EDIE 1111 Notes on Quranic and Prophetic Texts PDF

Notes _____________________________________________ EDIE 1111 QURANIC AND PROPHETIC TEXTS _____________________________________________ 154 TOPIC 1: AMANAH (TRUST/RESPONSIBILITY) Definition of Amanah Amanah (‫ )األمانة‬in Arabic means trust, responsibility, or obligation. In Islamic terminology, Amanah refers to any duty, responsibility, or trust placed upon an individual by Allah, society, or fellow humans. The Quranic Perspective on Amanah 1. Al-Baqarah 2:283 َ ‫ج ُدو ۟ا كَاتِ ۭ ًبا َفر َ ِٰه ۭ ٌن َّم ْق ُب‬ ۖ ‫وض ٌۭة‬ ِ ‫ى َسفَ ٍر َو َل ْم َت‬ ٰ ‫َو ِإن كُن ُت ْم َع َل‬ 4 ‫ك ُت ُمو ۟ا ٱلشَّ َ ٰه َد ۚ َة‬ ۡ ‫ضا َف ْل ُيَؤ ِّد ٱ لَّ ِذى ۡٱؤتُ ِم َن َأ َ ٰمنَ َت ُهۥ َو ْل َيتَّقِ ٱلل َّ َه َربَّ ُهۥ ۗ َواَل َت‬ “If you are on a journey and cannot find a scribe, then let there be a pledge taken. But if one of you entrusts another, then let him who is entrusted discharge his trust (Amanah) faithfully, ُ ‫َِإن َأ ِم َن َب ْع‬ ُ ‫ض‬ ًۭ ‫كم َب ْع‬ ْ ‫ف‬ 15 and let him be conscious of Allah, his Lord…” Ibn Kathir’s Interpretation: This verse emphasizes the importance of fulfilling trusts and being honest in financial transactions, especially when documenting debts. Ibn Kathir explains that Allah commands believers to write down debts and agreements to avoid disputes and ensure fairness. The verse highlights the gravity of trust (Amanah) and warns against betraying it, as it is a responsibility before Allah. Example: A person borrows money from a friend without a written contract. Islam commands him to honestly return the amount even without legal proof. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 1 2. Al-Ahzab 33:72 ِ ‫ج َب‬ ‫ال‬ ِ ‫ٱلس َ ٰم َ ٰو‬ ِ ‫ت َوٱَأْل ْرضِ َوٱ ْل‬ َّ ‫ض َنا ٱَأْل َمانَ َة َع َلى‬ ْ ‫ِإنَّا َع َر‬ ‫ج ُهواًۭل‬ َ ‫َان‬ ً ۭ ‫ظ ُل‬ َ ‫وما‬ َ ‫نس ُن ۖ ِإنَّ ُهۥ ك‬ َ ‫ح ِم ْل َن َها َوَأ ْشفَ ْق َن ِم ْن َها َو‬ ٰ َ ‫ح َم َل َها ٱِإْل‬ ْ ‫َفَأ َب ْي َن َأن َي‬ “Indeed, We offered the Trust (Amanah) to the heavens, the earth, and the mountains, and they declined to bear it and feared it; but man [undertook to] bear it. Indeed, he was unjust and ignorant.” Ibn Kathir’s Interpretation: Ibn Kathir explains that this verse refers to the “trust” (Amanah) offered to the heavens, earth, and mountains, but they refused to bear it due to its weight. Humanity accepted it, but many fail to uphold it. The Amanah here refers to the responsibilities of faith, obedience to Allah, and moral accountability. Betraying this trust leads to injustice and corruption. 4 Example: A person holding a leadership position has an Amanah to serve justly and ethically 15 3. Al-Nisa’ 4:58 ِ ٰ ٰ ‫َأْل‬ ‫ْأ‬ ‫ك ُمو ۟ا بِٱ ْل َع ْد ِل‬ ُ ‫ح‬ َ ‫ى َأ ْه ِل َها ۖ َو ِإذَا‬ َ ‫ح‬ ْ ‫ك ْم ُتم َب ْي َن ٱلنَّاسِ َأن َت‬ ٰ ٓ ‫ِإن ٱلل َّ َه َي ُم ُرك ُْم َأن تَُؤ ُّدوا ٱ َم َنت ِإ َل‬ َّ “Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts (Amanah) to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice.” Ibn Kathir’s Interpretation: This verse commands believers to return trusts to their rightful owners and to judge with justice. Amanah includes all responsibilities in governance, business, or personal dealings. Upholding trust is a sign of true faith, and betraying it is a grave sin. Example: A judge must remain neutral and fair, upholding Amanah in legal cases. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 2 TOPIC 2: KAZM AL-GHAIZ (RESTRAINING ANGER) Definition of Kazm al-Ghaiz Kazm (‫ )كظم‬means “to suppress or swallow.” Ghaiz (‫ )غيظ‬means "anger or intense rage." Thus, Kazm al-Ghaiz refers to swallowing one’s anger and not allowing it to dictate one's actions. The term Kazm al-Ghaiz (‫ )كظم الغيظ‬in Arabic means “restraining anger” and refers to controlling one's emotions rather than acting on them impulsively. It is an essential Islamic virtue, emphasizing patience (sabr) and self-control in dealing with frustration, provocation, and hostility. Quranic Perspective on Kazm al-Ghaiz 41. Ali-Imran 3:134 ‫ين‬ ِ ِ ْ ‫حب ا ْل ُم‬ َ ‫حسن‬ ِ ُّ ‫ين َع ِن النَّاسِ ۗ َوالل َّ ُه ُي‬ ِ َ ‫ين ا ْلغ َْي‬ َ ‫ظ َوا ْل َعاف‬ ِ ِ َ ‫اء َوا ْل‬ َ ‫كاظم‬ “Those who spend (in the cause of Allah) during ease and hardship and those who restrain ِ ‫الضر‬ ِ ِ َ ُ‫نفق‬ َّ ‫ون في‬ َّ َّ ‫الس َّراء َو‬ ِ ‫اللَّ ِذين ُي‬ َ 15 anger and who pardon the people – and Allah loves the doers of good.” Tafsir Ibn Kathir’s Interpretation Controlling anger is a sign of piety and a characteristic of the righteous. It reflects strength of character and a desire to please Allah by maintaining good conduct even in difficult situations. Ibn Kathir explains that controlling anger is a sign of Taqwa. He references a hadith where the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬advised a man repeatedly, “Do not become angry.” Forgiving others – Ibn Kathir connects this to Allah’s mercy and love for those who forgive. Example: During the Conquest of Makkah, the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬had the power to punish those who persecuted him, yet he forgave them, showing restraint. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 3 2. Al-Nahl 16:58 ‫يم‬ ِ ‫ج ُه ُهۥ ُمسو ًّدا َو ُهو ك‬ ٌ ‫َظ‬ ْ ‫ل َو‬ َ ‫ح ُد ُهم بِٱُأْلن َثى‬ َّ ‫ظ‬ َ ‫َو ِإذَا ُبشِّ َر َأ‬ َ َ ْ ٰ “And when one of them is informed of (the birth of) a female, his face becomes dark, and he suppresses his grief.” Tafsir Ibn Kathir’s Interpretation This verse condemns the pre-Islamic practice of burying infant girls alive out of anger or shame. Ibn Kathir highlights the importance of controlling anger and passion, as these emotions can lead to grave injustices. True believers must rise above such base instincts and act with compassion and justice. Example: Many modern-day injustices provoke anger (e.g., discrimination, abuse), but Islam 4 teaches responding with wisdom, not rage. 3. Al-Qalam 68:48 15 ُ ‫ك‬ ‫ظو ٌم‬ ْ ‫ادىٰ َو ُه َو َم‬ ْ ‫وت‬ َ ‫ِإذ َن‬ ِ ‫ح‬ ُ ‫ب ٱ ْل‬ ِ ‫َص‬ ِ ‫اح‬ ُ ‫ك َواَل َت‬ َ ‫كن ك‬ َ ِّ‫م َرب‬ ِ ‫ك‬ ُ ِ ‫َٱص ِب ْر ل‬ ْ ‫ح‬ ْ ‫ف‬ “So be patient with your Lord’s decree, and do not be like the companion of the fish (Prophet Yunus) who cried out while he was distressed.” Tafsir Ibn Kathir’s Interpretation This verse advises Prophet Muhammad PBUH to be patient and not to act out of anger or frustration, as Prophet Yunus did when he left his people in anger. Ibn Kathir explains that controlling anger and trusting Allah’s plan is essential for believers, as acting impulsively can lead to regret. Example: For Workplace Conflict, Quitting impulsively out of anger can lead to job loss and financial instability. In Relationships, Responding angrily in arguments damages bonds. