitation, weight loss, and retrosternal pain - Heartburn, cough, bloating, and nausea - Vomiting, nausea, chest pain, and weight gain - Bloating, flatulence, diarrhea, and constipation ? What is the most common motility disorder of the esophagus? + Achalasia - GERD - Barrett's esophagus - Diffuse esophageal spasm ? What condition can mimic Achalasia in patients with esophageal cancer? + Pseudo-achalasia - Reflux esophagitis - Barrett's esophagus - Hiatus hernia ? What is the initial investigation for Achalasia? + Upper GI endoscopy - Barium swallow - CT scan - MRI ? What does upper GI endoscopy detect in Achalasia? + Distal narrowing and rule out malignancy - Esophageal varices - Hiatus hernia - Peptic ulcers ? What investigation confirms the diagnosis of Achalasia? + Esophageal manometry - Barium swallow - CT scan - MRI