JC HBHD 2 Week 1 Chapter 21 Fluid and Electrolytes

<p>Gender (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood serum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive intake of water without sufficient electrolyte replenishment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They include compounds like glucose. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swelling caused by high interstitial fluid volume, where depressions in the skin do not rapidly refill. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aldosterone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A positively charged ion like potassium (K+) or sodium (Na+). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A relative deficit of water to salt in extracellular fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperkalemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancreatitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central nervous system malfunction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypernatremia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypocalcemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypokalemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ADH is released from the posterior pituitary gland when ECF volume is low, promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intracellular fluid (ICF) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aldosterone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water, decreasing urine output and increasing ECF volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased capillary blood pressure promotes fluid movement from the bloodstream into the interstitial fluid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body conserves available fluids by decreasing saliva production and fluid output. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehydration occurs only when fluid output exceeds intake for an extended period. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Total body water varies by weight, fat, gender, and age.

Body fluids are divided into plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid.

The body uses several mechanisms to maintain fluid balance.

Electrolytes are vital for many body functions, including fluid balance.

Fluid imbalances can lead to dehydration or overhydration.

A condition where fluid intake exceeds output, leading to excess body fluid volume.

Severe overhydration causing potentially life-threatening neurological impairment and electrolyte imbalance.

Compounds that dissociate in water into ions, essential for body fluid balance.

Positively charged ions, such as potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+).

Swelling from high interstitial fluid volume; persists when pressure is applied to the skin.

Disruption in homeostatic control of electrolyte levels in body fluids.

Blood sodium level greater than 145 mEq/L; water deficit relative to salt in ECF.

Blood sodium level less than 136 mEq/L; too much water for sodium in ECF.

Blood potassium level more than 5.1 mEq/L, causing muscle malfunction.

Blood potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L, causing cardiac and skeletal issues.

Blood calcium levels exceeding 10.5 mg/dL; leads to decreased neuromuscular activity.

Blood calcium levels less than 8.4 mg/dL; causes increased neuromuscular irritability.

Headache, confusion, seizures, and coma from sodium imbalances.

The fluid that surrounds cells and transports substances.

The largest fluid compartment located inside cells.

Ways the body gains fluid: drinking liquids, food, and metabolism.

Ways the body loses fluid: respiration, sweating, urine, and feces.

A hormone that conserves water during low ECF volume.

Condition where total body fluid volume is less than normal.

High blood pressure moves fluid from blood to interstitial fluid.

Hypothalamus signals thirst when ECF volume changes.