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 4 TOPIC 3: AL-HAZR (CAUTION) Definition of al-Hazr (‫)الحذر‬ The term al-Hazr in Arabic means “caution, prudence, or vigilance.” It refers to the careful and wise approach a person takes in avoiding harm, deception, or wrongdoing in various aspects of life, including faith, personal interactions, legal matters, and societal issues. Quranic Perspective on al-Hazr 1. Al-Baqarah 2:235 ِ ٰ ‫ك ْم س َت ْذكُرو َن ُهن و َلـ‬ ِ ِ ُ‫ك َنن ُت ْم فِى َأنف‬ ْ ‫ض ُتم بِ ِهۦ ِم ْن ِخ‬ ْ ‫طب َِة ٱلنِّ َسٓا ِء َأ ْو َأ‬ ِ ُ ‫اح َع َلي‬ ُ ‫َواَل‬ ‫كن‬ َ َّ ُ َ ُ َّ‫ك ْم ۚ َعل َم ٱلل َّ ُه َأن‬ ُ ‫س‬ ٓ ْ ‫يما َع َّر‬ َ ‫ك ْم ف‬ ْ َ ‫ج َن‬ ِ َ ِّ‫وه َّن ِس ۭ ًّرا ِإٓاَّل َأن َتقُ ولُو ۟ا ق َْواًۭل َّم ْع ُرو ۭ ًفا ۚ َواَل َت ْعز ُِمو ۟ا ُع ْق َد َة ٱلن‬ ِ ‫اَّل تُو‬ ‫ٱع َل ُم ٓو ۟ا َأ َّن ٱلل َّ َه‬ ْ ‫ج َل ُهۥ ۚ َو‬ ُ ٰ ‫ى ي َْب ُل َغ ٱ ْلك َتـ‬ َ ‫ب َأ‬ ٰ َّ‫حت‬َ ‫اح‬ِ ‫ك‬ ُ ‫اع ُد‬ َ 4 ٌ ۭ ‫ح ِل‬ ‫يم‬ َ ‫ور‬ “And there is no blame upon you for indirectly proposing to [these] women or for concealing [the proposal] within yourselves. Allah knows that you will think about them. But do not ْ ‫َٱح َذ ُرو ُه ۚ َو‬ ٌ ُ‫ٱع َل ُم ٓو ۟ا َأ َّن ٱلل َّ َه َغف‬ ْ ‫ك ْم ف‬ ِ ُ‫َي ْع َل ُم َما فِى َأنف‬ ُ ‫س‬ ٓ 15 promise them secretly except in an honorable manner, and do not determine to undertake a marriage contract until the decreed term reaches its end. And know that Allah knows what is in your hearts, so beware of Him. And know that Allah is Forgiving and Forbearing.” Tafsir Ibn Kathir This verse advises caution in matters of marriage and relationships. Ibn Kathir explains that believers should not make explicit proposals until the waiting period (Iddah) is over, as this could lead to misunderstandings or harm. Being careful and restraint are necessary to maintain dignity and avoid sin. Example: A Muslim businessman must be cautious of unethical dealings to avoid Allah’s displeasure. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 5 2. Ali-Imran 3:28 ‫س ِم َن ٱلل َّ ِه فِى َش ْى ٍء ِإٓاَّل َأن تَتَّقُ و ۟ا ِم ْن ُه ْم‬ َ ِ ‫ين ۖ َو َمن َي ْف َع ْل َ ٰذل‬ َ ‫ك َف َل ْي‬ ِِ ِ ‫ِين َأ ْو ل ِ َيٓا َء ِمن ُد‬ َ ‫ون ٱ ْل ُمْؤ من‬ َ ‫خ ِذ ٱ ْل ُمْؤ ِم ُن‬ ِ َ ‫ون ٱ ْل‬ َ ‫كـٰفر‬ ِ َّ‫اَل يَت‬ ‫ير‬ ُ ‫ص‬ِ ‫ح ِّذ ُرك ُُم ٱلل َّ ُه َن ْف َس ُهۥ ۗ َو ِإ َلى ٱلل َّ ِه ٱ ْل َم‬ َ ‫تُقَ ىٰ ۭ ًة ۗ َو ُي‬ “Let not believers take disbelievers as allies instead of the believers. And whoever does that has nothing with Allah, unless you do so as a precaution (taqiyyah). And Allah warns you of Himself, and to Allah is the final return.” Tafsir Ibn Kathir This verse prohibits Muslims from forming alliances that could harm their faith. ۟ ُ‫( " ٓاَّل َأن تَتَّق‬unless you do so as a precaution) – Ibn Kathir explains However, "ً‫وا ِم ْنهُ ْم تُقَ ٰى ۭة‬ ‫ِإ‬ that in times of necessity, showing caution in dealings is permitted. The phrase "ُ‫( " َويُ َح ِّذ ُر ُك ُم ٱهَّلل ُ نَ ْف َس ۥه‬Allah warns you of Himself) – This is a reminder of accountability for one’s actions. 4 Example: A Muslim living in a non-Muslim country may show external conformity in some cases for safety, but should not compromise faith. 15 3. Al-Nisa’ 4:71 ً ۭ ‫ج ِم‬ ِ ‫ات َأ ِو‬ ِ ‫خ ُذو ۟ا ِح ْذ َرك ُْم ف‬ ٍ ‫َٱنف ُرو ۟ا ث َُب‬ ِ ‫يعا‬ َ ‫ٱنف ُرو ۟ا‬ ُ ‫ام ُنو ۟ا‬ َ ‫َيا َأيُّ َها ٱ لَّذ‬ َ ‫ين َء‬ “O you who have believed, take precaution and advance [in battle] in groups or altogether.” Tafsir Ibn Kathir This verse advises believers to take precautions and be prepared for challenges. Ibn Kathir explains that prudence in planning and preparation is a sign of wisdom and trust in Allah. It is not enough to rely on faith alone; one must also take practical steps to ensure safety and success. Example: In modern times, Muslim nations should ensure security, intelligence, and strategic defense. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 6 4. Al-Maidah 5:49 ‫ك ۖ فَِإن َت َولَّ ْو ۟ا‬ َ ‫ٱح َذ ْر ُه ْم َأن َي ْف ِت ُنوكَ َع ۢن َب ْعضِ َمٓا َأ‬ َ ‫نزلَ ٱلل َّ ُه ِإ َل ْي‬ َ ‫نزلَ ٱلل َّ ُه َواَل تَتَّ ِب ْع َأ ْه َو‬ ْ ‫ٓاء ُه ْم َو‬ َ ‫كم َب ْي َن ُهم بِ َمٓا َأ‬ ْ ‫َوَأ ِن‬ ُ ‫ٱح‬ ِ ٰ ‫ِإن ك َِث ۭيرا ِّمن ٱلنَّاسِ َلفَ ـ‬ َ ُ‫سق‬ ‫ون‬ ِ ‫ِيد ٱلل َّ ُه َأن ُي‬ َّ ‫ص َيب ُهم بِ َب ْعضِ ُذنُو بِ ِه ْم ۗ َو‬ ُ ‫َٱع َل ْم َأن ََّما ُير‬ ْ ‫ف‬ َ ً “And judge between them by what Allah has revealed and do not follow their inclinations. And beware lest they tempt you away from some of what Allah has revealed to you.” Tafsir Ibn Kathir This verse commands believers to judge with justice and not to follow their desires. Caution and prudence are necessary to avoid bias or personal interests. True justice requires careful consideration and adherence to divine guidance. Judges and leaders must be cautious in ruling fairly. "‫( " َوٱحْ َذرْ هُ ْم‬beware of them) is a warning against corruption and deception. 4 Example: Judges & lawyers must avoid bribery and bias. Business contracts should be handled with legal caution to ensure fairness. 15 EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 7 TOPIC 4: AL-IKHBAT (CALMNESS & HUMILITY) Definition Linguistic Definition: The Arabic term Ikhbat (‫ )اإلخبات‬comes from the root word Khubt (‫ ) ُخبوت‬which means to be humble, submissive, and calm. Islamic Definition: Al-Ikhbat refers to a deep sense of humility, serenity, and devotion towards Allah, reflected in one's behavior, patience, and acceptance of divine decree. Quranic Perspective on Al-Ikhbat 1. Al-Haj 22:34 ۗ ‫يم ِة اَأْل ن َْعا ِم‬ َ ‫ى َما َر َزق َُهم ِّمن َب ِه‬ ِ ْ ‫كا لِّ َي ْذك ُُروا‬ ٰ ‫اس َم اللَّه َع َل‬ َ ‫ل ُأ َّم ٍة‬ َ ‫ج َع ْل َنا َم‬ ً ‫نس‬ ُ ِ ‫َو ل‬ ِّ ‫ك‬ ِ ‫ك ْم ِإ َل ٰ ٌه و‬ ِ ْ ‫اح ٌد َف َل ُه َأ ْس ِل ُموا ۗ َو َبشِّ ِر ا ْل ُم‬ ُ ‫فَِإ َل ٰ ُه‬ 4 َ ‫خ ِبت‬ ‫ين‬ “And for every nation We have appointed religious ceremonies, that they may mention the name of Allah over the beast of cattle that He has given them for food. And your God is One God, so to Him submit (in Islam). And give glad tidings to the Mukhbiteen (humble ones).” َ 15 Tafsir Ibn Kathir: Ibn Kathir explains that these verses highlight the humility and submission of believers to Allah. True believers are calm and humble in their worship and dealings, recognizing their dependence on Allah. This humility is a sign of sincere faith and gratitude. Example: A Muslim who performs Hajj or sacrifices an animal for Eid should do so with sincerity and humility. