Endangered Culture PDF

II- The endangered pacific A- Pacific Ocean pollution 30% of pollution CO2 (carbon dioxide) is being absorbed by the ocean (since the beginning of industrialisation) plastic pollutes the most the ocean > seabirds, sea turtles, seals + fish ingest it / get entangled in it. > Un st...

II- The endangered pacific A- Pacific Ocean pollution 30% of pollution CO2 (carbon dioxide) is being absorbed by the ocean (since the beginning of industrialisation) plastic pollutes the most the ocean > seabirds, sea turtles, seals + fish ingest it / get entangled in it. > Un study : 35 % of fish tested had plastic in their stomachs Per person, we ad 3kg of plastic to the sea, per year More than 40% of the ocean is affected by human activities ( waste disposal, chemicals, overexploitation of marine resources, urbanisation, modification of the coast) 13% of the total surface area of all the oceans is untouched B- Coral and ocean acidification surface water temperature has increased by + 0,9° in 50 years > now + 0,06 per year > average temperature : 21,1° in 2023 Coral bleaching : Symbiodinium algae live in corals, but, they get stressed because of heat. Because they are stressed, they produce excess toxic chemical. So corals, expel them but then the corals become bleached and starved. Ocean acidification : > More CO2 + ocean warming = disrupted seawater balance > more acid / less carbonates. > Ocean acidification is a modified seawater’s chemical balance + increasing ++++ > Ocean acidification starts when carbon dioxide (CO2) from burning fossil fuels gets into the ocean. The ocean absorbs CO2 through wave action. Once in the water, CO2 mixes with water to form carbonic acid. This acid then splits into two parts: bicarbonate (HCO3-) and hydrogen ions (H+). The carbonate (CO3-) in the ocean, which is important for animals to make their shells, combines more easily with hydrogen ions (H+) than with calcium (Ca). Because of this, animals can’t use the carbonate to make their shells properly. C- Habitat Loss coral reefs are a habitat > protect coastlines > provide a habitat for many plant + animal species > provide recreation + jobs > 20% have been lost in the last 20years > 50% of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef is dead + other 50% in danger of disappearing due to acidification + bleaching Mangroves are a Habitat > protect coastal areas form storms > soak up CO2 > provide a home for fish > 35% have been lost Seagrass (herbier marin) is a habitat > stabilises the sea bottom > provides food + habitat for marine organisms > maintains water quality by soaking up CO2 and releasing 02 > 29% has been lost Habitat loss = weakening of marine biodiversity D- Overfishing Future hope lies with marine protected areas Most overfishing is unregulated, illegal, unreported