EKG Changes: Electrolytes (K and Ca) PDF
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Summary
This document examines electrolyte imbalances, specifically potassium (K) and calcium (Ca), and their resulting changes in electrocardiograms (EKGs). It presents the EKG changes associated with Hypokalemia, Hypocalcemia, Hyperkalemia, and Hypercalcemia and includes accompanying diagrams.
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ELECTROLYTES WITH EKG CHANGES (K and Ca) Terms to Know Definition Ion Atom or molecule with a net electric charge...
ELECTROLYTES WITH EKG CHANGES (K and Ca) Terms to Know Definition Ion Atom or molecule with a net electric charge Cation Positively charged ion (+) “Cats are positive” Anion Negatively charged ion (-) Electrolyte Ions found in the body Potassium Calcium GI Loss, Loop Hypocalcemia Blood Transfusions - (K+) 3.5 - Hypokalemia (Ca 2+) 8.5 - Citrate Chelation 5 mEq/L Diuretics 10.5 mEq/L Depressed ST Wave Hyperphosphatemia "U" Wave Metabolic Alkalosis Flat, prolonged ST PVC, vfib, VTACH Segment, Decreased CO, Hypotension Hypercalcemia Hyperparathyroid, Hyperkalemia Tall "T" wave Bone Tumors, Hypomagnesmia Widened QRS Increased contractility of the heart Rhabdo, Tumor Lysis, Renal Failure Very short or nonexistent ST Slowed Ventricular segment. T wave close Depolarization to QRS *Calcium is a cation that moves into cells to cause contraction – moves into cells following depolarization. Hypocalcemia seen in ST Segment. *Potassium affects repolarization AND depolarization as seen with wave forms (Hypokalemia is delayed ventricular repolarization. Hyperkalemia is delayed ventricular depolarization/contraction)