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 8 2. Al-Haj 22:54 ۗ ‫ت َل ُه قُ ُلو ُب ُه ْم‬ ْ ‫ك ف َُيْؤ ِم ُنوا بِ ِه َف ُت‬ َ ‫خ ِب‬ َ ِّ‫ح ُّق ِمن َّرب‬ َ ‫ين ُأوتُوا ا ْل ِع ْل َم َأنَّ ُه ا ْل‬ ِ ِ َ ‫َو ل َي ْع َل َم الَّذ‬ ٍ ‫صر‬ ٍ ‫اط ُّم ْس َت ِقي‬ ِ ِ ‫م‬ َ ِ ‫ى‬ ٰ ‫آم ُنوا ِإ َل‬ َ ‫ِإن الل َّ َه َل َهاد الَّذ‬ َ ‫ين‬ َّ ‫َو‬ “And those who have been given knowledge may know that it is the truth from your Lord, and so they may believe therein, and their hearts may submit humbly to Him.” Tafsir Ibn Kathir: True knowledge leads to submission and acceptance of Allah’s commands. The more a believer understands Islam, the more he becomes calm and submissive to Allah’s will. Example: Scholars and students of knowledge exhibit humility despite their vast understanding. 43. Hud 11:23 َ ‫خال ِ ُد‬ ‫ون‬ َ ِ‫جن َِّة ۖ ُه ْم ف‬ َ ‫يها‬ َ ‫اب ا ْل‬ ُ ‫ح‬ ْ ‫ك َأ‬ َ ‫ص‬ ٰ َ ‫ى َربِّ ِه ْم ُأو َلِئ‬ ِ َ ِ ‫الصال‬ ٰ ‫حات َوَأخْ بَ ُتوا ِإ َل‬ “Indeed, those who believe and do righteous good deeds, and humble themselves before their َّ ‫آم ُنوا َو َع ِم ُلوا‬ ِ َّ َ ‫ِإن الَّذ‬ َ ‫ين‬ 15 Lord, they will be dwellers of Paradise, to dwell therein forever.” Tafsir Ibn Kathir: This verse describes the believers as those who are humble and patient facing trials. Ibn Kathir emphasizes that calmness and humility are essential qualities of the righteous, as they reflect trust in Allah and contentment with His decree. Al-Ikhbat is a sign of sincerity in faith and a means to attain Jannah. The verse emphasizes righteous actions accompanied by humility. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 9 TOPIC 5: TABYIN AL-UMUR (VERIFICATION & PROOF) Definition Linguistic Definition: The word Tabyin (‫ )تبيين‬means clarification, verification, or proving the truth. Islamic Definition: It refers to the process of ensuring the truthfulness of information before accepting or acting upon it. Quranic Perspective on Tabyin al-Umur 1. Al-Baqarah 2:259 ‫ح ِيي َ ٰه ِذ ِه الل َّ ُه َب ْع َد َم ْو تِ َها ۖ َفَأ َما َت ُه الل َّ ُه ِماَئ َة َعا ٍم ثُ َّم‬ َ ‫ى ق َْري ٍَة َو ِه َي‬ ِ ‫خا ِويَ ٌة َع َلى ُعر‬ ْ ‫وش َها قَالَ َأن َّٰى ُي‬ ُ ٰ ِ ٰ ‫َأ ْو كَالَّذي َم َّر َع َل‬ ِ ‫طع‬ ُ ‫ت ِماَئ َة َعا ٍم فَان‬ َ ِ‫ك َو َش َراب‬ ۖ ‫ك َل ْم يَ َت َسنَّ ْه‬ َ ‫ام‬ ََ ‫ى‬ ٰ ‫ظ ْر ِإ َل‬ َ ‫ض َي ْو ٍم ۖ قَالَ َب ْل لَّ ِب ْث‬ ُ ‫ت ۖ قَالَ َل ِب ْث‬ َ ‫ت َي ْو ًما َأ ْو َب ْع‬ َ ‫َب َع َث ُه ۖ قَالَ ك َْم َل ِب ْث‬ 4َ‫ح ًما ۚ َف َل َّما ت ََب َّي َن َل ُه قَال‬ ْ ‫وها َل‬ َ ‫ك ُس‬ ‫ير‬ ِ ُ‫ف ن‬ ْ ‫نش ُز َها ثُ َّم َن‬ ِ ٍ َ ‫ى ا ْل ِع‬ َ ‫ظا ِم ك َْي‬ ٌ ‫ل َش ْيء قَد‬ ُ ‫ك آيَ ًة لِّلنَّاسِ ۖ َوان‬ ٰ ‫ظ ْر ِإ َل‬ ٰ ‫َأ ْع َل ُم َأ َّن الل َّ َه َع َل‬ ُ ‫ى‬ ِّ ‫ك‬ “Or like the one who passed by a township which had fallen into ruin. He said, “How will ْ ‫ى ِح َمارِكَ َو ل ِ َن‬ َ ‫ج َع َل‬ ُ ‫َوان‬ ٰ ‫ظ ْر ِإ َل‬ 15 Allah bring this to life after its death?” So Allah caused him to die for a hundred years; then He revived him. He said, “How long have you remained?” The man said, “I have remained a day or part of a day.” He said, “Rather, you have remained one hundred years. Look at your food and your drink; it has not changed with time. And look at your donkey; and We will make you a sign for the people. And look at the bones [of this donkey] – how We raise them and then We cover them with flesh.” And when it became clear to him, he said, “I know that Allah is over all things competent.” Tafsir Ibn Kathir: This verse tells the story of a man who doubted Allah’s power to resurrect the dead. Ibn Kathir explains that Allah demonstrated His power by reviving a dead town, showing the importance of verifying truths through clear evidence. Believers must seek proof and understanding rather than relying on assumptions. Example: A scientist verifying a theory before concluding it. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 10 2. Al-Nisa’ 4:94 َ ‫ت ُمْؤ ِم ۭ ًنا تَبْ َتغ‬ ِ ‫اَل‬ ِ ِ ِ ‫ض‬ َ ‫ُون َع َر‬ َ ‫ٱلس َلـ ٰ َم َل ْس‬ َّ ‫ك ُم‬ ٰ ٓ َ‫ض َربْ ُت ْم فى َس ِبيلِ ٱللَّه َفت ََب َّي ُنو ۟ا َو َتقُ ولُو ۟ا ل َم ْن َأ ْلق‬ ُ ‫ى ِإ َل ْي‬ َ ‫ام ُن ٓو ۟ا ِإذَا‬ َ ‫ين َء‬َ ‫َي ٓـ َٰأيُّ َها ٱ لَّذ‬ ٰ ً ۭ ‫خ ِب‬ ‫يرا‬ َ ‫َان بِ َما َت ْع َم ُل‬ َ ‫ون‬ َّ ۚ ‫ك ْم َفت ََب َّي ُن ٓو ۟ا‬ َ ‫ِإن ٱلل َّ َه ك‬ ُ ‫ك كُن ُتم ِّمن ق َْب ُل ف ََم َّن ٱلل َّ ُه َع َل ْي‬ َ ِ ‫ير ۭ ٌة ۚ ك ََذل‬ ِ َ ‫حي ٰو ِة ٱل ُّدنْيا ف َِع‬ َ ‫ند ٱللَّه َمغَانِ ُم ك َِث‬ َ َ َ ‫ٱ ْل‬ “O believers! When you struggle in the cause of Allah, be sure of who you fight. And do not say to those who offer you ˹greetings of˺ peace, “You are no believer!”—seeking a fleeting worldly gain.1 Instead, Allah has infinite bounties ˹in store˺. You were initially like them then Allah blessed you ˹with Islam˺. So be sure! Indeed, Allah is All-Aware of what you do.” Tafsir Ibn Kathir: This verse advises believers to verify information, especially in matters of conflict. Ibn Kathir stresses the importance of caution and thorough investigation to avoid harming innocent people. Hasty judgments can lead to injustice. 4 Example: A judge verifying all evidence before convicting someone. 3. 3. Al-Nisa’ 4:115 ِِ ِ ِ َ ‫الر ُسولَ من َب ْعد َما ت ََب َّي َن َل ُه ا ْل ُه َدىٰ َويَتَّ ِب ْع َغ ْي َر َس ِبيلِ ا ْل ُمْؤ من‬ ِ َ ‫ومن ُي‬ 15 ‫ين‬ َّ ِ‫شاقق‬ َ َ ‫يرا‬ ً ‫ص‬ ِ ‫ت َم‬ ْ ‫اء‬ َ ‫ج َهنَّ َم ۖ َو َس‬ َ ‫ص ِل ِه‬ ْ ُ‫ى َون‬ ِ ٰ َّ‫نُ َولِّه َما َت َول‬ “And whoever defies the Messenger after guidance has become clear to them and follows a path other than that of the believers, We will let them pursue what they have chosen, then burn them in Hell—what an evil end!” Tafsir Ibn Kathir: Ibn Kathir explains that this verse warns against following paths that deviate from the guidance of Allah and His Messenger. Believers must verify their actions and beliefs against divine teachings to avoid misguidance. