Environmental Protection & Climate Change PDF

MINDORO STATE UNIVERSITY CALAPAN CITY CAMPUS NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM MINDORO STATE UNIVERSITY CALAPAN CITY CAMPUS NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM  MINDORO STATE UNIVERSITY CALAPAN CITY CAMPUS NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM Environmental Protection & Climate Change SATU...

MINDORO STATE UNIVERSITY CALAPAN CITY CAMPUS NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM MINDORO STATE UNIVERSITY CALAPAN CITY CAMPUS NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM  MINDORO STATE UNIVERSITY CALAPAN CITY CAMPUS NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM Environmental Protection & Climate Change SATURDAY September 16, 2023 Urgent Global Concerns Humanity faces critical global concerns in the third decade of the 21st century, particularly in the environment, population growth, urbanization, pollution, and climate change. Environmental Challenges The UN warns that urgent action is needed to address challenges such as waste management, accommodating a growing urban population, air and water pollution, ocean health, responsible use of water resources, and sustainable food production.  Mitigating Climate Change Excessive CO2 emissions have accelerated global warming, leading to more frequent and extreme weather events. There is a pressing need to transition towards cleaner, renewable energy sources and to implement measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change effects. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect biodiversity and natural habitats. Environmental Protection and Management Environmental degradation is a pressing issue in the Philippines, stemming from exploitation of natural resources, resulting in pollution, deforestation, and damage to marine ecosystems. Environmental Protection and Management Many Filipinos, including the youth, are indifferent towards environmental concerns, often blaming the government instead of taking individual responsibility for conservation. Environmental Protection and Management The Philippines is highly susceptible to climate-related disasters due to its geographical and socio-economic conditions, emphasizing the urgent need for widespread education on environmental issues, particularly biodiversity conservation and climate change.  Environmental Education It encompasses organized efforts to teach about natural environments, sustainability, and human behavior, including both formal school-based education and broader public Its goal is to enhance awareness campaigns. knowledge, skills, attitudes, and motivations for informed decision-making and responsible actions in addressing environmental challenges.  Importance of Environmental Education All major natural resources in the country are in grave danger of irreparable damage. A society cannot survive if its natural resources are rendered unfit for use by its people. The only hope is by making the young aware to be proactively begin to protect the environment they will inherit.  Importance of Environmental Education Science and Technology can help in limited way but cannot deliver it. It is moral and ethical education for changing people’s attitude. To protect children living in polluted regions, environmental education represents a relevant means of prevention.  Importance of Environmental Education It is a need of time to propose environmental education delivered with moral concept. It is conceived to sustain participation of the citizens especially the youth particularly in combating ill effects of climate change. CHED Memo Order No. 33 s. 2009 It mandates the integration of Environmental Education in the Tertiary Education Curriculum particularly the Civic Welfare Training Service component in the National Service Training Program.  Terminologies Biodegradable Food Materials Non-biodegradable Composting Hazardous Waste Putrescible Domestic Waste Incineration Recycling Solid Waste  MINDORO STATE UNIVERSITY CALAPAN CITY CAMPUS NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS IN THE PHILIPPINES Republic Act No. 9152 An act to promote environmental awareness through environmental education and for other purposes. Known as the “National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008.” Republic Act 9003: January 26, 2001 This is an act providing for an ecological solid waste management program, creating the necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and providing penalties, appropriating funds thereof and for other purposes. Republic Act No. 9275: March 22, 2004 An act providing for a comprehensive water quality management and for other purposes. Republic Act No. 9275: March 22, 2004 An act providing for a comprehensive water quality management and for other purposes. Sec. 2 Declaration of Policy The State shall pursue a policy of economic growth in a manner consistent with the protection, preservation and revival of the quality of our fresh, brackish and marine waters. Republic Act 8749: June 23, 1999 “Philippines Clean Air Act of 1999” An act providing for a comprehensive air pollution control policy and for other purposes. Republic Act No. 9147 An act providing for the conservation and protection of wildlife resources and their habitats, appropriating funds therefore and for other purposes. Republic Act No. 9175 An act regulating the ownership, possession, sale, importation and use of chainsaws, penalizing violations thereof and for other purposes. 