Podcast
Questions and Answers
What will an injection of epinephrine do?
What will an injection of epinephrine do?
Bronchodilation of airways, increase your heart rate, decrease your digestive functions.
What part of the pituitary gland has a connection with the neurons of the hypothalamus?
What part of the pituitary gland has a connection with the neurons of the hypothalamus?
Posterior pituitary
Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?
Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?
Steroid hormone, lipid soluble
Why is ADH also called vasopressin? Due to high concentration, what type of action?
Why is ADH also called vasopressin? Due to high concentration, what type of action?
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Which hormone from the anterior pituitary regulates thyroid hormone levels?
Which hormone from the anterior pituitary regulates thyroid hormone levels?
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What 3 things can regulate hormonal secretion?
What 3 things can regulate hormonal secretion?
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Name a hormone that is made from cholesterol?
Name a hormone that is made from cholesterol?
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The connecting stalk between the pituitary and hypothalamus is called?
The connecting stalk between the pituitary and hypothalamus is called?
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What type of chemical messenger will act on nearby cells?
What type of chemical messenger will act on nearby cells?
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What hormone would decrease if you had increased plasma levels of cortisol?
What hormone would decrease if you had increased plasma levels of cortisol?
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T3 and T4 are stored in the parafollicular as which molecule?
T3 and T4 are stored in the parafollicular as which molecule?
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You have a distance runner that twisted their ankle but continued the run, what was the hormone secreted to subdue the perception of pain?
You have a distance runner that twisted their ankle but continued the run, what was the hormone secreted to subdue the perception of pain?
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What hormone would inhibit the secretion of growth hormone?
What hormone would inhibit the secretion of growth hormone?
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What can stimulate oxytocin release?
What can stimulate oxytocin release?
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If there is a decrease in blood volume that would be released in what type of situation?
If there is a decrease in blood volume that would be released in what type of situation?
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What role does oxytocin play in lactation?
What role does oxytocin play in lactation?
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Which hormone is secreted in response to increased osmotic pressure of the body fluids?
Which hormone is secreted in response to increased osmotic pressure of the body fluids?
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Which structure carries neurons from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary?
Which structure carries neurons from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary?
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Hormones from which structure controls the secretion of the anterior pituitary?
Hormones from which structure controls the secretion of the anterior pituitary?
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From where to where does the hypothalamo-hypophyseal carry hormones?
From where to where does the hypothalamo-hypophyseal carry hormones?
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What are the 2 functions of the pituitary gland?
What are the 2 functions of the pituitary gland?
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What structure regulates the secretary of the pituitary gland?
What structure regulates the secretary of the pituitary gland?
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What deficiency does your patient have if the patient is feeling tired lately after having blood work completed showing elevated TSH, low iodine, low thyroid hormone levels?
What deficiency does your patient have if the patient is feeling tired lately after having blood work completed showing elevated TSH, low iodine, low thyroid hormone levels?
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After a meal, blood glucose levels rise and stimulate the release of insulin, what type of stimulation is this an example of?
After a meal, blood glucose levels rise and stimulate the release of insulin, what type of stimulation is this an example of?
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Which kind of hormones diffuse easily through the plasma membrane?
Which kind of hormones diffuse easily through the plasma membrane?
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Where are the receptors for the most lipid soluble hormones located?
Where are the receptors for the most lipid soluble hormones located?
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Where are the receptors for most soluble hormones located?
Where are the receptors for most soluble hormones located?
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What process produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone?
What process produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone?
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By what mechanism are most hormones regulated?
By what mechanism are most hormones regulated?
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In some forms of diabetes an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present, what does this insensitivity seem to be the result of?
In some forms of diabetes an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present, what does this insensitivity seem to be the result of?
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Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium is released, this is an example controlled by which stimuli?
Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium is released, this is an example controlled by which stimuli?
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Lipid soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water soluble molecules added to their structure. This is called?
Lipid soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water soluble molecules added to their structure. This is called?
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What term do we use for an intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone?
What term do we use for an intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone?
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What do all hormones have in common?
What do all hormones have in common?
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What is the main hormone of the male reproductive system?
What is the main hormone of the male reproductive system?
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What would adrenal androgens do in females?
What would adrenal androgens do in females?
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Which hormone stimulates development of follicles in the ovary?
Which hormone stimulates development of follicles in the ovary?
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What condition does the patient have if they have no height increase, large hands and large tongue?
What condition does the patient have if they have no height increase, large hands and large tongue?
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If you compare the nervous and endocrine system which one responds quickly and stays active?
If you compare the nervous and endocrine system which one responds quickly and stays active?
