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Questions and Answers
Which primary muscle is NOT involved in ankle plantar flexion?
Which primary muscle is NOT involved in ankle plantar flexion?
What is the typical range of motion for ankle plantar flexion?
What is the typical range of motion for ankle plantar flexion?
What is a possible consequence of weakness in the muscles responsible for ankle plantar flexion?
What is a possible consequence of weakness in the muscles responsible for ankle plantar flexion?
Which of the following is an accessory muscle involved in ankle plantar flexion?
Which of the following is an accessory muscle involved in ankle plantar flexion?
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What effect does contracture of the ankle plantar flexors have on the position of the foot?
What effect does contracture of the ankle plantar flexors have on the position of the foot?
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Which nerve is responsible for innervating the primary muscles involved in ankle plantar flexion?
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the primary muscles involved in ankle plantar flexion?
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Which condition can result from muscle shortness in the plantar flexors?
Which condition can result from muscle shortness in the plantar flexors?
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What is the action of the plantaris muscle?
What is the action of the plantaris muscle?
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Study Notes
Ankle Plantar Flexion
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Primary Muscles:
- Soleus
- Gastrocnemius
- Plantaris
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Accessory Muscles:
- Tibialis posterior
- Peroneus longus
- Peroneus brevis
- Flexor hallucis longus
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Range of Motion: 40-45 degrees
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Factors Limiting Motion:
- Tension of tibialis anterior
Effects of Weakness
- Hyperextended knee position, especially while standing
- Difficulty transferring weight normally while walking (leading to a gastrocnemius limp)
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Anatomical Origins and Inertions (Soleus):
- Origin: Soleal line of tibia, middle third of posterior border of tibia, upper quarter of posterior shaft of fibula, including neck
- Insertion: Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior surface of calcaneus
- Action: Plantar flexes foot
- Nerve: Tibial nerve
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Anatomical Origins and Inertions (Gastrocnemius):
- Origin: Lateral head - posterior surface of lateral condyle of femur; Medial head - posterior surface of femur above medial condyle
- Insertion: Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior surface of calcaneus
- Action: Plantar flexes foot, flexes knee
- Nerve: Tibial nerve
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Anatomical Origins and Inertions (Plantaris):
- Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius
- Insertion: Calcaneal tendon (tendo calcaneus)
- Action: Plantar flexes foot, flexes knee
- Nerve: Tibial nerve
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Effects of Shortness or Contracture:
- Equinus foot position (foot points downward) and knee flexion
- Restricted ankle dorsiflexion when knee is extended
- Restricted knee extension when ankle is dorsiflexed
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Description
Test your knowledge on ankle plantar flexion, focusing on primary and accessory muscles, anatomical origins and insertions, and effects of weakness. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of the mechanics and function of the calf muscles in ankle movement.
