IoT Architecture PDF

IoT Architecture ΕΠΛ 428: IOT PROGRAMMING Dr. Panayiotis Kolios Assistant Professor, Dept. Computer Science, KIOS CoE for Intelligent Systems and Networks Office: FST 01, 116 Telephone: +357 22893450 / 22892695 Web: https://www.kios.ucy.ac.cy/pkolios/  Hundreds Data Center/Cloud...

IoT Architecture ΕΠΛ 428: IOT PROGRAMMING Dr. Panayiotis Kolios Assistant Professor, Dept. Computer Science, KIOS CoE for Intelligent Systems and Networks Office: FST 01, 116 Telephone: +357 22893450 / 22892695 Web: https://www.kios.ucy.ac.cy/pkolios/  Hundreds Data Center/Cloud Data Center/Cloud High Latency Transactional Response Times Thousands Backhaul Internet Infrastructure 010101 010101 Tens of Thousands 11001 11001 001 Fog Layer 001 Multi-Service Edge asonin Re g Millsecond/Sub-Second nsing Millions Response Con Embedded Systems ro t Se l and devices Smart Objects Low Latency Low Power, Low Bandwidth Vertical Specific Apps (SCADA, Core IoT IoT Data MDMs, etc.) Functional Stack Management and Compute Stack Analytics Applications Cloud IoT Network Mgmt (CoAP, Communications Fog MQTT) Network Network Transport Layer Things: Sensors Edge Gateways and and Actuators Backhaul Network Access Network (FAN, LoRa, PLC)  BASIC COMMUNICATIONS ARCHITECTURE Devices using 6LowPAN, Bluetooth (Low energy), ZigBee Wireless or wired MAC Address Technologies device 1 INTERNET Ethernet Device Shield 128-bit Things/ IPv6 or MAC Address Sensors/ device 2 32-bit IP IoT Actuators address Cloud/ Application Wi-Fi or s/ Services Device Module Web Server MAC Address device 3 GSM Device Module Physical Adaptation Applications/ Gateway Network Layer Layer Services Layer IOT ARCHITECTURE  KEY ENTITIES Device consisting of hardware e.g. microcontroller (or SoC), sensors, actuators, and software for data processing and exchange Sensors are electronic devices to quantify the environment (e.g. temperature, humidity, acceleration) Devices consist of microcontroller units (MCUs) with processing, memory, and other hardware (ADC, PWM) interfaced together Gateways, edge/ fog devices middleware and services Server hardware and web software enabling web applications and web services (including storage, data analytics, predictive analytics) Connectivity and networking enabling internetworking  Battery-powered or power-connected: This classification is based on whether the object carries its own energy supply or receives continuous power from an external power source. Battery-powered things can be moved more easily than line- powered objects. However, batteries limit the lifetime and amount of energy that the object is allowed to consume, thus driving transmission range and frequency Mobile or static: A sensor may be moving in a fluid or because it is attached to a moving object (for example, a location sensor on moving goods in a warehouse or factory floor). The frequency of the movement may also vary, from occasional to permanent. The range of mobility (from a few inches to miles away) often drives the possible power source.  Low or high reporting frequency: A motion sensor may report acceleration several hundred times per second. Higher frequencies drive higher energy consumption, which may create constraints on the possible power source (and therefore the object mobility) and the transmission range. Simple or rich data: Based on the quantity of data exchanged at each report cycle. A humidity sensor in a field may report a simple daily index value (on a binary scale from 0 to 255), while an engine sensor may report hundreds of parameters, Richer data typically drives higher power consumption. Smart meters (Pumps, Motors, etc.) Environment (Weather Sensors, etc.) Vehicle Telematics, Fleet Management, Low Mobility Low Low Mobility High High Mobility Low High Mobility High Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Traffic Cameras, Connected Electronics Robotic manipulation  TECHNOLOGY BEHIND IOT Hardware (Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc) Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for software development, firmware and APIs Messaging Protocols (CoAP, MQTT, RESTful HTTP, XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol) Communication Technologies (Powerline Ethernet, RFID, NFC, ZigBee, Bluetooth, WiFi, 5G) Cloud Platforms/Data Centres (AWS IoT, CISCO IoT, Azure)  Devices (embedded devices, sensors and systems) generate data Data needs computations and a system needs electronic circuits for computation and communication Embedded systems employ dedicated software into a computing platform to perform the computations and communication Microcontroller unit (MCU) is a single-chip unit with limited computational capabilities MCU possesses memory, input-output capabilities and a number of on-chip functional units e.g. Timer is one such unit which enables initiating new action(s) on timer start, on the clock inputs, timeouts or when the number of clock inputs equal to a preset value  Functional Circuits in a Chip or Core of Microcontroller I/O Ports Processor Internal Control and Flash/ROM Interfaces/ Drivers Internal External Memory RAM Interface Serial UART Communication Port Timers and Watchdog Timer Serial Interrupt Synchronous Communication Controller Port Application Specific Circuits in Specific Versions DMA A/D PWM DTMF Modem Controller Converter Circuit Circuit for D/A Network CAN Printer Driver Controller Controller Stack and Interfaces MCU is an Integrated Circuit with 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit etc architecture Clock frequencies can be 8 MHz, 16 MHz, 100 MHz, 200 MHz or higher A metric for performance is Million Instructions Per Second (MIPS) Or is Million Floating Point Operations Per Second (MFLOPS)  ARDUINO Arduino boards, modules and shields are popular MCU Open source IDEs Analog input pins and PWM pins can connect sensors, actuators Digital I/O pins can connect On-Off states, set of On-Off states, digital inputs from sensors, digital outputs to actuators and other digital circuits Shield inserted for wireless connection to a ZigBee, Bluetooth LE, WiFi, GSM, or RF module or a wired connection to Ethernet LAN A programmer develops the codes using an IDE, the codes are pushed into the MCU using USB port of the board. The codes are pushed after developing-testing-debugging cycle(s)  RASPBERRY PI Raspberry Pi single board SoC based computing and communication board RPi runs on the OSes (distributions of Linux such as Raspbian Ubuntu) RPi includes an OS - Ubuntu Core (also known as Snappy) - a stripped down version of Ubuntu, designed to run securely on IoT devices Based on the ARM Cortex quad core and includes a graphics card, onboard memory, card module etc ESP32 CONNECTIVITY FOR DEVICES  COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES Wireless Technologies Bluetooth (Low Energy), ZigBee, NFC, RF link, WiFi, 5G Wired Technologies I2C, SPI, UART Device 1 IoT or M2M Area 10s of Bytes Device 2 Local Network and 10s of Bytes Gateway … 10s of Bytes Bluetooth Smart IP, … ZigBee IP, ZigBee 10s of Bytes NAN, 6LoWPAN Device ( i – 1) 10s of Bytes RF, NFC, LPWAN Device i network protocols Physical/Data-link Layer  WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 3GPP LTE, 3GPP GSM, WCDMA, NFC EC-GPRS, 3GPP NB-IoT EMV WiMAX < 5 km