Oral Communication in Context - ENG 112 Midterm PDF

ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT Objectives 1. Define communication. 2. Explains the nature and process of communication 3. Differentiates the various models of communication 4. Explains the breakdown of communication What is communication?  Definition Of Communication Sharing...

ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT Objectives 1. Define communication. 2. Explains the nature and process of communication 3. Differentiates the various models of communication 4. Explains the breakdown of communication What is communication?  Definition Of Communication Sharing of meaning by sending and receiving symbolic cues (Grice and Skinner, 2020). Dynamic process in which people attempt to share their internal states with other people through the use of symbols (Samovar, McDaniel, & Porter, 2010). Interdependent process of sending, receiving, and understanding messages (Dunn and Goodnight, 2020).  Definition Of Communication Communication is a message understood. Communication is Social Interaction through messages.  Process of Communication Adler and Towne describe communication as a process between at least two parties that begins when one person wants to communicate with another. Communication originates as mental images within a person who desires to convey those images to another. Mental images can include ideas, thoughts, pictures, and emotions. Five Elements of Communication  Five Elements of Communication Speaker  Five Elements of Communication Message Five Elements of Communication Channel Five Elements of Communication Listener/Rece Five Elements of Communication Feedback  Communication Models Linear Interactive Transaction al  Linear Communication Model the transmission of a message to a receiver who never responds or has no way of responding to the information conveyed The message is final and cannot be contended at all An example of a linear type of communication is the Shannon-Weaver model (1949).  Interactive follow two channels in Model which communication and feedback flow between sender and receiver; Feedback is simply a response that a receiver gives to a sender This model features field of experience - how environment, experiences, culture, and even heredity can influence how a sender constructs a message.  Transactional Model the most dynamic of communication models Participants in the communication are considered communicators this model views communication as a transaction Communication Breakdown Communication barriers are also known in its other names as noise, barriers, and haywires. Breakdown in communication causes failure in communication Physical Psychologi Cultural Barrier cal Barrier Barrier  Communication Breakdown Communication barriers are also known in its other names as noise, barriers, and haywires. Breakdown in communication causes failure in communication Cultural Linguistic Physiologic Barrier Barrier al Barrier  Communication Breakdown Communication barriers are also known in its other names as noise, barriers, and haywires. Breakdown in communication causes failure in communication the natural or environmental conditions that act as a barrier in communication Physical Examples: Barrier 1.People talking too loudly. 2.Noise from a construction site  Communication barriers are also known in its other names as noise, barriers, and haywires. Breakdown in communication causes failure in communication These are called as mental barriers. refer to social and personal issues of a speaker Phychological towards communicating with others. Barrier Examples: 1. Shyness, lack of confidence 2. Depression  Communication barriers are also known in its other names as noise, barriers, and haywires. Breakdown in communication causes failure in communication These pertain to communication problems encountered by people regarding their intrinsic Cultural values, beliefs, and traditions in conflict Examples: Barrier 1. Different beliefs 2. Traditions, and customs  Communication barriers are also known in its other names as noise, barriers, and haywires. Breakdown in communication causes failure in communication pertain to conflicts with regard to language and word meanings; words carry denotative and connotative Linguistic meanings Barrier Examples: 1. Difference in language. 2. Accent and dialect.  Communication barriers are also known in its other names as noise, barriers, and haywires. Breakdown in communication causes failure in communication pertain to the condition of the human body that affects communication, especially stems from Physiological physical disability Barrier Examples: 1. speech impairment 2. hearing impairment Thank You Communication is sending and receiving symbolic cues Communication is a dynamic process Communication is an interdependent process Communication is a message understood. Communication requires social interaction Communication creates mental images I listen, read, or observe the cue, The message is meant for me and you. Understanding is my ultimate goal, Who am I, playing this vital role? Receiver I’m the bridge that lets things flow, Through me, the words and feelings go. I might be air, a wire, or light, Who am I, in this process bright? Channel I close the loop, I make it clear, Was I understood, did they truly hear?I respond, reply, or nod my head, Who am I, after all is said? Feedback I carry meaning from point to point, With words, ideas, or even a joint. I’m the heart of what’s to be told, Who am I, in the process bold? Message I start the chain with words or sound, Without me, no message can be found. I think, I speak, I lead the way, Who am I, in this communicative play? Speaker A customer sends a message to a company about a defective product and receives a reply after some time. Interactive Students fill out an online survey about their learning experience Linear Members of a school organization brainstorm ideas for a community outreach activity, exchanging thoughts fluidly. Transactional In a language class, students participate in a role-playing exercise, engaging in a conversation as part of the activity. Transactional A poster in a school hallway announces the upcoming Intramurals event, but students cannot give feedback to the poster. Linear A recorded tutorial teaches viewers how to bake a cake without any direct engagement from the audience. Linear A student emails a teacher asking about the deadline for a project, and the teacher replies later with the information. Interactive A shy person hesitates to voice their opinion in a group discussion. Psychological Bright sunlight reflecting on a screen during a presentation makes it difficult to focus. Physical An employee dismisses a suggestion simply because of bias against the speaker. Psychological Teenagers’ use of slang confuses older adults in a conversation. Linguistic An American employee greets a Japanese colleague with a firm handshake, but the Japanese colleague finds it too forceful and would have preferred a bow. Cultural  Breakdowns in communication may arise because of several factors. These factors may be avoided if we follow strategies put forward by experts in the field. By following the 7 Cs of communication we may achieve understanding in communicating with others and avoid confusion and misinterpretations.  The speaker should include everything that the receiver needs to hear, respond, react, or evaluate properly. S/he should be able to convey all pertinent details so the listener or audience will be able to grasp the intended message. The message should be direct or straight to the point and should be expressed in the least possible number of words. Irrelevant information should not be included.  The speaker should give high regard and courtesy to the audience’s background information such as his/her culture, education, religion, status, mood, feelings, and needs. This will result in building rapport or connection with the audience.  Effective communication is backed up by facts, figures, and real-life examples or situations. This will make the receiver understand the message better.  Showing courtesy helps create a positive vibe with the audience. This implies a good choice of words and language on the part of the sender and consideration of the audience’s perspectives. It implies the use of simple and specific words to express ideas. When the speaker focuses on specific ideas, it will not confuse the audience.  Avoiding mistakes in grammar helps to boost the credibility and effectiveness of the message, and at the same time, it eliminates the negative impact on the audience.