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What happens to hormones with short half-life?
What happens to hormones with short half-life?
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If a patient with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus forgets to take their insulin, what would that cause?
If a patient with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus forgets to take their insulin, what would that cause?
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What would increase insulin secretion immediately following their meal?
What would increase insulin secretion immediately following their meal?
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Which cells does glucagon primarily influence?
Which cells does glucagon primarily influence?
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2 hormones increase and decrease when blood sugar levels decrease. What are those hormones?
2 hormones increase and decrease when blood sugar levels decrease. What are those hormones?
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Which hormones are produced in the islets of Langerhans?
Which hormones are produced in the islets of Langerhans?
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Which cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon?
Which cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon?
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High blood glucose levels increase which secretion of which hormone?
High blood glucose levels increase which secretion of which hormone?
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What condition may be the cause of hypoglycemia, depressed immune system and redistribution of fat from limbs to the face limbs and abdomen?
What condition may be the cause of hypoglycemia, depressed immune system and redistribution of fat from limbs to the face limbs and abdomen?
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Which organ has both an endocrine and exocrine function?
Which organ has both an endocrine and exocrine function?
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Which hormone has the function of increasing the uptake of glucose by the target cells?
Which hormone has the function of increasing the uptake of glucose by the target cells?
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Which hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis?
Which hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis?
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Which hormone is secreted by the zona fascicular by the adrenal gland?
Which hormone is secreted by the zona fascicular by the adrenal gland?
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The primary stimulus for the release of adrenal medullary hormones comes from where?
The primary stimulus for the release of adrenal medullary hormones comes from where?
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What 3 hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex?
What 3 hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex?
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What hormone if injected increases blood pressure?
What hormone if injected increases blood pressure?
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Which endocrine gland are located on top of the kidneys?
Which endocrine gland are located on top of the kidneys?
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What are the major secreting project of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex?
What are the major secreting project of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex?
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When does the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone increase?
When does the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone increase?
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When does patient complain of weight gain?
When does patient complain of weight gain?
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Your patient shows they have increased metabolic activity and weight loss what condition do they have?
Your patient shows they have increased metabolic activity and weight loss what condition do they have?
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What ion is necessary for production?
What ion is necessary for production?
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If your patient presents with exophthalmos, what hormone is secreted in larger quantities?
If your patient presents with exophthalmos, what hormone is secreted in larger quantities?
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What hormone is required for ovulation and formation of the corpus gluten?
What hormone is required for ovulation and formation of the corpus gluten?
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If there is hypersecretion of growth hormone in a child what is the condition?
If there is hypersecretion of growth hormone in a child what is the condition?
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What hormone increase amino acid up-take?
What hormone increase amino acid up-take?
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What gland is located in the Sella Turcica?
What gland is located in the Sella Turcica?
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Which hormone is stored and released in the posterior pituitary?
Which hormone is stored and released in the posterior pituitary?
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What happens to urine volume when urine volume decreases?
What happens to urine volume when urine volume decreases?
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Which hormone would be affected if fluid intake increases dramatically over a short time frame?
Which hormone would be affected if fluid intake increases dramatically over a short time frame?
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Which hormones are synthesized by the hypothalamus?
Which hormones are synthesized by the hypothalamus?
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What hormone is sometimes given to women to induce labor?
What hormone is sometimes given to women to induce labor?
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What is the role of cyclic AMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator?
What is the role of cyclic AMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator?
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What is the regulatory protein associated with membrane bound receptor molecules, it has 3 subunits?
What is the regulatory protein associated with membrane bound receptor molecules, it has 3 subunits?
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What type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it?
What type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it?
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Flashcards
Epinephrine effects
Epinephrine effects
Increases heart rate, bronchodilation, decreases digestive functions.
Posterior pituitary
Posterior pituitary
Part of the pituitary connected to hypothalamus' neurons.
Steroid hormones
Steroid hormones
Hormones that are lipid soluble and have a longer half-life.
