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ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES QUARTER 2 ANALYZES THE ARGUMENTS USED BY THE WRITER/S IN MANIFESTOES Analyzes the arguments used by the writer/s in manifestos Identify the different categories of manifestoes Infer meaning from the arguments VOCABULARY LIST ◦Manifesto- a document publ...

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES QUARTER 2 ANALYZES THE ARGUMENTS USED BY THE WRITER/S IN MANIFESTOES Analyzes the arguments used by the writer/s in manifestos Identify the different categories of manifestoes Infer meaning from the arguments VOCABULARY LIST ◦Manifesto- a document publicly declaring the position or program of its issuer. It advances a set of ideas, opinions, or views but it can also lay out a plan of action. While it can address any topic, it most often concerns art, literature, or politics. ◦Arguments- reasons or the reasoning given for or against a matter under discussion — compare evidence, proof Directions: Read the text below and answer the questions in a separate sheet of paper or in your notebook. Most people don’t get enough sleep. We are a society that burns the candle at both ends, a nation where people stay up all night to study, work, or have fun. However, going without adequate sleep carries with it both short- and long-term consequences. In the short term, a lack of adequate sleep can affect judgment, mood, ability to learn and retain information, and may increase the risk of serious accidents and injury. In the long term, chronic sleep deprivation may lead to a host of 1.What is the main argument discussed in the text? 2.What are the reasons presented to support the main claim? 3.Do you agree with the statement above? Manifesto is a document publicly declaring the position or program of its issuer. It advances a set of ideas, opinions, or views but it can also lay out a plan of action. While it can address any topic, it most often concerns art, literature, or politics. Manifesto are generally written in the name of a group sharing a common perspective, ideology, or purpose Table 1. Major Categories of Manifesto according to FIRSTPOST.com Major Categories of CHARACTERISTIC Manifesto A goal can be a manifesto when we share it with other people. It’s GOAL public, it’s a declaration and it’s about what one intends to have happened. LIST AND RULE A manifesto containing set of rules for behaving within a specific context or a list of items to be achieved or tasks to be fulfilled. Table 1. Major Categories of Manifesto according to FIRSTPOST.com Major Categories of CHARACTERISTIC Manifesto This type of manifesto aims to 3. World create a new world. It’s not about simple rules, instead, it presents a vision for the future. A solemn declaration by the constituted authorities of a nation which contains the reason for its public acts towards another. On the declaration of war, a manifesto is usually issued in which the If you are going to notice the highlighted words from the characteristics of the different categories of manifesto, the common thing about them is that a, MANIFESTO or the writer of a manifesto, aims for a change in state or in other words, the author is trying to convince the reader to believe the concept that he/she is trying to convey by giving arguments or logical reasons that will catch the attention of the reader and eventually believing it. As a reader, the challenge however lies on how will you Add- on Info A understand the statement can meaning that the only be author or writer considered an wanted you to know. argument if it presents proof How will you know the or evidences, arguments presented? however if it Let’s take a few does not, it is moments to review only a mere opinion. ◦Arguments is defined as a reason or the reasoning given for or against a matter under discussion — compare evidence, proof. However, change can only be achieved if the reader fully understands the argument that is accompanied with evidences(reasons) that the author is trying to emphasize. ◦To do that, take a look at these steps below.  Table 2 Example of Manifesto and Analysis of Arguments. Category Example of Manifesto Analysis of the Argument 1. GOAL In adversity, the crisis has also brought out some of 1.The argument that the the best in our societies, from solidarity among manifesto wanted to me to neighbors, to the bravery of health and other key believe in is that “COVID- 19 workers in facing down risks to their own health to Pandemic has brought about serve their communities, to countries working Positive Effects.” together to provide emergency relief or to research treatments and vaccines. The “lockdown” measures that have been necessary to control the spread of COVID- 19 have slowed economic activity and disrupted lives- but have also given some glimpses of a possible brighter future. Table 2 Example of Manifesto and Analysis of Arguments. Category Example of Manifesto Analysis of the Argument In some places, pollution