7 PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS Everything is All forms of life connected to are important. everything else. 7 PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS Everything must Ours is a finite go somewhere. Earth. 7 PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS Nature is Nature knows beautiful and we best. are stewards of God’s creation. 7 PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS Everything changes. FOREST PROTECTION, CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT Southeast Asian forests, including those in the Philippines, are highly diverse but face threats from factors like cultivation, logging, and fires due to poverty, over- population, and weak governance. FOREST PROTECTION, CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT The Philippine government recognizes the economic value of forests through timber and non-wood products, but massive deforestation has eroded their contribution to the economy, prompting efforts to reverse the decline and protect remaining natural forests. Provisions of Philippine Constitution on Tree Species Conservation Support and protection by the State for the right of all Filipino people to a balanced and healthy ecology in accordance with the rhythm and harmony of nature (Sec. 16, Art. II); framework of national unity and development (Sec. 22, Art. II). State ownership of all natural resources, except for agricultural lands (Sec. 2, Art. XII). Full control and supervision by the State of exploration, development and use of natural resources either by directly undertaking such activities or by entering into co- production, joint ventures or production-sharing agreements with Filipino citizens or Filipino- owned or controlled corporations or associations (Sec. 2, Art. XII). Small-scale utilization of natural resources (Sec. 2, Art. XIII). Determination by Congress of the specific limits of forest lands by marking their boundaries on the ground (Sec. 4, Art. XIII). State protection of the rights of indigenous cultural communities to their ancestral lands to ensure their economic, social and cultural well-being (Sec. 5, Art. XII). Small-scale utilization of natural resources (Sec. 2, Art. XIII). Determination by Congress of the specific limits of forest lands by marking their boundaries on the ground (Sec. 4, Art. XIII). State protection of the rights of indigenous cultural communities to their ancestral lands to ensure their economic, social and cultural well-being (Sec. 5, Art. XII). Philippine Strategy for Sustainable Development (PSSD) endorsed by former President Corazon Aquino and subsequently approved by the Cabinet in 1989 a response to the global call for well-balanced resource development. One of the key strategies is biodiversity conservation, overseen by a sub-committee PSSD chaired by DENR's Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau. The sub-committee formulated the Philippine Strategy for the Conservation of Biological Diversity (PSBD) in 1994, leading to the creation of a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) in June 1997, following a 1995 biodiversity study supported by UNEP, spurred by the Philippines' signing of the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1992.  Goals and Objectives of NBSAP Collaborative approaches to conservation strategies and management activities; Formulation of policies for the conservation, sustainable use, and equitable sharing of biodiversity benefits;  Integration of biodiversity conservation strategies into development planning; Practice of conservation ethics for using biodiversity;  Multi-sectoral participation in biodiversity conservation; Fulfilment of the country's obligations to various international agreements on biodiversity conservation.  Strategies and Actions to implement NBSAP Objectives Expanding and improving knowledge of the extent, characteristics, uses and economic values of biodiversity; Enhancing existing and planned biodiversity conservation efforts, and identifying potential actions, consolidating research and development, and setting up a network of conservation centres;  Formulating policies and laws on biodiversity conservation that emphasize sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits; Integrating biodiversity conservation into all levels of government and non- government planning, and strengthening human resources capability for biodiversity conservation;  Mobilizing and integrating information, education and communication on biodiversity systems; and Advocating stronger international cooperation in biodiversity conservation. Other decrees for conserving forest genetic resources: Presidential Decree No. 1151 The Philippine Environment Policy of 1978 established the Philippine Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) System. This law stipulates environmental impact assessments for all activities or projects that may significantly affect the quality of the environment. Proclamation No. 2146 This identifies protected areas as environmentally critical and therefore within the purview of the EIA system provided for under Presidential Decree 1586. It is