Endo Exam PDF

What will an injection of epinephrine do? bronchodilation of airways, Increase your heart rate, decrease your digestive functions What part of the pituitary gland has a connection with the neurons of the hypothalamus? Posterior pituitary Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life? Stero...

What will an injection of epinephrine do? bronchodilation of airways, Increase your heart rate, decrease your digestive functions What part of the pituitary gland has a connection with the neurons of the hypothalamus? Posterior pituitary Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life? Steroid hormone, lipid soluble Why is ADH also called vasopressin? Due to high concentration, what type of action? Increase blood pressure by constriction of blood vessels. Which hormone from the anterior pituitary regulates thyroid hormone levels? TSA What 3 things can regulate hormonal secretion? Hormone, substances, nervous system Name a hormone that is made from cholesterol? Growth Hormone The connecting stalk between the pituitary and hypothalamus is called? Infundibulum What type of chemical messenger will act on nearby cells? Paracrine What hormone would decrease if you had increased plasma levels of cortisol? ACTH T3 and T4 are stored in the parafollicular as which molecule? Thyroglobulin You have a distance runner that twisted their ankle but continued the run, what was the hormone secreted to subdue the perception of pain? Beta Endorphins What hormone would inhibit the secretion of growth hormone? GHIH Growth hormone inhibiting hormone What can stimulate oxytocin release? Suckling of the breast and contraction of uterus If there is a decrease in blood volume that would be released in what type of situation? Low blood pressure, urine output What role does oxytocin play in lactation? Ejection of milk Which hormone is secreted in response to increased osmotic pressure of the body fluids? ADH Which structure carries neurons from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary? Hypothalamic- hypophyseal tract Hormones from which structure controls the secretion of the anterior pituitary? Neurohormones of the Hypothalamus From where to where does the hypothalamo-hypophyseal carry hormones? Hypothalamus to the pituitary What are the 2 functions of the pituitary gland? Neurohypophysis, adenohypophysis What structure regulates the secretary of the pituitary gland? Hypothalamus What deficiency does your patient have if the patient is feeling tired lately after having blood work completed showing elevated TSH, low iodine, low thyroid hormone levels? Lack of iodine After a meal, blood glucose levels rise and stimulate the release of insulin, what type of stimulation is this an example of ? Humoral stimulus Which kind of hormones diffuse easily through the plasma membrane? Hydrophobic Ex: Steroid hormone Where are the receptors for the most lipid soluble hormones located? Nucleus or the Cytoplasm of the target cells Where are the receptors for most soluble hormones located? Plasma membrane of target cells What process produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone? Up- regulation By what mechanism are most hormones regulated? Negative feedback In some forms of diabetes an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present, what does this insensitivity seem to be the result of? Down regulation Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium is released, this is an example controlled by which stimuli? Demerol stimuli Lipid soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water soluble molecules added to their structure. This is called? Conjugation What term do we use for an intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone? Neurohormone What do all hormones have in common? Chemical signals that attach to receptors on the target cell What is the main hormone of the male reproductive system? Testosterone What would adrenal androgens do in females? Pubic Hair, hypertrophy of the clitoris precautions puberty Which hormone stimulates development of follicles in the ovary? Follicle stimulating hormone, FSH What condition does the patient have if they have no height increase, large hands and large tongue? Hepatomegaly If you compare the nervous and endocrine system which one responds quickly and stays active? Endocrine stays longer What happens to hormones with short half-life? Leave body faster If a patient with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus forgets to take their insulin, what would that cause? Hyperglycemia What would increase insulin secretion immediately following their meal? Glycogen Which cells does glucagon primarily influence? Cells of the liver 2 hormones increase and decrease when blood sugar levels decrease. What are those hormones? Glucagon will decrease Which hormones are produced in the islets of Langerhans? Insulin, glucagon, Which cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon? Alpha Cells High blood glucose levels increase which secretion of which hormone? Insulin What condition may be the cause of hypoglycemia, depressed immune system and redistribution of fat from limbs to the face limbs and abdomen? Cushing’s syndrome Which organ has both an endocrine and exocrine function? Pancreas Which hormone has the function of increasing the uptake of glucose by the target cells? Insulin Which hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis? Glucocorticoid Which hormone is secreted by the zona fascicular by the adrenal gland? Cortisol The primary stimulus for the release of adrenal medullary hormones comes from where? Sympathetic nervous system What 3 hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex? Aldosterone, cortisol, antigenic What hormone if injected increases blood pressure? Epinephrine Which endocrine gland are located on top of the kidneys? Adrenal Glands What are the major secreting project of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex? Aldosterone, mineralocorticoids When does the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone increase? Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels, Blood calcium level is too low When does your patient complain of weight gain? Hypothyroidism If your patient shows they have increased metabolic activity and weight loss what condition do they have? Hyperthyroidism What ion is necessary for production? Iodine If your patient presents with exophthalmos, what hormone is secreted in larger quantities? Thyroid hormone What hormone is required for ovulation and formation of the corpus gluten? Luteinizing hormone If there is hypersecretion of growth hormone in a child what is the condition? Gigantism What hormone increase amino acid up-take? Growth hormone What gland is located in the Sella Turcica? Pituitary gland / Hypophysis Which hormone is stored and released in the posterior pituitary? ADH and Oxytocin What happens to urine volume when urine volume decreases? Increases Which hormone would be affected if fluid intake increases dramatically over a short time frame? ANP decreases Which hormones are synthesized by the hypothalamus? all of the inhibiting and releasing hormones / oxytocin/ ADH What hormone is sometimes given to women to induce labor? Oxytocin What is the role of cyclic AMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator? Activates protein kinase What is the regulatory protein associated with membrane bound receptor molecules, it has 3 subunits? G protein What type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it? Autocrine