levels have dropped to such an extent that people have breathed clean air, or have been seen blue skies and clean waters, or have been able to walk and cycle safely with their children- for the first times in their lives. The use of digital technology has accelerated new ways of working and connecting with each other, from reducing time spent commuting, to more flexible ways of studying, to carrying out medical consultations remotely, to spending more time with our families. Opinion polls from around the world show that people want to protect the environment and preserve the positive that have emerged from the crisis as we recover. Category Example of Analysis of the Argument Manifesto 2. First reason the author makes to support his/ her conclusion is found on the first sentence where the author uses the reason as his/ her example to prove his/ her claim, “Solidarity among neighbors and bravery of health and other key workers, to countries working together to provide emergency relief or to research treatments and vaccines.”. 3.List of the other Reasons: a. Pollution levels have dropped where people have breathed fresh air, have seen blue skies, and clean waters. b. Reduced time spent commuting and flexible ways of studying because of digital connecting with each other. c. Spending a lot of time with families. d. Raise awareness of environment conservation. Category Example Analysis of the Argument of Manifest o 4. If the argument has several different reasons, we select the most important reason to know the main argument, but you need not select the main reason with this kind of argument where all reasons fall under a single main reason which is “the positive effects or impact of COVID Pandemic,” Explanation for being a manifesto categorized under Goal: The manifesto does not use obviously convincing words rather it hides the intention of changing people’s mind using positive pictures or situation. It shares to the reader the goal or the picture of something that everyone will accept and appreciate with the subtle purpose of making people believe the premise. It is different with World in the sense that it does not impose the goal. Note: A manifesto could be in this category if the goal (something beautiful and acceptable to everyone) is shared to reader for them to appreciate and eventually to believe in the arguments presented.  Table 2 Example of Manifesto and Analysis of Arguments. Category Example of Manifesto Analysis of the Argument 2. List and Rules Management of people with COVID-19 The manifesto simply or their contacts indicates the argument Workers who are unwell or who about the ways to develop symptoms consistent with manage people COVID-19 should be urged to stay at infected with COVID- home, self-isolate, and contact a 19 or their contacts. medical professional or the local COVID-19 information line for advice on testing and referral.19 Category Example of Analysis of the Argument Manifesto Where local community Explanation on how it is a manifesto under List transmission is high, and work and Rules: continues, allow for a ❖ The manifesto sets the rules (the bulleted telemedicine consultation where information) on how to do things in a specific available, or consider waiving the situation. requirement for a medical note for workers who are sick so that they may stay home. All workers should be urged to self-monitor their health, possibly with the use of questionnaires, and take their body temperature regularly. Category Example of Manifesto Analysis of the Argument All workers should be urged to self-monitor their health, possibly with the use of questionnaires, and take their body temperature regularly. Thermal screening at the workplace should be considered only in the context of a combination of measures for prevention and control of COVID-19 at the workplace and along with risk communication Category Example of Manifesto Analysis of the Argument Standard operating procedures should be prepared to manage a person who becomes sick at the workplace and is suspected of having COVID-19, including placing the person in an isolation room, limiting the number of people in contact, using personal protective equipment and performing follow- up cleaning and disinfection. It is important to contact the local health authorities and to keep attendance and meeting records in order to facilitate or undertake contact tracing  Table 2 Example of Manifesto and Analysis of Arguments. Category Example of Manifesto Analysis of the Argument 3. World. “NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, 1. The main assertion that this President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers manifesto is pointing at is that vested upon me by Article VII, Section 10, Paragraph the declaration of martial law in (2) of the Constitution, do hereby place the entire the country or also known as Philippines as defined in Article I, Section 1 of the the Proclamation no. 1081 s. Constitution under martial law and, in my capacity as 