supported and strengthened by DENR Administrative Order (DAO) No. 21, which decentralizes the issuing of environmental compliance certificates for projects within environmentally critical areas. DAO No. 90 series of 1988 This sets quotas for certain animal and plant species collected under a permit for commercial purposes. DENR Memorandum Order No. 97-17 This protects the habitats of endemic, rare, vulnerable and endangered wetland species. CITES The Philippines joined the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1981. Executive Order No. 247 This was issued in 1995. It emphasizes "prescribing guidelines and establishing a regulatory framework for prospecting biological and genetic resources, their by-products and derivatives for scientific, commercial and other purposes". The rules and regulations of implementation are in DAO No. 96-2. DAO No. 95-9 This pronounced that "the basic policy of the government is to establish well- adapted populations of forest trees which provide a sustained supply of forest tree seed and other planting stock for the country's reforestation programme". The production, procurement, collection, distribution and use of planting materials were placed under monitoring and regulation by DENR. MINDORO STATE UNIVERSITY CALAPAN CITY CAMPUS NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION CLIMATE VS WEATHER Climate refers to long-term weather patterns in an area, including temperature, rainfall, and wind patterns. Weather, on the other hand, can change from day to day or year to year.  HUMAN-INDUCED CLIMATE CHANGE The current climate change is primarily caused by human activities like burning fossil fuels, leading to the release of greenhouse gases. This accelerates global warming, impacting local and regional climates at a much faster rate than natural climate change processes. WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE? Any rapid change in climate over time whether caused by natural phenomenon or as a result of human interventions. Changes of climates which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activities that alter the composition of the global atmosphere and which are, in addition to natural climate variability, observed over comparable time periods (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change).  HOW DOES CLIMATE CHANGE OCCUR? The Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC in 2007 warned that climate change is happening and could lead to a two-degree Celsius temperature increase and more extreme weather conditions. Climate change is primarily caused by the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, with humans contributing significantly through industrial processes, fossil fuel burning, deforestation, and population growth.  WHAT ARE THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE? Climate change is causing a range of environmental impacts, including melting snow and glaciers, rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and shifts in habitats and behavior of flora and fauna. WHAT ARE THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE? The Philippines, as an archipelagic nation, is highly vulnerable to these changes, with potential consequences including widespread displacement, agricultural challenges, and heightened risks for the country's most vulnerable populations, particularly the poor.  CAUSES, HAZARDS AND EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO THE COMMUNITY WHAT CAN BE DONE LOCALLY? Reduce the sources of greenhouse gas emissions or 01 enhance their sink or capture (Mitigation). Moderate the harmful effects of climate change and 02 exploit its beneficial opportunities (Adaptation). Support or join awareness raising of people in your 03 locality/community about climate change. WHAT CAN BE DONE LOCALLY? Carry out concrete disaster prevention, mitigation and 04 management activities (Capacity Building). Suggest or advocate the integration of climate change 05 mitigation and adaptation into organizational/institutional plans to mainstream consciousness. Lobby for/or support climate change responsive 06 policies and ordinances (Policy Development). WHAT CAN BE DONE LOCALLY? Synergize efforts with other enlightened individual or 07 group stakeholders. Develop a stable resource mobilization mechanism or 08 system to ensure and facilitate the flow of financial and technical support to local implementers.  ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Urban areas in the country face worsening solid waste problems, with an estimated daily per capita waste production of 0.5 kg, resulting in potentially 5,250 metric tons of waste generated daily in Metro Manila alone. Only 73% of the daily waste is collected by local government units, leaving approximately 1,417.5 metric tons to end up in inappropriate locations like canals, vacant spaces, and rivers. Urgent action is needed to address this issue due to the potential health impacts on communities, emphasizing the importance of cleaner environments for the well-being of individuals and families.  Improper solid waste disposal is a pressing concern for local R.A. NO. 9003 governments, especially in the Philippines. OR ECOLOGICAL The law mandates SOLID WASTE environmentally friendly waste MANAGEMENT disposal practices, creating a legal framework for comprehensive solid ACT OF 2000 waste management.  