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 11 4. Al-Hujurat 49:6-7 ِِ ْ ‫ج َها َل ٍة َف ُت‬ ِ ‫جاءك ُْم ف‬ ِ ُ‫َاس ٌق بِن ََبٍإ َفت ََب َّي ُنوا َأن ت‬ ِ َ ‫ى َما ف ََع ْل ُت ْم َنادم‬ )6( ‫ين‬ ُ ‫ص ِب‬ ٰ ‫حوا َع َل‬ َ ِ‫ص ُيبوا ق َْو ًما ب‬ َ َ ‫آم ُنوا ِإن‬ َ ‫َيا َأيُّ َها الَّذ‬ َ ‫ين‬ ‫ان َو َزيَّ َن ُه فِي‬ ِ ٰ ‫ك ْم فِي ك َِثي ٍر ِّمن اَأْل ْم ِر َلع ِنتُّ ْم و َل‬ ُ ‫اع َل ُموا َأ َّن فِي‬ ُ ‫ب ِإ َل ْي‬ َ ‫ك ُم اِإْل‬ َ ‫يم‬ َ ‫ح َّب‬ َ ‫ك َّن الل َّ َه‬ َ َ َ ُ ‫ك ْم َر ُسولَ الل َّ ِه ۚ َل ْو ُي ِط‬ ُ ‫يع‬ ْ ‫َو‬ ِ ‫ك ُه ُم الر‬ ٰ )7( ‫ون‬ َ ‫اش ُد‬ َّ َ ‫ان ۚ ُأو َلِئ‬ ْ ‫وق َوا ْل ِع‬ َ ‫ص َي‬ ُ ‫ك ُم ا ْل‬ َ ‫ك ْف َر َوا ْلفُ ُس‬ ُ ِ‫قُ ُلو ب‬ ُ ‫ك ْم َوك ََّر َه ِإ َل ْي‬ “O you who have believed, if a wicked person comes to you with information, investigate it, lest you harm a people out of ignorance and become regretful over what you have done.” (6) And know that among you is the Messenger of Allah. If he were to obey you in much of the matter, you would be in difficulty, but Allah has endeared to you the faith and has made it pleasing in your hearts and has made hateful to you disbelief, defiance and disobedience. Those are the [rightly] guided” (7)” Tafsir Ibn Kathir: The importance of verifying news brought by untrustworthy sources. Spreading unverified information can lead to harm and division. 4 Believers must seek proof and act with integrity. Example: Checking news sources before sharing on social media. 15 EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 12 TOPIC 6: AL-HIKMAH (WISDOM & INSIGHT) Definition Linguistic Definition: Hikmah (‫ )الحكمة‬in Arabic means wisdom, knowledge, and sound judgment. It is derived from (‫)حكم‬, which also means governance and judgment. Islamic Definition: Wisdom is the ability to make the right decisions based on knowledge, justice, and righteousness. It includes understanding divine guidance and applying it correctly. Quranic Perspective on Hikmah (Wisdom) 1. Al-Baqarah 2:129 ‫يم‬ ِ َ ‫نت ا ْلعزِيز ا ْل‬ ُ ‫حك‬ ُ َ َ ‫َّك َأ‬ ِ ‫ك َم َة َو ُي َزك‬ َ ‫ِّيه ْم ۚ ِإن‬ َ ِ ‫ك و ُيعلِّم ُهم ا ْل‬ ِ ‫ك َتاب َوا ْل‬ ْ ‫ح‬ ِ ِ‫ث ف‬ ُ ُ َ َ َ ِ‫يه ْم َر ُسواًل ِّم ْن ُه ْم يَ ْت ُلو َع َل ْي ِه ْم آ َيات‬ ْ ‫َربَّ َنا َوا ْب َع‬ 4 “Our Lord, and send among them a Messenger from themselves who will recite to them Your verses and teach them the Book and wisdom and purify them. Indeed, You are the Exalted in Might, the Wise.” 15 Ibn Kathir’s Interpretation The verse refers to Prophet Ibrahim’s request for a prophet (fulfilled by Prophet Muhammad ‫)ﷺ‬. Hikmah (wisdom) is explained as the Sunnah and understanding of religion. Prophets were sent to purify people by imparting knowledge and wisdom. Example: The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬did not just teach Quranic laws but provided practical wisdom. For instance, he advised Mu’adh ibn Jabal: "You are going to the People of the Book; let the first thing you invite them to be the testimony that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah." (Bukhari & Muslim) This shows wisdom in prioritizing teachings based on context. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 13 2. Al-Baqarah 2:269 ِ ‫ت ا ْل‬ ِ ‫ُيْؤ تِي ا ْل‬ ‫اب‬ ً ‫خ ْي ًرا ك َِث‬ ِ ‫يرا ۗ َو َما َي َّذك َُّر ِإاَّل ُأولُو اَأْل ْل َب‬ َ ‫ك َم َة فَقَ ْد ُأوتِ َي‬ ْ ‫ح‬ َ ‫اء ۚ َو َمن ُيْؤ‬ ُ ‫ش‬ ْ ‫ح‬ َ ‫ك َم َة َمن َي‬ “He grants wisdom to whom He wills, and whoever has been given wisdom has certainly been given much good. But none will remember except those of understanding.” Ibn Kathir’s Interpretation: Hikmah is described as: 1) Knowledge of the Quran and Sunnah. 2)Understanding religion deeply. 3)The ability to act justly. Wisdom is a divine gift, not just intelligence but moral and spiritual insight. Example: A scholar who understands both Shariah rulings and their practical applications 3. Luqman 31:12-19 4...)12( ‫ح ِمي ٌد‬ َ ‫َِإن الل َّ َه َغ ِن ٌّي‬ ِ ‫كر ل ِ َن ْف‬ َّ ‫س ِه ۖ َو َمن كَفَ َر ف‬ ُُ ‫ش‬ ْ ‫ك ْر لِل َّ ِه ۚ َو َمن َي‬ ُ ‫ش‬ ْ ‫ك ْر فَِإن ََّما َي‬ “And We certainly gave Luqman wisdom, saying, 'Be grateful to Allah. And whoever is grateful is grateful for himself. And whoever denies [His favor] – then indeed, Allah is Free of need and Praiseworthy.”(12)...” ْ ‫ك َم َة َأ ِن‬ ُ ‫اش‬ ِ ‫ان ا ْل‬ ْ ‫ح‬ َ ‫َو َلقَ ْد آ َت ْي َنا لُ ْق َم‬ 15 Ibn Kathir’s Interpretation: These verses highlight the wisdom of Luqman, who advised his son to worship Allah alone, be grateful, and avoid arrogance. Ibn Kathir emphasizes that wisdom involves recognizing Allah’s greatness, practicing humility, and treating others with kindness and respect. Example: Parents teach children not only knowledge but also manners and morals. Practical wisdom: Knowing when to advise or correct someone. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 14 TOPIC 7: CALLING TOWARDS GOOD DEEDS Definition Da’wah (‫ )الدعوة‬means inviting others to Islam. It is a duty upon Muslims to encourage good and forbid evil. A key role of prophets, scholars, and righteous individuals. Quranic Perspective on Calling Towards Good 1. Al-Imran 3:104 ٰ ‫ْأ‬ ‫ون‬ َ ‫ح‬ُ ‫ك ُه ُم ا ْل ُم ْف ِل‬ َ ‫ك ِر ۚ َوُأو َلِئ‬ ِ ‫ون بِا ْل َم ْعر‬ َ ‫وف َويَ ْن َه ْو َن َع ِن ا ْل ُمن‬ ُ َ ‫ون ِإ َلى ا ْل‬ َ ‫خ ْي ِر َو َي ُم ُر‬ َ ‫ك ْم ُأ َّم ٌة َي ْد ُع‬ ُ ‫َو ْل َت‬ ُ ‫كن ِّمن‬ “Let there be a group among you who invite to good, enjoin what is right, and forbid what is 4 wrong. Those will be the successful.” Ibn Kathir’s Interpretation Ibn Kathir explains that this verse commands believers to enjoin good and forbid evil, 15 forming a community that upholds righteousness. Calling others to good deeds is a collective responsibility that strengthens faith and promotes justice. Success in this world and the Hereafter is tied to enjoining righteousness. Example: The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬sent Mus’ab ibn Umair to Medina to teach Islam before Hijrah, preparing the city for Islam. