10-12 Class Reviewer PDF

ENGLISH 3RD QUARTER / SECOND SEMESTER 10-12 CLASS REVIEWER ⋅˚₊‧ ୨୧ ‧₊˚ ⋅ Topics: ★ Literary Theories ★ Les Miserables LITERARY THEORIES Literary Theories ➔ Literary theory, also known as critical theory or cultural theory, provi...

ENGLISH 3RD QUARTER / SECOND SEMESTER 10-12 CLASS REVIEWER ⋅˚₊‧ ୨୧ ‧₊˚ ⋅ Topics: ★ Literary Theories ★ Les Miserables LITERARY THEORIES Literary Theories ➔ Literary theory, also known as critical theory or cultural theory, provides concepts and assumptions for explaining or interpreting literary texts. ➔ It involves principles derived from internal analysis of texts or external knowledge applicable in various interpretive situations. ➔ Critical practice in literature relies on theories to define what constitutes literary subjects and the aims of interpretation. Three Types of Literary Theories ➔ Historical ➔ Marxist ➔ Feminist Historical Influence of Past Events on Literature ➔ History plays a significant role in shaping literature, influencing novels, plays, or poems by the political, social, and cultural contexts of their time ➔ Literature reflects the events, experiences, and societal norms of its historical background Historical Theory ➔ Involves understanding the events and experiences surrounding the composition of a work, including the author's life, to interpret the literature ➔ Historical criticism examines literary works within their historical context, considering cultural, social, and political aspects Historical Criticism Questions for Analysis ➔ What key historical figures are present in the text? ENGLISH 3RD QUARTER / SECOND SEMESTER 10-12 CLASS REVIEWER ⋅˚₊‧ ୨୧ ‧₊˚ ⋅ ➔ When was the work published and written? ➔ How was it received by the critics and the public? ➔ To what extent does the author’s history (biography) impact the work? ➔ What historical movements or events influenced the author in writing his masterpiece? Example of Historical Theory Dekada '70 ➔ Explores Philippine society and government during the tumultuous 1970s from a mother's perspective. ➔ Highlights the struggles of a family living through societal changes. Challenges with Historical Theory ➔ History can be biased, manipulated, or selectively portrayed based on the storyteller's perspective ➔ The adage "History is written by the victors" emphasizes the potential for distortion or omission of certain narratives If stories about our experiences now will be written in the future, what historical events do you think will influence it? ➔ Speculation on the historical events that might influence future literature, considering current societal, political, and cultural dynamics Feminism ➔ Advocates for gender equality and empowerment of women ➔ Acknowledges diverse women's experiences and strives for equal rights and opportunities ➔ Focuses on eliminating gender-based discrimination and leveling the playing field Feminist Literary Criticism ➔ Informed by feminist theory, critiques literature through feminist principles. ➔ Analyzes gender roles and inequalities depicted in literature. ➔ Questions the portrayal of women, their roles, and treatment in texts. Feminist Lens (Shaw, 2013) Questions to analyze literature from a feminist perspective  ENGLISH 3RD QUARTER / SECOND SEMESTER 10-12 CLASS REVIEWER ⋅˚₊‧ ୨୧ ‧₊˚ ⋅ ➔ Is the author male or female? ➔ Is the text narrated by a male or female? ➔ What types of roles do women have in the text? ➔ Are the female characters the protagonists or secondary and minor characters? ➔ Do any stereotypical characterizations of women appear? ➔ What are the attitudes toward women held by the male characters? ➔ What is the author’s attitude toward women in society? ➔ How does the author’s culture influence his/her attitude? ➔ Is feminine imagery used? If so, what is the significance of such imagery? ➔ Do the female characters speak differently than the male characters? In your investigation, compare the frequency of speech for the male character to the frequency of speech for the female characters. Marxism Marxist Literary Theory ➔ Views literature as an expression of class struggle and social conditions ➔ Analyzes social classes, privilege, and their implications in literature ➔ Literature is seen as reflective of socioeconomic systems and conditions Marxism Analysis Questions ➔ What social classes or hierarchies appear in the text? ➔ Which characters have privilege? What does privilege look like in the text? How does access to or distance from privilege affect a character? ➔ How does the text treat characters from various social classes? How does membership in a particular social class affect a character’s actions and/or how they are treated by other characters? Example of Marxism "Winter Dreams" by F. Scott Fitzgerald ➔ Depicts class differences between Dexter and Judy ➔ Illustrates societal expectations and conflicts arising from class distinctions ➔ Reflects themes of privilege and social mobility. LES MISERABLES ENGLISH 3RD QUARTER / SECOND SEMESTER 10-12 CLASS REVIEWER ⋅˚₊‧ ୨୧ ‧₊˚ ⋅ Victor Hugo ➔ Born in 1802 ➔ French novelist ➔ Wrote Les Miserables ➔ French poet and dramatist of the Romantic movement ➔ Prolific writer ➔ Considered as one of the greatest French writers of all time ➔ His writing for Les Miserables was filled with social and political injustices taken from experiences during his time -- this was heavily visible in French history ➔ Issues like poverty, inequality, and oppression were normalized -- due to the corruption of several kings who only cared about the higher class ➔ Victor Hugo wrote his book about these topics to share with the readers this horrifying past that was further brought to life through the movie of Les Misérables CHARACTERS Name Description Jean Valjean After serving nineteen years in prison (for stealing a loaf of bread and for multiple attempts to escape), Jean Valjean is finally released. Through the goodness of the Bishop of Digne, he decides to turn his life around, but to do so he must change his identity and break his parole. He helps Fantine before her death and later adopts her daughter Cosette as his own. He