It places responsibility on local governments and emphasizes R.A. NO. 9003 public health and environmental OR ECOLOGICAL protection. DENR Administrative Order No. SOLID WASTE 2001-34 contains the implementing MANAGEMENT rules and regulations for RA 9003, ACT OF 2000 ensuring its effective enforcement. SALIENT FEATURES OF RA NO. 9003 01 Creation of the National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC), the National Ecology Center (NEC) and the Solid Waste Management Board in every province, city and municipality in the country. 02 Formulation of the National Solid Waste Management Framework; 10-year solid waste management plans by local government units; SALIENT FEATURES OF RA NO. 9003 03 Mandatory segregation of solid waste to be conducted primarily at the source such as household, institutional, industrial, commercial and agricultural sources; 04 Setting of minimum requirements to ensure systematic collection and transport of wastes and the proper protection of the health of the garbage collectors SALIENT FEATURES OF RA NO. 9003 05 Establishment of reclamation programs and buy-back centers for recyclable and toxic materials; 06 Promotion of eco-labeling in local products and services; 07 Prohibition of non-environmentally acceptable products and packaging; SALIENT FEATURES OF RA NO. 9003 08 Establishments of Material Recovery Facility (MRF) in every barangay or cluster of barangays; 09 Prohibition against the use of open dumps; 10 Setting of guidelines/criteria for the establishment of controlled dumps and sanitary landfills; SALIENT FEATURES OF RA NO. 9003 11 Provision of rewards, incentives both fiscal and non-fiscal, financial assistance, grants and the like to encourage LGUs and the general public to undertake effective solid waste management; and 12 Promotion of research on solid waste management and environmental education in the formal and non-formal sectors. HOW CAN WE HELP SOLVE THE SOLID WASTE PROBLEM? A highly recommended formula is to adopt the 3Rs of Ecological Waste 02 Management: REDUCE, REUSE and RECYCLE. HOW CAN WE HELP SOLVE THE SOLID WASTE PROBLEM? Refrain from doing things prohibited by the law: 01 littering, throwing, dumping of waste materials in public places like roads, sidewalks, canals, esteros, parks and establishments; 02 open burning of solid waste; HOW CAN WE HELP SOLVE THE SOLID WASTE PROBLEM? Refrain from doing things prohibited by the law: 03 allowing the collection of non- segregated or unsorted waste; 04 squatting in open dumps and landfills; 05 open dumping or burying of biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials in flood-prone areas; HOW CAN WE HELP SOLVE THE SOLID WASTE PROBLEM? Refrain from doing things prohibited by the law: 06 unauthorized removal of recyclable material intended for collection by authorized persons; 07 mixing of source-separated recyclable material with other solid waste in any vehicle, box, container or receptacle used in solid waste collection or disposal; HOW CAN WE HELP SOLVE THE SOLID WASTE PROBLEM? Refrain from doing things prohibited by the law: 08 manufacture, distribution or use of non-environmentally acceptable packaging materials; 09 establishment or operation of open dumps; and 10 important of consumer products packaged in non-environmentally acceptable materials.  SOURCES OF SOLID WASTES DOMESTIC COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION AGRICULTURAL AND DEMOLITION WASTE  PHYSICAL COMPOSITION OF SOLID WASTES ORGANIC INORGANIC Food putrescibles Metals Paper and cardboard Glass Plastic Dirt, ash etc. Clothing/Fabric Unclassified Yard waste Wood  REFUSE MATERIALS BY KINDS GARBAGE RUBBISH ASHES STREET REFUSE DEAD INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION ANIMALS WASTE WASTE  HAZARDOUS WASTE Refers to solid wastes or a combination of solid waste which identifies the concentration or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics may do of the following: cause or significantly contribute to the increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible or incapacitating irreversible illness; and cause a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored or transported.  HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Refers to the comprehensive and integrated management of toxic substances and hazardous wastes which adheres to the waste management hierarchy of source reduction, recycling, treatment and safe disposal for the protection of personnel, environment and property.  FOUR (4) CHARACTERISTICS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES IGNITABLE CORROSIVE REACTIVE TOXIC  THREE (3) MAIN GOALS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Protection of the Improvement Conservation environment of Public Health of Energy  INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT It is the selection of combination of techniques, technologies and management programs to achieve waste management objectives.  ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT ecological method of handling wastes that does not degrade the environment nor pollute air, water, soil and facilitate sanitary retrieval, reuse or recycling. one of the most friendly, economical tool of contributing welfare for human beings and the community.  THREE COMPONENTS OF MODERN WASTE REDUCTION END.