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 15 2. Al-Nahl 16:125 ْ ‫اد ْل ُهم بِالَّ ِتي ِه َي َأ‬ ۚ ‫ح َس ُن‬ ِ ‫ج‬ َ ‫ح َسن َِة ۖ َو‬ َ ‫ك َم ِة َوا ْل َم ْو ِع‬ َ ‫ظ ِة ا ْل‬ ِ ‫ك بِا ْل‬ ْ ‫ح‬ َ ِّ‫ى َس ِبيلِ َرب‬ٰ ‫ع ِإ َل‬ ُ ‫اد‬ ْ ِ ِِ َ ‫ل َعن َس ِبيله ۖ َو ُه َو َأ ْع َل ُم بِا ْل ُم ْه َتد‬ ‫ين‬ َّ ‫ض‬ َ ‫ك ُه َو َأ ْع َل ُم بِ َمن‬ َ َّ‫ِإن َرب‬ َّ “Invite ˹all˺ to the Way of your Lord with wisdom and kind advice, and only debate with them in the best manner. Surely your Lord ˹alone˺ knows best who has strayed from His Way and who is ˹rightly˺ guided.” Ibn Kathir’s Interpretation: This verse advises calling others to Islam with wisdom and good instruction. Ibn Kathir emphasizes the importance of patience and kindness in da’wah, as harshness can disgust people from the truth. Example: When the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬debated with a Christian, he remained calm and respectful. 43. Taha 20:42-46 ْ َ ِ ‫اذ َهبا ِإ َل‬ ٰ ‫ى ف ْر َع ْو َن ِإنَّ ُه طغ‬ )43( ‫َى‬ ٰ َ ‫اف َأن َي ْف ُر‬ ٰ ‫ط َع َل ْي َنا َأ ْو َأن َيطغ‬ )45( ‫َى‬ ُ ‫خ‬ ْ ‫خوكَ بِآ َياتِي َواَل َت ِن َيا فِي ِذ‬ َ ْ )42( ‫كرِي‬ َ ‫) َقااَل َربَّ َنا ِإنَّ َنا َن‬44( ‫ى‬ ٰ ‫ش‬ َ ‫خ‬ ُ ‫نت َوَأ‬ َ ‫ب َأ‬ ْ ْ ‫اذ َه‬ ْ ‫فَقُ واَل َل ُه ق َْواًل لَّ ِّي ًنا لَّ َعلَّ ُه يَ َت َذك َُّر َأ ْو َي‬ 15 ُ ‫خافَا ۖ ِإن َِّني َم َع‬ )46( ٰ‫ك َما َأ ْس َم ُع َوَأ َرى‬ َ ‫قَالَ اَل َت‬ “Go, you and your brother, with My signs and do not slacken in My remembrance (42). Go, both of you, to Pharaoh. Indeed, he has transgressed (43). Speak to him mildly that perhaps he may be reminded or fear Allah (44). They both pleaded, “Our Lord! We fear that he may be quick to harm us or act tyrannically.” (45) Allah reassured ˹them˺, “Have no fear! I am with you, hearing and seeing.”(46)” Ibn Kathir’s Interpretation: These verses describe Allah’s command to Musa and Harun to call Pharaoh to the truth with gentleness and wisdom. Calling to good deeds requires courage, patience, and a calm demeanor. Example: A scholar advising a sinner kindly before rebuking them. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 16 3. Al-Saff 61:2-3 )3( ‫ون‬ َ ‫) ك َُب َر َم ْق ًتا ِع‬2( ‫ون‬ َ ‫ند الل َّ ِه َأن َتقُ ولُوا َما اَل َت ْف َع ُل‬ َ ُ‫آم ُنوا ل ِ َم َتقُ ول‬ َ ‫ون َما اَل َت ْف َع ُل‬ ِ َ ‫َيا َأيُّ َها الَّذ‬ َ ‫ين‬ “O you who have believed, why do you say what you do not do? (1) Most hateful it is with Allah that you say what you do not do (2).” Ibn Kathir’s Interpretation: These verses criticize those who claim to believe but do not act on their faith. True believers must align their words with actions and actively call others to good deeds, as this is a sign of sincere faith. Example: A preacher who prays regularly will have a stronger influence than one who does not. 4 15 EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 17 ISLAMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Major Islamic Laws and Topic Practical Applications in Life Principles Trust is an obligation that Returning debts and fulfilling must be fulfilled. promises. Amanah Justice in delivering Maintaining honesty in the (Loyalty) workplace and leadership. Amanah is a religious duty. Betraying Amanah leads to Handling financial trusts corruption. responsibly. Controlling anger is a sign Managing anger in personal Kazm of righteousness and professional relationships. al-Ghaiz Suppressing anger leads to Practicing patience and (Controlling 4 Anger & Passion) divine reward. Acting out of rage can lead to regret. Believers should take forgiveness. Avoiding conflicts that arise from uncontrolled emotions. Avoiding deception in 15 necessary precautions in transactions and contracts. Al-Hazr life. Making informed decisions in (Caution & Being cautious in faith personal and financial matters. Prudence) protects one from harm. Being careful in speech and Safety and vigilance are actions to prevent harm. Islamic duties. True believers are those Practicing patience in difficult who remain humble. situations. Al-Ikhbat Spiritual success is linked Showing humility in (Calmness to humility before Allah. interactions with others. & Humility) Being submissive to Allah Engaging in acts of worship brings tranquility. with sincerity. Believers must verify Tabyin Fact-checking news before information before al-Umur sharing. spreading it. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 18 (Verification False accusations are Avoiding false rumors and & Proof) condemned. accusations. Seeking clear evidence is Using proper evidence when part of justice. making judgments. Wisdom is a divine gift Using wisdom when advising granted to the righteous. others. Al-Hikmah Knowledge and wisdom go Making well-thought-out (Wisdom & hand in hand. decisions. Insight) Teaching wisdom is an Applying logic and patience Islamic obligation. in problem-solving. Muslims are commanded Encouraging family and to invite others to friends to do good. Calling goodness. Using social media for Towards Preaching must be done positive influence. Good Deeds 4 with wisdom and kindness. Hypocrisy in calling to Islam is condemned. Practicing what one preaches to set a good example. 15 EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 19 HADITH 1: IMPORTANCE OF NIAT (INTENTIONS) ‫ت َر ُسولَ الل َّ ِه صلى الله عليه وسلم‬ ُ ‫ َس ِم ْع‬: َ‫ض َي الل ُه َع ْن ُه قَال‬ ِ ‫اب َر‬ َّ ‫خ‬ َ ‫ح ْفصٍ ُع َم َر ْب ِن ا ْل‬ ِِ ِ ِ ‫ط‬ َ ‫ين َأبِي‬ َ ‫َع ْن َأمي ِر ا ْل ُمْؤ من‬ ْ ‫ج َرتُ ُه إ َلى الل َّ ِه َو َر ُسول ِ ِه ف َِه‬ ‫ج َرتُ ُه إ َلى الل َّ ِه‬ ْ ‫ت ِه‬ ْ ‫ ف ََم ْن كَا َن‬،‫ل ا ْم ِرٍئ َما َن َوى‬ ِّ ‫ك‬ُ ِ ‫ َو ِإن ََّما ل‬،‫ات‬ ِ ‫ " إن ََّما اَأْل ْع َمالُ بِالنِّ َّي‬: ُ‫َيقُ ول‬ "‫اج َر إ َل ْي ِه‬ ِ ‫صيب َها َأ ْو ا ْمرَأ ٍة يَ ْن‬ ِ ْ ‫ت ِه‬ ْ ‫ َو َم ْن كَا َن‬،‫َو َر ُسول ِ ِه‬ َ ‫ج َرتُ ُه إ َلى َما َه‬ ْ ‫ح َها ف َِه‬ُ ‫ك‬ َ ُ ِ ‫ج َرتُ ُه ل ُدن َْيا ُي‬ It is narrated on the authority of Amirul Mu'minin, Abu Hafs 'Umar bin al-Khattab (ra) who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (‫ )ﷺ‬say: "Actions are (judged) by motives (niyyah), so each man will have what he intended. Thus, he whose migration (hijrah) was to Allah and His Messenger, his migration is to Allah and His Messenger; but he whose migration was for some worldly thing he might gain, or for a wife he might marry, his migration is to that for which he migrated.” [Bukhari & Muslim] Meaning and Interpretation This hadith is narrated by Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) and is considered one of the most 4 fundamental hadiths in Islam. It was recorded by both Imam Bukhari (Hadith 1) and Imam Muslim (Hadith 1907), making it among the most authentic hadiths. “Actions are based on intentions (niyyah).” This means that the validity and reward of any deed depend on the sincerity and purpose behind it. 15 “Every person will get what he intended.” This emphasizes that rewards in the Hereafter are determined by one’s motivation. “Whoever migrates for Allah and His Messenger, his migration is for Allah and His Messenger.” A sincere act of worship will be rewarded by Allah. “Whoever migrates for worldly gain or to marry a woman, his migration is to what he sought.” If a person acts for personal benefit rather than religious reasons, his reward is limited to that worldly goal. