Theories of 2nd Language Acquisition PDF

OF 2ND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AGENDA 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 The Acquisition-Learning Distinction 4 The Natural Order of Hypothesis STEPHEN KRASHEN 1941-PRESENT Educational Researcher & Activist American...

OF 2ND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AGENDA 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 The Acquisition-Learning Distinction 4 The Natural Order of Hypothesis STEPHEN KRASHEN 1941-PRESENT Educational Researcher & Activist American Linguist & Professor of Education WHY DID HE DESIGN THE THEORIES OF THE 2ND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION? REMEMBER: 2 IMPORTANT WAYS TO LEARN LANGUAGE: Hearing and Understanding it in a way that's just a little more advanced than your current level. Feeling relaxed and comfortable while learning  WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND LANGUAGE LEARNING? The Acquisition-Learning Distinction Hypothesis BY: STEPHEN KRASHEN  the most fundamental of all the hypotheses in Krashen's theory and the most widely known among linguists and language ACQUISITION-LEARNING DISTINCTION practitioners. HYPOTHESIS  ADULTS HAVE TWO DIFFERENT WAYS TO DEVELOP COMPETENCE IN A LANGUAGE: ACQUISITION LEARNING Acquisition of language is Learning a language involves a subconscious process formal instruction and is and the learner is therefore a conscious unaware of the process process. New language taking place. This is forms are represented and analogous to the way in possibly contrasted which children learn their consciously by the learner as native language. "rules" and "grammar".  ACQUISITION LEARNING IMPLICIT, SUBCONSCIOUS EXPLICIT, CONSCIOUS INFORMAL SITUATIONS FORMAL SITUATIONS THE GRAMMATICAL “FEEL” USES GRAMMATICAL RULES DEPENDS ON ATTITUDE DEPENDS ON APTITUDE STABLE ORDER OF SIMPLE TO COMPLEX ACQUISITION ORDER OF LEARNING REMEMBER: The acquisition-learning distinction hypothesis claims that adults do not lose the ability to acquire languages the way that children do. Just as research shows that error correction has little effect on children learning a first language, so too error correction has little affect on language acquisition. APPLICATION FOR TEACHING According to this theory, the optimal way a language is learned is through natural communication. As a second language teacher, the ideal is to create a situation wherein language is used in order to fulfill authentic purposes. This in turn, will help students to ‘acquire’ the language instead of just ‘learning’ it. The Natural Order Hypothesis BY: STEPHEN KRASHEN NATURAL ORDER HYPOTHESIS This hypothesis suggests that when learning a new language, individuals acquire grammatical structures in a predictable sequence, akin to how children learn their first language. Notably, this process occurs naturally, meaning that learners move through stages of understanding without direct grammar instruction influencing the order of their learning. WHAT IS THE LIMITATION? NATURAL ORDER H. The hypothesis's inability to fully account for individual differences in learning styles and the role of explicit instruction. WHAT IS THIS PROCESS?  COMPREHENSIBLE INITIAL EXPOSURE INPUT STAGE-BY-STAGE ERROR PATTERNS PROGRESSION GRADUAL MASTERY REMEMBER: Each learner progresses at their own pace; while the stages of acquisition are predictable, individual differences—such as motivation, background knowledge, and exposure to the language—can significantly influence how quickly and effectively someone learns. This underscores the importance of providing personalized, engaging learning experiences that cater to diverse needs. THANKS FOR