spends the rest of his life trying to keep her safe, while continuously being pursued by Inspector Javert who would ENGLISH 3RD QUARTER / SECOND SEMESTER 10-12 CLASS REVIEWER ⋅˚₊‧ ୨୧ ‧₊˚ ⋅ arrest him for breaking his parole. Monsieur Le Mayor Name used by Jean Valjean in an Monsieur Madeleine attempt to start a new life General Lamarque He was viewed as the government’s champion of the poor and was provided with a public state burial by the king. Thenardiers They are a money-obsessed couple who appear to be both Cosette’s keeper and tormentor. Fauchelevent He is a worker in Vigau whom Le Maire helped and sought help from when he tried to escape Javert. Gavroche He is a happy-go-lucky child who made significant and heroic contributions in the barricade. Inspector Javert He is incapable of compassion or pity and performs his work with such passion that he takes on a nearly animal quality when he is on the chase. A self-righteous lawman, Inspector Javert believes justice and the law reign supreme. After Valjean breaks his parole, Javert hunts him for the rest of his life, convinced that humans cannot change for the better and that bringing him to justice is all that matters. In the end, however, he cannot reconcile his hatred of Valjean and The Bishop Of Digne He gives shelter to Valjean after his release from prison. After Valjean is caught stealing silver, the bishop maintains it was a gift and then gives him two more silver candlesticks. He instructs they are to be used to become “an honest ENGLISH 3RD QUARTER / SECOND SEMESTER 10-12 CLASS REVIEWER ⋅˚₊‧ ୨୧ ‧₊˚ ⋅ man.” His acts of kindness inspire Valjean and set him on his journey to redemption. Fantine A worker at Valjean’s factory, Fantine loses her job and is forced to become a prostitute to pay the Thénardiers to take care of her daughter Cosette. When Valjean learns of her plight and as she is dying of consumption, she asks Valjean to care for Cosette. Cosette Fantine’s daughter who lives as a servant to the Thénardiers, Cosette is rescued by Valjean at age eight and is raised by him in Paris, knowing nothing about her past. At seventeen, she meets and falls in love with Marius, and eventually marries him Eponine Daughter of the Thénardiers, Eponine grows up with and is unkind to Cosette until Valjean takes her away. Later, at seventeen she is destitute, living on the streets of Paris, and is secretly in love with Marius. She is killed at the barricades during the student insurrection. Enjolras Leader of the student revolutionaries, Enjolras is a good friend of Marius. An uncompromising political radical who dies courageously as the leader of a group of student insurrectionists. Marius Pontmercy A student revolutionary who is friends with Eponine, Marius falls in love with Cosette and is later rescued from the barricades by Valjean who eventually gives Marius and Cosette permission to be married. Grantaire He is described as a skeptical person who is obsessed with Enjolras. In the movie, ENGLISH 3RD QUARTER / SECOND SEMESTER 10-12 CLASS REVIEWER ⋅˚₊‧ ୨୧ ‧₊˚ ⋅ he is mostly drunk and offers himself and dies alongside Enjolras as they are executed by the soldiers. One of his remarkable scenes was when he reacted very surprised when he knew that Marius had fallen in love at last. He also mocked him that he was more focused on romance and not the goal of the ABC at that time. FAMOUS LINES Character Line/s Inspector Javert Follow to the letter your itinerary, this badge of shame you wear until you die. It warns that you're a dangerous man. A man like you can never change. There is nowhere I can turn, there is no way to go on! Fantine But the tigers come at night, with their voices soft as thunder, as they tear your hope apart, as they turn your dreams to shame. Gavroche This is the land that fought for liberty. Now when we fight, we fight for bread. Here is the thing about equality. Everyone’s equal when they’re dead. Eponine Hey there, monsieur, what’s new with you? Plotting to overthrow the state? You still pretending to be poor? Come on, I know your grandpa’s rich. Grantaire I am agog! I am aghast! Is Marius in love at last? I’ve never heard him ‘ooh’ and ENGLISH 3RD QUARTER / SECOND SEMESTER 10-12 CLASS REVIEWER ⋅˚₊‧ ୨୧ ‧₊˚ ⋅ ‘aah!’ Marius Oh my friends, my friends, don’t ask me what your sacrifice was for. Empty chairs and empty tables, where my friends will sing no more. Jean Valjean My soul belongs to God, I know I made that bargain long ago. He gave me hope when hope was gone. He gave me strength to journey on! Enjolras Do we fight for the right to a night at the opera now? Is this simply a game for a rich young boy to play? Setting Time ➔ Set in France in the 19th century Locations ★ Pontarlier This is the place where Jean Valjean was told to return to after thirty days. If he fails to do so, he would be arrested immediately. ★ Digne This is the area where Jean Valjean’s changes in character started. This is where Valjean met the Bishop of Digne who provided him shelter and eventually changed his moral outlook. ★ Montreuil-sur-Mer This is where Jean Valjean lived as Le Maire, the town’s mayor. This is where he met Fantine and learned about her and her daughter, Cosette. This is also where he was discovered as Jean Valjean by Inspector Javert. ★ Thénardiers’ Inn in Montfermeil This is the inn owned by the Thénardiers who are known to steal and perform shady business practices toward their customers. This is also ENGLISH 3RD QUARTER / SECOND SEMESTER 10-12 CLASS REVIEWER ⋅˚₊‧ ୨୧ ‧₊˚ ⋅ where Eponine is introduced and Cosette is shown. In this location, it showed the Thénardiers’ mistreatment towards Cosette and how Jean Valjean eventually convinced and paid them off to retrieve her from them. ★ Saint Michel, Paris This is where a large portion of the story took place. It showed a range of people, from the poorest of the poor on the streets, to the rich that rode in their carriages. This location is where the people’s rebellion for freedom against the government took place. It also introduced characters such as Enjolras and Marius Pontmercy who led the student revolution.