Enzymes- SAQs.docx

**[Questions]** - What is Metabolism? Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in the body. - What are two of the types of chemical reactions that take place in the body? Anabolic reaction- when smaller molecules are converted to large molecules. E.g photosynth...

**[Questions]** - What is Metabolism? Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in the body. - What are two of the types of chemical reactions that take place in the body? Anabolic reaction- when smaller molecules are converted to large molecules. E.g photosynthesis Catabolic reaction- when large molecules are converted to small molecules. E.g. digestion  - What is a catalyst? A substance that speeds up the rate of reaction without being used up in the reaction - What is an enzyme? An enzyme is a biological catalyst that is protein in nature - What shape are enzymes? Enzymes are globular in shape - What is a substrate? A substrate is the substance an enzyme acts on - What is a product? The product is the substance the enzyme forms - What is the role of enzymes? To control metabolic reactions - What is activation energy? The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur. - What are two factors affecting enzyme activity? Ph and temperature - What is bioprocessing? The use of enzyme-controlled reactions to produce a product - What is a bioreactor? A vessel or container where biological reactions are carried out - What are immobilised enzymes? Enzymes that are attached to each other or to an inert material - What are two advantages of immobilised enzymes? They can be reused. They can be recovered from the reaction vessel at the end of the process and no further purification is required.  - What is meant by enzyme specificity? Most enzymes can only react with a single substrate. This is because each active site will only fit or react with a single substrate.  - What is meant by denaturation? When an enzyme loses its shape and the shape of its active site is altered meaning the enzyme is unable to react with its substrate and can no longer cay out its function. **[Enzyme immobilisation questions:]** **Question 1.** What is an immobilized enzyme? An enzyme that is attached to itself or to an inert material. **Question 2.** Why are the beads left for 15 minutes in the calcium chloride solution? To harden **Question 3. ** Give one advantage of using immobilized enzymes. They can be reused **Question 4.** Name the enzyme that you used in this activity. Yeast **Question 5.** Why did we stir the mixture as we added the beads of mixture.? To prevent clumping **Question 1. ** What is an enzyme? A biological catalyst that is protein in nature **Question 2. ** Name the substrate in this experiment.  Hydrogen peroxide **Question 3. ** Why are a few drops of washing-up liquid used? To allow the oxygen to form foam.  **Question 4. ** Name a factor you kept constant in this experiment. Temperature **Question 5.** How is the rate of enzyme activity measured?  By measuring the volume of in the graduated cylinder at the experiment **Question 6. ** How did you vary the pH solutions in this activity? With different pH buffers **[Enzyme temperature questions:]** **Question 1. ** To what group of biomolecules do enzymes belong?  Proteins **Question 2.** Name the enzyme in this activity.  Catalase **Question 3. ** Name the products in this activity Water and oxygen **Question 4. ** Name the substrate in this activity. Hydrogen peroxide **Question 5.** What factor is kept constant during the activity? pH **Question 6.** How is the temperature varied during the experiment? With different temperatures of water baths **Question 7.** Why is the rate of activity not recorded after 60 degrees C? As the enzyme became denatured and had no activity **Question 8.** What is meant by the term denatured enzyme? The enzyme has lost its shape and can no longer carry out its function.  **[Enzyme denaturation questions:]** ** Question 1. ** Where in the cell are enzymes produced? Ribosomes. **Question 2. ** In relation to the heat denaturation experiment. Describe how the enzyme was treated in the test and the control.  Test: The enzyme was boiled for 5 mins. Control: The enzyme was not heated. **Question 3. ** Compare the results of the test investigation to that of the control.  Test: No foam was produced. Control: A large volume of foam was produced.