JC HBHD 2 Week 1 Chapter 21 Fluid and Electrolytes

What is the approximate total body water volume in liters for a healthy, nonobese 70-kg male?

How does fat content affect total body water?

What is the approximate percentage of body weight attributed to water in a newborn infant?

Which of the following factors contributes to the variation in total body water?

Which of the following is not a body fluid compartment?

What is the underlying cause of water intoxication?

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of electrolytes?

What is pitting edema?

Which hormone plays a key role in restoring normal extracellular fluid volume?

What is a cation?

What is the main cause of hypernatremia?

A patient presents with skeletal muscle weakness, paralysis, and cardiac arrest. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely present?

Which of the following conditions can cause hypocalcemia?

What is the primary symptom associated with both hypernatremia and hyponatremia?

A patient with a history of prolonged diarrhea is suspected of having an electrolyte imbalance. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to be present?

Which condition is characterized by increased neuromuscular irritability, including cramping, muscle twitching, and hyperactive reflexes?

Which of the following is NOT a cause of hyperkalemia?

Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with the use of certain laxatives and diuretics?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in fluid balance?

Which fluid compartment contains the largest volume of water in the human body?

What is the primary function of aldosterone in regulating fluid balance?

How does increased capillary blood pressure influence fluid movement in the body?

What is the primary source of metabolic water in the body?

Which of the following is NOT a direct contributor to fluid output in the human body?

How does the body compensate for inadequate fluid intake when thirst sensation is not triggered?

Which of the following statements best describes the concept of dehydration?

A patient's electrolyte panel reveals a potassium level of 6.2 mEq/L. Which EKG change would you most likely observe?

Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause the EKG abnormality of a flattened or prolonged ST segment?

A patient undergoing a blood transfusion develops hypocalcemia. What is the most likely cause of this electrolyte imbalance in this scenario?

Which EKG change is most closely associated with hypokalemia?

A patient with a history of bone tumors is admitted. Which electrolyte imbalance is the patient most at risk for?

Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is most likely associated with a widened QRS complex on an EKG?

A patient presents with increased cardiac contractility and a very short ST segment on their EKG. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely?

A patient is diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to occur as a direct result of this condition?

A patient's serum sodium level is reported as 150 mEq/L. Which of the following conditions is the patient most likely experiencing?

Which of the following physiological processes is directly dependent on sodium ions?

If a patient is diagnosed with hyponatremia, which of the following would be the expected serum sodium level?

The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining sodium balance in the body. How do the kidneys primarily regulate sodium levels?

How does sodium contribute to the regulation of fluid balance in the body?