Ankle Plantar Flexion PDF

# 24^th Lecture, Theoretical Part: Ankle Plantar Flexion ### Objectives At the end of this lecture, the student will be able to: 1. Identify the primary muscles involved in ankle Plantar Flexion. 2. Identify the range of motion of ankle Plantar Flexion. 3. Describe the effect of weaknes...

# 24^th Lecture, Theoretical Part: Ankle Plantar Flexion ### Objectives At the end of this lecture, the student will be able to: 1. Identify the primary muscles involved in ankle Plantar Flexion. 2. Identify the range of motion of ankle Plantar Flexion. 3. Describe the effect of weakness of ankle Plantar Flexion. 4. Describe the effect of contracture of ankle plantar Flexion. ### Content 1. Primary muscles involved in ankle Plantar Flexion 2. Range of motion of ankle Plantar Flexion 3. Effect of weakness of ankle Plantar Flexion 4. Effect of contracture of ankle Plantar Flexion ## Ankle Plantar Flexion ### Primary Muscles: Calf muscle * Soleus * Gastrocnemius * Plantaris ### Accessory Muscles * Tibialis posterior * Peroneus longus * Peroneus brevis * Flexor hallucis longus * Flexor digitorum longus ### Range of Motion The range of motion of Ankle plantar flexion is of 40 to 45 degrees. ### Factors Limiting Motion 1. Tension of tibialis anterior ## Anatomy of Soleus ### Origin * From tibia: Soleal line and middle third of posterior border of tibia. * From fibula: upper quarter of posterior shaft of fibula including neck ### Insertion Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior surface of calcaneus (Fig. 1). ### Action Plantar flexes foot. ### Nerve Tibial nerve ### Anatomy of Gastrocnemius Muscle ### Origin * Lateral head: posterior surface of lateral condyle of femur * Medial head: posterior surface of femur above medial condyle ### Insertion Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior surface of calcaneus (Fig. 2). ### Action * Plantar flexes foot * Flexes knee ### Nerve Tibial nerve ### Anatomy of Plantaris ### Origin Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius. ### Insertion Tendo calcaneus (Fig.3). ### Action * Plantar flexes foot. * Flexes knee. ### Nerve Tibial nerve ### Effects of weakness * Weakness of these muscles resulted in a hyperextended position of the knee as well as in a non-weight bearing position as in standing. * During walking the inability to rise on toes and consequently to transfer weight normally forward results in a gastrocnemius limp. ### Effects of shortness or contracture * Shortness or contracture results in equines position of the foot and flexion of the knee (Fig 4). * Muscle shortness causes a restriction of the ankle dorsi flexion when the knee is extended. * Muscle shortness causes a restriction of knee extension when the ankle is dorsiflexed. ## Images The images below depict various aspects of the ankle plantar flexion: * **Figure. 1: Soleus Muscle** * **Figure. 2: Gastrocnemius Muscle.** * **Figure. 3: Plantaris Muscle.** * **Figure. 4: Equinus Foot.** This lecture provides a detailed overview of the anatomy and physiological functions of the muscles involved in ankle plantar flexion, as well as the effects of weakness and contracture.