ADH
ADH
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TSH
TSH
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Hormonal secretion regulation
Hormonal secretion regulation
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Infundibulum
Infundibulum
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Paracrine
Paracrine
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Cortisol effect
Cortisol effect
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Thyroglobulin
Thyroglobulin
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Beta Endorphins
Beta Endorphins
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GHIH
GHIH
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Oxytocin release
Oxytocin release
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Low blood pressure response
Low blood pressure response
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Oxytocin role in lactation
Oxytocin role in lactation
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Neurohormones
Neurohormones
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Up-regulation
Up-regulation
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Negative feedback
Negative feedback
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Insulin function
Insulin function
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Glucagon influence
Glucagon influence
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Cushing's syndrome effects
Cushing's syndrome effects
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Pancreas function
Pancreas function
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Testosterone
Testosterone
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FSH
FSH
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ADH and Oxytocin storage
ADH and Oxytocin storage
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Growth hormone effects
Growth hormone effects
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ANP
ANP
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Cyclic AMP role
Cyclic AMP role
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G protein
G protein
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Autocrine
Autocrine
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Zona glomerulosa
Zona glomerulosa
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Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
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Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism
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Study Notes
Hormone Actions and Regulation
- Epinephrine causes bronchodilation, increased heart rate, and decreased digestive function.
- The posterior pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus's neurons.
- Lipid-soluble hormones (steroid hormones) have longer half-lives.
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is also called vasopressin, increasing blood pressure by constricting blood vessels.
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary controls thyroid hormone levels.
- Hormone secretion is regulated by hormones, substances, and the nervous system.
- Growth hormone is made from cholesterol.
- The infundibulum connects the pituitary and hypothalamus.
- Paracrine messengers act on nearby cells.
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decreases if cortisol levels are high.
- Thyroglobulin is the molecule where T3 and T4 are stored in parafollicular cells.
- Beta-endorphins are secreted to reduce pain perception in injury cases.
- Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) inhibits growth hormone secretion.
- Oxytocin release is stimulated by breastfeeding and uterine contractions.
- Low blood pressure and decreased urine output trigger the release of hormones in response to decreased blood volume.
- Oxytocin causes milk ejection during lactation.
Pituitary Gland and Function
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released in response to increased body fluid osmotic pressure.
- The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract carries neurons from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary.
- Neurohormones from the hypothalamus regulate the anterior pituitary's secretion.
- Hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the pituitary via the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract.
- The pituitary gland has two functions: neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis.
- The hypothalamus controls pituitary secretion.
- Iodine deficiency causes low thyroid hormone levels and fatigue.
- Humoral stimulation is triggered by changes in blood glucose levels, leading to insulin release.
- Steroid hormones easily pass through the plasma membrane.
- Receptors for lipid-soluble hormones are in the nucleus or cytoplasm of target cells.
- Receptors for water-soluble hormones are on the plasma membrane.
- Increased target cell sensitivity to hormones is called up-regulation.
- Hormone regulation commonly occurs through negative feedback loops.
- Insulin insensitivity can result from downregulation in some cases of diabetes.
Various Hormonal Functions
- Parathyroid hormone regulates calcium levels.
- Hormones are transported easily after water-soluble molecules are conjugated.
- Neurohormones are chemical signals produced by neurons with hormonal function.
- Testosterone is the primary male reproductive hormone.
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates follicle development in the ovaries.
- Large hands and tongue, and lack of height increase indicate Hepatomegaly
- Short-lived hormones leave the body quickly.
- Insulin deficiency can cause hyperglycemia .
- Glucagon primarily affects liver cells.
- Glucagon and insulin have opposing roles in blood sugar regulation.
- Alpha cells in the pancreas secrete glucagon.
- Cushing's syndrome is characterized by high blood glucose, depressed immunity, and fat redistribution.
- The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
- Insulin increases glucose uptake into target cells.
- Glucocorticoids, like cortisol, stimulate gluconeogenesis.
- The sympathetic nervous system triggers adrenal medullary hormone release.
- The adrenal cortex secretes three hormones: aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens.
- Epinephrine increases blood pressure.
- Adrenal glands are located atop the kidneys.
- Aldosterone is produced in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex.
- Parathyroid hormone increases when blood calcium is low.
- Hypothyroidism causes weight gain.
Hormonal Regulation & Effects
- Increased metabolic rate and weight loss indicate hyperthyroidism.
- Iodine is needed for thyroid hormone production.
- Thyroid hormone is crucial for ovulation and corpus luteum formation
- Gigantism results from excessive growth hormone in children.
- Growth hormone increases amino acid uptake.
- ADH and oxytocin are stored and released in the posterior pituitary.
- ANP decreases when fluid intake rapidly increases.
- Oxytocin is sometimes used to induce labor.
- Cyclic AMP activates protein kinase.
- G protein is a regulatory protein associated with membrane receptors.
- Autocrine signaling involves a hormone stimulating the cell that secreted it.
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Description
This quiz covers the roles and mechanisms of various hormones in the human body. Questions will explore topics such as hormone secretion, regulation, and specific functions of key hormones like epinephrine, ADH, and TSH. Test your knowledge on how hormones influence physiological processes.