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 20 Interpretation from Scholars 1. Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali: This hadith is half of Islam because intention is a requirement for every act of worship. 2. Imam al-Shaf’'i: This hadith covers one-third of knowledge, as deeds involve heart, tongue, and actions. 3. Ibn Taymiyyah: The acceptance of deeds depends on two conditions: sincerity (ikhlas) and correctness (following Sunnah). Asbab Wurud (Context of Revelation) This hadith was narrated when a man migrated to Medina for a woman named Umm Qais rather than for Islam. The Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬emphasized that the reward of hijrah (migration) is based on the intention behind it. Lessons 41. Sincerity in Worship: Acts should be done for Allah’s sake, not for personal gain. 2. Correcting Intentions: Before doing any good deed (e.g., prayer, charity), one should ensure their niyyah is pure. 15 3. Worldly Intentions Limit Reward: Seeking praise or material benefit reduces the spiritual reward of actions. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 21 HADITH 2: ISLAM, IMAN AND IHSAN (HADITH JIBRIL) َ ‫ إ ْذ‬،‫َات َي ْو ٍم‬ ‫ط َل َع‬ ِ ‫ج ُلوس ِع ْن َد َر ُس‬ َ ‫ول الل َّ ِه صلى الله عليه و سلم ذ‬ ِ ‫َع ْن ُع َم َر َر‬ ً ‫ض َي الل ُه َع ْن ُه َأ ْي‬ ْ ‫ " َب ْي َن َما َن‬: َ‫ضا قَال‬ ٌ ُ ‫ح ُن‬ ‫س إ َلى‬ َ ‫ج َل‬ َ ‫حتَّى‬ َ.‫ح ٌد‬ َ ‫ َواَل َي ْع ِرفُ ُه ِمنَّا َأ‬،ِ‫السفَ ر‬ ِ ِ َّ ‫ اَل ُي َرى َع َل ْيه َأ َث ُر‬،ِ‫يد َس َواد الشَّ ْعر‬ ُ ‫ َش ِد‬،‫اب‬ ُ ‫ل َش ِد‬ ِ ‫يد َب َياضِ الثِّ َي‬ ُ ‫َع َل ْي َنا َر‬ ٌ ‫ج‬ ‫ح َّم ُد َأخْ ِب ْر نِي‬َ ‫ َيا ُم‬: َ‫ َوقَال‬،‫َخ َذ ْي ِه‬ ِ ‫كف َّْي ِه َع َلى ف‬ َ ‫ض َع‬ َ ‫ َو َو‬،‫كبَ َت ْي ِه‬ ْ ‫كبَ َت ْي ِه إ َلى ُر‬ ْ ‫ َفَأ ْس َن َد ُر‬. ‫النَّ ِبي صلى الله عليه و سلم‬ ِّ ،‫ح َّم ًدا َر ُسولُ الل َّ ِه‬ َ ‫ش َه َد َأ ْن اَل إ َل َه إاَّل الل َّ ُه َوَأ َّن ُم‬ْ ‫ فَقَ الَ َر ُسولُ الل َّ ِه صلى الله عليه و سلم اِإْل ْساَل ُم َأ ْن َت‬.‫َع ْن اِإْل ْساَل ِم‬ ِ ‫ ف ََع‬. ‫ص َد ْقت‬ ‫جبْ َنا َل ُه‬ َ : َ‫ قَال‬. ‫ط ْعت إ َل ْي ِه َس ِبياًل‬ َ ‫اس َت‬ ْ ‫ت إ ْن‬ َ ‫ج ا ْل َب ْي‬ َّ ‫ح‬ ُ ‫ َو َت‬،‫ان‬ َ ‫ض‬ َ ‫صو َم َر َم‬ ُ ‫ َو َت‬،َ‫الزكَاة‬َّ ‫ َوتُْؤ تِ َي‬،َ‫الصاَل ة‬ َّ ‫يم‬ َ ‫َوتُ ِق‬ ‫ َوتُْؤ ِم َن‬،ِ‫ك ُت ِب ِه َو ُر ُس ِل ِه َوا ْل َي ْو ِم اآْل ِخر‬ َ ‫ َأ ْن تُْؤ ِم َن بِاَلل َّ ِه َو َماَل ِئ‬: َ‫ قَال‬.‫ان‬ ُ ‫ك ِت ِه َو‬ َ ‫ َفَأخْ ِب ْر نِي َع ْن اِإْل‬: َ‫ص ِّدقُ ُه! قَال‬ ِ ‫يم‬ َ ‫َي ْسَأ لُ ُه َو ُي‬ ُ ‫َِإن َل ْم َت‬ ‫ك ْن َت َرا ُه‬ ْ ‫ ف‬،‫كَأنَّك َت َرا ُه‬ ِ ‫ح َس‬ َ ‫ َأ ْن َت ْع ُب َد الل َّ َه‬: َ‫ قَال‬.‫ان‬ َ : َ‫ قَال‬.‫خ ْير ِِه َو َش ِّر ِه‬ ْ ‫ َفَأخْ ِب ْر نِي َع ْن اِإْل‬: َ‫ قَال‬.‫ص َد ْقت‬ َ ‫بِا ْلقَ َد ِر‬ ِ ِ َ ‫ َفَأخْ ِبر نِي َعن الس‬: َ‫ قَال‬.‫فَِإنَّ ُه َيراك‬ ‫اراتِ َها؟‬ َ ‫ َفَأخْ ِب ْر نِي َع ْن َأ َم‬: َ‫ قَال‬. ِ‫الساِئل‬ َّ ‫ َما ا ْل َم ْسُئولُ َع ْن َها بَِأ ْع َل َم م ْن‬: َ‫ قَال‬.‫اعة‬ َّ ْ ْ َ ،‫ت َم ِل ًّيا‬ُ ‫ َف َل ِب ْث‬،‫ط َل َق‬ ِ ‫ون فِي ا ْلبُ ْن َي‬ َ ‫ ثُ َّم ا ْن‬.‫ان‬ َ ُ‫اول‬ َ ‫ط‬ ِ َّ‫حفَ ا َة ا ْل ُعرا َة ا ْل َعا َل َة ر َِعاء الش‬ َ ‫اء يَ َت‬ َ َ ُ ‫ َوَأ ْن َت َرى ا ْل‬،‫ َأ ْن َت ِل َد اَأْل َم ُة َربَّ َت َها‬: َ‫قَال‬ ُ ‫ك ْم ِدي َن‬ " ‫ك ْم‬ ُ ‫ِيل َأ َتاك ُْم ُي َعلِّ ُم‬ ُ ‫ قُ ْل‬.‫الساِئ ُل؟‬ ُ ‫ فَِإنَّ ُه ِج ْبر‬: َ‫ قَال‬.‫ الل َّ ُه َو َر ُسولُ ُه َأ ْع َل ُم‬:‫ت‬ َّ ‫ َيا ُع َم ُر َأ َت ْدرِي َم ْن‬: َ‫ثُ َّم قَال‬ Also on the authority of `Umar (ra) who said: While we were one day sitting with the 4 Messenger of Allah (‫ )ﷺ‬there appeared before us a man dressed in extremely white clothes and with very black hair. No traces of journeying were visible on him, and none of us knew him. He sat down close by the Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬rested his knees against the knees of the Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬and placed his palms over his thighs, and said: “O Muhammad! Inform me about Islam.” The Messenger of Allah (‫ )ﷺ‬replied: “Islam is that you should testify that 15 there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is His Messenger (‫)ﷺ‬, that you should perform salah (ritual prayer), pay the zakah, fast during Ramadan, and perform Hajj (pilgrimage) to the House (the Ka`bah at Makkah), if you can find a way to it (or find the means for making the journey to it).” He said: “You have spoken the truth.” We were astonished at his thus questioning him (‫ )ﷺ‬and then telling him that he was right, but he went on to say, “Inform me about Iman (faith).” He (the Prophet) answered, “It is that you believe in Allah and His angels and His Books and His Messengers and in the Last Day, and in fate (qadar), both in its good and in its evil aspects.” He said, “You have spoken the truth.” Then he (the man) said, “Inform me about Ihsan.” He (the Prophet) answered, “It is that you should serve Allah as though you could see Him, for though you cannot see Him yet He sees you.” He said, “Inform me about the Hour.” He (the Prophet) said, “About that the one questioned knows no more than the questioner.” So he said, “Well, inform me about its signs.” He said, “They are that the slave-girl will give birth to her mistress and that you will see the barefooted ones, the naked, the destitute, the herdsmen of the sheep (competing with each other) in raising lofty buildings.” Thereupon the man went off. I waited a while, and then he (the Prophet) said, "O `Umar, do you know who that questioner was?" I replied, "Allah and His Messenger know better." He said, "That was Jibril. He came to teach you your religion." [Muslim] EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 22 Meaning and Interpretation Three core aspects of Islam: 1. Islam: The five pillars are Shahadah, Salah, Zakah, Sawm, Hajj. 2. Iman: Belief in Allah, angels, books, prophets, the Last Day, and Qadar. 