Earth Science Past Paper PDF

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in 6. Which type of weathering involves the breaking of CAPITAL LETTERS. rocks into smaller pieces without changing their...

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in 6. Which type of weathering involves the breaking of CAPITAL LETTERS. rocks into smaller pieces without changing their composition? 1. Which type of igneous rock forms when magma cools a) Chemical weathering slowly beneath the Earth's surface? b) Biological weathering a) Intrusive c) Physical weathering b) Extrusive d) Oxidative weathering c) Sedimentary d) Metamorphic 7. Which of the following contributes most to soil erosion? a) Deforestation 2. What geological process is primarily responsible for the b) Planting crops formation of oceanic trenches? c) Recycling a) Subduction d) Urbanization b) Seafloor spreading c) Volcanism d) Erosion 8. The process of mantle rock melting due to reduced 3. Which layer of the Earth is responsible for generating pressure is called: convection currents that drive tectonic plates? a) Thermal melting a) Crust b) Flux melting b) Mantle c) Decompression melting c) Outer Core d) Radioactive melting d) Inner Core 9. What is the main driver of seafloor spreading? 4. What is the primary factor causing magma to rise a) Gravity toward the surface? b) Mantle convection currents a) Increased pressure c) Volcanic activity b) Higher density than surrounding rocks d) Earth’s rotation c) Lower density than surrounding rocks 10. What is the primary environmental impact of improper d) Tidal forces hazardous waste disposal? 5. The Earth's magnetic field is generated by: a) Acid rain formation a) Rotation of the Earth b) Soil and water contamination b) Molten iron in the outer core c) Increased vegetation growth c) Convection in the mantle d) Decreased weathering of rocks d) Radioactive decay in the crust 11. Which geological feature forms at a divergent 16. Which type of rock is most likely to form at mid-ocean boundary? ridges? a) Mountain range a) Sedimentary b) Rift valley b) Metamorphic c) Volcanic arc c) Extrusive igneous d) Trench d) Intrusive igneous 12. Recycling reduces waste by: 17. What process involves the repeated freezing and a) Converting waste to energy thawing of water in rock cracks? b) Creating reusable products from old materials a) Dissolution c) Burning non-biodegradable items b) Frost wedging d) Compressing solid waste c) Chemical oxidation d) Carbonation 13. Which type of weathering involves the alteration of a rock's mineral composition? 18. A volcanic hotspot is caused by: a) Physical weathering a) Plate subduction b) Chemical weathering b) Magma rising from deep in the mantle c) Biological weathering c) Seafloor spreading d) Mechanical weathering d) Plate collision 14. What term describes the addition of water to rocks to 19. Which of the following accelerates the weathering lower their melting point? process? a) Volatile incorporation a) Low temperatures b) Flux melting b) Acid rain c) Heat transfer c) Thick vegetation cover d) Radioactive heating d) Absence of water 15. Composting is an example of: 20. What is the environmental benefit of the "3 R's" a) Waste incineration (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)? b) Solid waste reduction a) Reduces landfill space usage c) Hazardous waste treatment b) Increases deforestation d) Recycling c) Generates more waste d) Promotes consumerism II. Modified True or False Write "TRUE" if the statement is correct. If false, replace the underlined word or phrase to make the statement correct. __________ 31. Acid rain is a natural factor that accelerates __________ 21. The Earth's lithosphere includes both the the weathering of rocks. True crust and the rigid upper mantle. True __________ 32. Magma that solidifies beneath the Earth's __________ 22. Physical weathering changes the chemical surface forms intrusive igneous rocks. True composition of rocks. False/Chemical __________ 33. The mid-ocean ridge is a feature formed at a __________ 23. Composting helps reduce biodegradable convergent boundary. False/ Divergent Boundary waste. True __________ 34. Landfilling is the most effective way to __________ 24. Decompression melting occurs due to an manage all types of waste. False/ Least Effective increase in pressure. False/Decrease in pressure __________ 35. Physical weathering occurs without altering __________ 25. Agricultural runoff is primarily associated the mineral composition of rocks. True with gaseous waste. False/Livestock Farming __________ 26. The mantle is the Earth's layer responsible for tectonic plate motion. True __________ 27. Solid waste includes only non-biodegradable materials. False/ Does not include __________ 28. Flux melting involves the addition of water to mantle rocks. True __________ 29. The core is the primary source of the Earth’s magnetic field. True __________ 30. High surface area of rocks slows down the weathering process. False/ Speeds up/ Accelerate Write the term described by the statement. IV. Fill in the Blanks __________ 36. Rocks formed by the cooling of lava on the Complete each sentence with the appropriate word or phrase. Earth’s surface. Extrusive Igneous Rocks 46. Magma rises because it is __________ than __________ 37. The movement of molten iron in this layer surrounding rocks. Less Dense generates the Earth’s magnetic field. Outer Core 47. __________ melting occurs due to the reduction of __________ 38. A type of weathering caused by oxidation of pressure in mantle rocks. Decompression minerals like iron. Chemical Weathering 48. The Earth’s magnetic field is generated by __________ __________ 39. The process where volatiles lower the melting in the outer core. Molten Iron point of mantle rocks. Flux Melting 49. __________ and __________ are the environmental __________ 40. The primary driver of tectonic plate motion factors that accelerate weathering. Temperature and within the Earth’s mantle. Convection Current Moisture __________ 41. A geological feature formed where tectonic 50. The 3 R’s of waste management are __________, plates move apart. Mid-Ocean Ridges __________, and __________. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle __________ 42. The primary source of heat within the Earth’s interior. Core __________ 43. A type of rock formed through heat and pressure without melting. Metamorphic Rock __________ 44. A waste management method that turns organic waste into nutrient-rich material. Composting __________ 45. A natural phenomenon caused by plumes of hot mantle rock rising. Volcanic Hotspot