1972.simply because it is what their commander-in-chief, do hereby command the this manifesto is all about. It is armed forces of the Philippines, to maintain law and what the author envisions. order throughout the Philippines, prevent or suppress all forms of lawless violence as well as any act of insurrection or rebellion and to enforce obedience to all the laws and decrees, orders and regulations promulgated by me personally or upon my direction. Category Example of Manifesto Analysis of the Argument In addition, I do hereby order that all 2. The first reason that persons presently detained, as well as supports the assertion is all others who may hereafter be the one that follows similarly detained for the crimes of immediately after the insurrection or rebellion, and all other assertion, in the case of crimes and offenses committed in this manifesto, it is the furtherance or on the occasion “maintain law and order thereof, or incident thereto, or in throughout the connection therewith, for crimes Philippines”. against national security and the law of nations, crimes against public order, crimes involving usurpation of authority, rank, title and improper use of names, uniforms and insignia, crimes committed by public Category Example of Analysis of the Argument Manifesto officers, and for such other 3. The other reasons mentioned are; crimes as will be enumerated in (a.) prevent or suppress all forms of lawless violence as Orders that I shall subsequently well as any act of insurrection or rebellion promulgate, as well as crimes (b.) to enforce obedience to all the laws and decrees, as a consequence of any orders and regulations violation of any decree, order or These reasons can also be acknowledged as the vision regulation promulgated by me of the future that the author declares that makes this personally or promulgated upon manifesto as an example under the category “world.” my direction shall be kept under detention until otherwise ordered released by me or by Note: It is only a manifesto under world if the my duly designated declaration is done by an authority or authorized group representative.” to do the declaration and if it envisions change in the future. TASK 1. Directions: Read the following content carefully and identify the major category of manifesto and explain briefly why it is so. Write your answers in the piece of paper or in your notebook. Example: In the recent years, Filipino martial arts have been appropriated by a number of Hollywood action films. Tom Cruise (Mission Impossible 2), Angelina Jolie (Tomb Raider: Cradle of Life) and Matt Damon (Bourne Series) utilized the Pinoy Fighting form or one of its many variants. (Pepper Marcelo) Answer: Category- Goal Explanation: The manifesto is about the Filipino Martial Arts being known in other countries. If you are a Filipino, this idea would be something that you dream to happen and would want to happen. It belongs to the category GOAL since the assertion made by the writer is a situation that is positive for everyone. 1. “The National Democratic Front of the Philippines and the broad masses of the people themselves need to refrain from launching tactical offensiveness to gain more time and opportunity to fight the COVID- 19 pandemic and to look after the health and power- all welfare of the people in both urban and rural areas.”- Jose Maria “Joma” Sison, exiled founder of 2. How to vote on election day in 12 easy steps Step 1: Go to your assigned polling precinct from 6 a.m. to 5 p.m. on May 9 The Commission on Election (Comelec) advises voters to come early and not wait until the last minute. Look for your name in the voters list posted near the precinct. The Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting (PPCRV) voter’s assistance desk in the polling place can also help you look for your precinct, sequence, Step 2: Fall in line in the holding area Step 3: Give your name, valid I.D., and precinct number to the Board of Election Inspectors (BEIs) Step 4: Get your ballot, ballot secrecy folder, marker, and go to the voting area Make sure your ballot is clean of any marks. Step 5: Vote wisely Under voting and abstaining is allowed; over voting is not. If you over vote, the vote will not be counted. Shade the entire oval corresponding to your candidate of choice. Cover your ballot using the ballot secrecy folder; even the poll watchers and BEI cannot look at your Step 6: Feed your ballot into the vote-counting machine The machine has a green check button that casts your vote and a red "X" button that returns your ballot. If you don't press either in one second, the machine automatically casts your ballot and prints a receipt. Step 7: Return the ballot secrecy folder and marker Step 8: Wait for your receipt to print and let the precinct supervisor cut your receipt from the machine Do not tear or pull the voter's receipt because it can cause the entire roll of thermal paper to be yanked, which may cause the vote-counting machines (VCMs) to temporarily shut