3. Ihsan: Worshiping Allah as if you see Him or at least knowing He sees you. Jibril also asked about the Day of Judgment, but the Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬responded that only Allah knows its exact time. However, he gave two signs: “The slave-girl will give birth to her master.” This is interpreted as a reversal of social order or disobedience of children to parents. “Barefoot shepherds will compete in constructing tall buildings.” This refers to rapid development by those who were previously poor. Interpretation from Scholars 41. Ibn Hajar: This hadith is the foundation of Islamic knowledge, explaining the three levels of religion: Islam, Iman, and Ihsan. 2. Imam Nawawi: It is the most comprehensive hadith, summarizing all essential 15 aspects of faith. 3. Al-Qurtubi: Ihsan is the highest spiritual level, where worship is done with full awareness of Allah. Asbab Wurud (Context of Revelation) The Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬wanted to teach the Sahabah (Companions) about Islam in an interactive way. Jibril (AS) visited in human form, asking structured questions to facilitate learning. Lessons 1. Qadar (Divine Decree): Everything happens by Allah’s will, both good and bad. 2. Day of Judgment is Unknown: Only Allah knows the exact time of the Last Day. 3. Modern Signs Fulfilled: Skyscraper construction by formerly poor Arabs. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 23 HADITH 3: THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM ‫ َس ِم ْعت َر ُسولَ الل َّ ِه صلى الله عليه‬: َ‫ض َي الل َّ ُه َع ْن ُه َما قَال‬ ِ ‫اب َر‬ ِ ‫ط‬ َّ ‫خ‬ َ ‫ح َم ِن َع ْب ِد الل َّ ِه ْب ِن ُع َم َر ْب ِن ا ْل‬ ِ َّ ‫َع ْن َأبِي َع ْبد‬ ْ ‫الر‬ ِ ‫ َو ِإي َت‬،‫الصاَل ِة‬ ‫اء‬ َّ ‫ َو ِإقَا ِم‬،‫ح َّم ًدا َر ُسولُ الل َّ ِه‬ َ ‫اد ِة َأ ْن اَل إ َل َه إاَّل الل َّ ُه َوَأ َّن ُم‬ َ ‫ َش َه‬: ٍ‫خ ْمس‬ َ ‫ " ُب ِن َي اِإْل ْساَل ُم َع َلى‬: ُ‫وسلم َيقُ ول‬."‫ان‬ َ ‫ض‬ َ ‫ص ْو ِم َر َم‬ َ ‫ َو‬،‫ت‬ ِ ‫ج ا ْل َب ْي‬ ِّ ‫ح‬َ ‫ َو‬،‫َاة‬ ِ ‫الزك‬ َّ On the authority of Abdullah, the son of Umar ibn al-Khattab (ra), who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (‫ )ﷺ‬say, "Islam has been built on five [pillars]: testifying that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishing the salah (prayer), paying the zakat (obligatory charity), making the hajj (pilgrimage) to the House, and fasting in Ramadhan." [Bukhari & Muslim] Meaning and Interpretation Islam is built based on five pillars, meaning that Islam cannot stand without them. 4 Interpretation from Scholars 1. Ibn Hajar: Each pillar represents a basic act of obedience that strengthens faith. 2. Imam al-Nawawi: Without these pillars, a person’s Islam is incomplete. 3. Ibn Taymiyyah: All pillars are interconnected, and abandoning any without valid 15 reason is a serious sin. Asbab Wurud (Context of Revelation) This hadith was narrated in the early period of Islam, when the Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬was teaching the core obligations of the faith. Lessons 1. Islam is Built on Five Pillars: Without these, faith is weak. 2. Each Pillar Strengthens Iman: Salah builds discipline, Zakah purifies wealth, fasting teaches patience, Hajj unites Muslims. 3. Neglecting a Pillar is Dangerous: A person who abandons salah without excuse is at risk of falling into disbelief (kufr). EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 24 HADITH 4: DECREE OF ALLAH (QADAR) AND THE STAGES OF CREATION َ ‫ح َّدثَ َنا َر ُسولُ الل َّ ِه صلى الله عليه و سلم‬ ‫و ُه َو‬- َ : َ‫ض َي الل ُه َع ْن ُه قَال‬ ٍ ‫ح َم ِن َعب ِد الل َّ ِه ْب ِن َمس ُع‬ ِ ‫ود َر‬ ْ ْ ْ ‫الر‬ ِ َّ ‫َع ْن َأبِي َع ْبد‬ ‫ ثُ َّم‬،‫ك‬ َ ِ ‫ون َع َلقَ ًة ِم ْث َل ذَل‬ ُ ‫ك‬ ْ ُ‫ين َي ْو ًما ن‬ ُ ‫ ثُ َّم َي‬،‫طفَ ًة‬ ِ ِ ْ ‫خ ْلقُ ُه فِي َب‬ َ ‫ط ِن ُأ ِّمه َأ ْر َبع‬ َ ‫ج َم ُع‬ ْ ‫ح َدك ُْم ُي‬َ ‫ "إ َّن َأ‬:-‫وق‬ُ ‫ص ُد‬ ِ ‫الص‬ ْ ‫اد ُق ا ْل َم‬ َّ َ ‫ َوَأ‬،‫ب ر ِْز ِق ِه‬ ،‫ج ِل ِه‬ ٍ ‫ َو ُيْؤ َم ُر بَِأ ْر َب ِع ك َِل َم‬،‫وح‬ َ ِ‫ ب‬:‫ات‬ ِ ‫ك ْت‬ ِ ِ َ ِ ‫ض َغ ًة ِم ْث َل ذَل‬ ُ ‫ ثُ َّم ُي ْر َس ُل إ َل ْي ِه ا ْل َم َل‬،‫ك‬ ُ ‫َي‬ ُّ ‫ك ف ََي ْنفُ ُخ فيه‬ َ ‫الر‬ ْ ‫ون ُم‬ ُ ‫ك‬ ‫ون َب ْي َن ُه َو َب ْي َن َها‬ ُ ‫ك‬ َ ‫جن َِّة‬ ُ ‫حتَّى َما َي‬ َ ‫يد؛ ف ََواَلل َّ ِه الَّ ِذي اَل إ َل َه َغ ْي ُر ُه إ َّن َأ‬ َ ‫ح َدك ُْم َل َي ْع َم ُل بِ َع َملِ َأ ْهلِ ا ْل‬ ٍ ‫ َو َش ِقي َأ ْم س ِع‬،‫َو َع َم ِل ِه‬ َ ٍّ ِ ِ ٌ ‫إاَّل ِذ َرا‬ َ ‫ح َدك ُْم َل َي ْع َم ُل بِ َع َملِ َأ ْهلِ النَّا ِر‬ ‫حتَّى َما‬ َّ ‫ َو‬.‫خ ُل َها‬ َ ‫ِإن َأ‬ ُ ‫ع ف ََي ْس ِب ُق َع َل ْيه ا ْلك َت‬ ُ ‫اب ف ََي ْع َم ُل بِ َع َملِ َأ ْهلِ النَّا ِر ف ََي ْد‬ ُ ‫جن َِّة ف ََي ْد‬ َ ‫اب ف ََي ْع َم ُل بِ َع َملِ َأ ْهلِ ا ْل‬ ِ ِ ٌ ‫ون َب ْي َن ُه َو َب ْي َن َها إاَّل ِذ َرا‬."‫خ ُل َها‬ ُ ‫ع ف ََي ْس ِب ُق َع َل ْيه ا ْلك َت‬ ُ ‫ك‬ُ ‫َي‬ On the authority of Abdullah ibn Masood (ra), who said: The Messenger of Allah (‫)ﷺ‬, and he is the truthful, the believed, narrated to us, “Verily the creation of each one of you is brought together in his mother’s womb for forty days in the form of a nutfah (a drop), then he becomes an alaqah (clot of blood) for a like period, then a mudghah (morsel of flesh) for a like period, then there is sent to him the angel who blows his soul into him and who is commanded with four matters: to write down his rizq (sustenance), his life span, his actions, and whether he will be happy or unhappy (i.e., whether or not he will enter Paradise). 4 By the One, other than Whom there is no deity, verily one of you performs the actions of the people of Paradise until there is but an arms length between him and it, and that which has been written overtakes him, and so he acts with the actions of the people of the Hellfire and thus enters it; and verily one of you performs the actions of the people of the Hellfire, until there is but an arms length between him and it, and that which has been written overtakes him and so he acts with the actions of the people of Paradise and thus he enters it.” 15 [Bukhari & Muslim] Meaning and Interpretation This hadith describes how every human is created in the womb in four stages: 1. Nutfah (Drop of Fluid) – First 40 days as a sperm-drop. 2. Alaqah (Clot of Blood) – Second 40 days, forming a clot. 3. Mudghah (Piece of Flesh) – Third 40 days, when organs develop. 