down. The BEI will cut the receipt Step 9: Have your right forefinger marked with indelible ink Step 10: Take your voter's receipt and verify your vote Step 11: Drop the receipt in the receptacle beside the VCM provided by Comelec ,Step 12: Leave the polling precinct 4. As adults, we can accept bad language on TV programs, as long as it relates to the program in question (i.e. drama series or films). However, children should not have to hear that sort of language. I’m not a prude by any means, but I find it really depressing when I hear children from children to toddler age and up using foul language. Of course, they learn this from their parents and other family members, but let’s minimize their exposure by Task 2. Directions: Read the manifesto below and give your analysis on the following arguments. Write your answers in a paper or in your notebook.  Video Games Adversely Affect Children’s Brains By: Rafael Castillo A lot of children in the Philippines and worldwide are crazy about video game play (VGP). Some parents even encourage it with the belief that it can increase their children’s dexterity and could even improve their IQ. We now have robust scientific data indicating this impression to be erroneous. Although some scientific studies suggest that VGP may improve certain types of visual agility skills, negative effects of VGP outweigh them, with unfavorable effects on verbal memory, attention, sleep, learning and Most children regularly engaging in VGP have demonstrated by sophisticated imaging studies that the release of the hormone dopamine is increased, which is associated with most types of addiction. A high level of dopamine makes one experience pleasure. Repeated exposure to an addictive substance or behavior such as playing video games conditions the brain cells in key areas like the prefrontal cortex—the area of the brain involved in planning and executing tasks—to crave and go after the substance or behavior causing the release of dopamine. The end result is being “addicted” to the source of pleasure, and in our children’s case— Some scientists describe the effect of video games as “hijacking the pleasure center,” which is the same reward circuit in the brain involved with motivation and memory. Since an addictive behavior like VGP stimulates the same circuit, this part becomes “hijacked and overloaded,” unfavorably affecting the child’s memory, learning and motivation to acquire other knowledge and skills. Hence, for many children, they may prefer playing their video games than doing their school assignments or reviewing for their exams. Source: Excerpts from, Rafael Castillo, “Video Games Task 3. Directions: In two paragraphs, write your reaction in your notebook to the arguments presented by the writer in the manifesto above. Use the questions below as guide in writing your reaction. A. Is the argument generally logically acceptable? B. Are the evidences presented realistic? C. Is the argument leading to the development of society?  POST- TEST A. Directions: Read the manifesto below and analyze the arguments presented by the writer by answering the questions in your notebook. MANILA, Philippines — Locally stranded individuals (LSI) need not to present the results of their coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) swab test before returning to provinces, Interior Secretary Eduardo Año clarified Monday. Año issued the clarification after stranded passengers at the North Port Passenger Terminal in Tondo, Manila were reportedly required to present swab test results. “Hindi required ‘yung PCR [polymerase chain reaction] testing sa kanila. Hindi pa naman na-approve ‘yung bagong pino-propose nating protocol na maga-undergo ng PCR testing ang mga LSI pero ito ay “So ngayon, yung current protocols pa rin natin na medical clearance certificate, travel authority and then pagdating sa LGU, 14 days mandatory quarantine,” he added. (Right now, the current protocols remain – they should have a medical clearance certificate, travel authority and upon arriving to the LGU, a 14-day mandatory quarantine.) Last week, Malacañang said stranded individuals and overseas Filipino workers will soon be required to undergo COVID-19 swab tests before they could return to their provinces so that local government units will no longer have to worry that the returning residents will become carriers of the virus. Source: Krissy Aguilar, Inquirer.Net, July 2020 1.What is the main point or idea of the manifesto above? ____________________________________________________________ _______________ 2.List down the evidences presented as proof to the argument. ____________________________________________________________ _______________ B. What category does the above manifesto belong? Defend your answer. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ____________ ASSIGNMENT/ ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY Read one editorial news from a local newspaper and analyze the arguments presented by the writer. THANK YOU!