4. Soul is Breathed into the Fetus – After 120 days, an angel writes four things: Sustenance (rizq) Lifespan (ajal) Actions (deeds) Final destination (Jannah or Jahannam) EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 25 The hadith warns that a person may act righteously for years, but if he dies in sin, he enters Hell, showing that final deeds matter most. Interpretation from Scholars 1. Ibn Hajar: This hadith confirms Qadar (Divine Decree) and the importance of ending life in righteousness. 2. Imam Nawawi: It teaches that humans have free will but Allah already knows their choices. 3. Ibn Taymiyyah: This hadith doesn’t mean destiny is unfair; rather, Allah guides those who seek Him. Asbab Wurud (Context of Revelation) The Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬narrated this hadith to explain Allah’s decree in creation and why some people change before death. 4 Lessons 1. Qadar is a Reality: Everything, including life span and sustenance, is preordained. 2. Death Can Change Destiny: Someone may sin all life but repent sincerely and enter 15 Jannah. 3. Focus on Ending Well: A believer must always seek forgiveness and die in faith. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 26 HADITH 5: REJECTING BID’AH (INNOVATIONS) IN ISLAM ‫ َر ُسولُ الل َّ ِه صلى الله عليه وسلم‬: َ‫ قَال‬:‫ت‬ َ ‫ين ُأ ِّم َع ْب ِد الل َّ ِه َعاِئ‬ ِ ‫ش َة َر‬ ِِ ْ ‫ قَا َل‬،‫ض َي الل َّ ُه َع ْن َها‬ َ ‫َع ْن ُأ ِّم ا ْل ُمْؤ من‬ ]‫[و ُم ْس ِل ٌم‬، َ ‫[ر َوا ُه ا ْل ُب‬ ِ َ ِ َ ‫ح َد‬ َ ]‫ِي‬ ُّ ‫خار‬ َ ‫ث في َأ ْم ِر َنا َهذا َما َل ْي‬ َ ‫س م ْن ُه ف َُه َو َر ٌّد‬ ْ ‫"م ْن َأ‬ َ."‫س َع َل ْي ِه َأ ْم ُر َنا ف َُه َو َر ٌّد‬ ِ ٍ ‫َوفِي ر َِواي ٍَة ل ِ ُم ْس ِل‬ َ ‫ َم ْن َعم َل َع َماًل َل ْي‬:‫م‬ On the authority of the mother of the faithful, Aisha (ra), who said: The Messenger of Allah (‫ )ﷺ‬said, “He who innovates something in this matter of ours (i.e., Islam) that is not of it will have it rejected (by Allah).” [Bukhari & Muslim] In another version in Muslim it reads: “He who does an act which we have not commanded, will have it rejected (by Allah).” Meaning and Interpretation Any innovation not based on the Quran or Sunnah will be rejected. 4 This hadith teaches that acts of worship must have a basis in Islam. Interpretation from Scholars 1. Imam Nawawi: The main principle: Worship must align with the Quran and Sunnah. 15 2. Ibn Rajab: Any newly introduced practice in religion that lacks proof from the Quran or hadith is bid’ah. 3. Ibn Taymiyyah: Islam is complete, and adding new religious practices is a deviation. Asbab Wurud (Context of Revelation) This hadith was narrated after some Muslims introduced new practices into Islam, such as excessive fasting or celibacy without the Prophet’s approval. Lessons 1. Islam is Complete: No need for new religious innovations. 2. Follow the Sunnah: Worship must be based on authentic sources. 3. Beware of Bid’ah: Any unauthorized practice in religion leads people astray. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 27 HADITH 6: HALAL, HARAM AND SYUBHAH ‫ "إ َّن‬: ُ‫ َس ِم ْعت َر ُسولَ الل َّ ِه صلى الله عليه و سلم َيقُ ول‬: َ‫ قَال‬،‫ض َي الل َّ ُه َع ْن ُه َما‬ ِ ‫َع ْن َأبِي َع ْب ِد الل َّ ِه النُّ ْع َم‬ ِ ‫ان ْب ِن َب‬ ِ ‫شي ٍر َر‬ ِ ‫ ف ََم ْن اتَّقَ ى الشُّ ُب َه‬، ِ‫ير ِم ْن النَّاس‬ ‫ات ف َْقد‬ ٌ ‫ات اَل َي ْع َل ُم ُه َّن ك َِث‬ ٌ ‫ش َت ِب َه‬ َ ‫ِإن ا ْل‬ ٌ ‫ َو َب ْي َن ُه َما ُأ ُم‬،‫ح َرا َم َب ِّي ٌن‬ ْ ‫ور ُم‬ َ ‫ا ْل‬ َّ ‫ َو‬،‫حاَل لَ َب ِّي ٌن‬ ِ ِ‫ك َأ ْن َير َت َع ف‬ ِ ‫ح َمى ُي‬ ِ ‫ح ْولَ ا ْل‬ ِ ‫ كَالر‬،‫حرا ِم‬ ِ ِ ‫ َو َم ْن َوق ََع فِي الشُّ ُب َه‬،‫ض ِه‬ ِ ‫است َْب َرَأ ل ِ ِد‬ ِ ‫ين ِه َو ِع ْر‬ ،‫يه‬ ْ ُ ‫وش‬ َ ‫اعي َي ْر َعى‬ َّ َ َ ‫ات َوق ََع في ا ْل‬ ْ َ ‫ص َل َح ا ْل‬ ‫ج َس ُد‬ َ ‫ت‬ َ ‫ص َل‬ ْ ‫ح‬ َ ‫ض َغ ًة إذَا‬ َ ‫ِإن فِي ا ْل‬ ْ ‫ج َس ِد ُم‬ َ ‫ِإن ِح َمى الل َّ ِه َم‬ َّ ‫ َأاَل َو‬،‫حار ُِم ُه‬ َّ ‫ َأاَل َو‬،‫ك ِح ًمى‬ ٍ ‫ل َم ِل‬ ُ ِ ‫ِإن ل‬ ِّ ‫ك‬ َّ ‫َأاَل َو‬ ِ ُ ‫ َأاَل َوه َي ا ْلقَ ْل‬،‫كلُّ ُه‬."‫ب‬ َ ‫ت ف ََس َد ا ْل‬ ُ ‫ج َس ُد‬ ْ ‫ َو إذَا ف ََس َد‬،‫كلُّ ُه‬ ُ On the authority of an-Nu’man ibn Basheer (ra), who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (‫ )ﷺ‬say, “That which is lawful is clear and that which is unlawful is clear, and between the two of them are doubtful matters about which many people do not know. Thus he who avoids doubtful matters clears himself in regard to his religion and his honor, but he who falls into doubtful matters [eventually] falls into that which is unlawful, like the shepherd who pastures around a sanctuary, all but grazing therein. Truly every king has a sanctuary, and truly Allah’s sanctuary is His prohibitions. Truly in the body there is a morsel of flesh, which, if it 4be whole, all the body is whole, and which, if it is diseased, all of [the body] is diseased. Meaning and Interpretation Truly, it is the heart.” [Bukhari & Muslim] 15 The Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬divides matters into three categories: 1. Halal (Lawful): Clearly permitted in Islam. 2. Haram (Unlawful): Clearly prohibited by Islam. 3. Syubuhat (Doubtful): Uncertain matters that many people do not know. He compares doubtful matters to a shepherd grazing near a restricted area—if he is not careful, he will cross into the forbidden. Interpretation from Scholars 1. Imam Nawawi: This hadith is a foundation for Islamic ethics, showing how a believer must avoid doubtful matters. 2. Ibn Rajab: The heart is the key to righteousness. If it is pure, all actions will be pure. 3. Ibn Hajar: Avoiding doubtful matters is a sign of true faith and leads to a closer relationship with Allah. EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 28 Asbab Wurud (Context of Revelation) This hadith was taught to emphasize piety—many early Muslims avoided even doubtful matters out of fear of committing haram. Lessons 1. Avoid Doubtful Matters: If something is unclear, stay away from it. 2. Protect the Heart: The purity of the heart determines a person’s faith. 3. Be Cautious with Actions: A believer must think before acting to ensure they stay within halal. 4 15 EDIE 1111 (Quranic and Prophetic Texts) | 29 HADITH 7: SINCERITY AND NASIHAH (ADVICE) IN ISLAM :‫" قُ ْل َنا‬.‫يح ُة‬ َ ‫ص‬ِ َّ‫ين الن‬ ِ ‫ِي َر‬ ُ ‫ "ال ِّد‬: َ‫ض َي الل ُه َع ْن ُه َأ َّن النَّ ِب َّي صلى الله عليه وسلم قَال‬ ِ ‫َع ْن َأبِي ُرق ََّي َة َت ِمي‬ ِّ ‫م ْب ِن َأ ْوسٍ ال َّدار‬

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