Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction PDF

D Disast Readine and Risk Reduction Third Quarter :p Disaster, Disaster Risk, and Disaster Risk Drivers 1.1 Disaster - A serious disruption of the functioning of a Hazard community/society at any scale due to hazardous - Source/condition that...

D Disast Readine and Risk Reduction Third Quarter :p Disaster, Disaster Risk, and Disaster Risk Drivers 1.1 Disaster - A serious disruption of the functioning of a Hazard community/society at any scale due to hazardous - Source/condition that has the potential to cause events interacting with conditions of exposure, harm to humans in the form of injury or illness, vulnerability, and capacity that may lead to one/ property damage, environmental damage, or a more of: human, material, economic, and combination of these. environmental losses and impacts - Natural hazards have been happening for thousands of years (even before we were around) - Sudden, calamitous occurence causing great but these only become hazards when it affects harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life humans. and property. It disrupts the usual course of life, causing both physical and emotional distress like an - Human-made induced hazards are caused by intense feeling of helplessness and hopelessness human activities but these can be prevented unlike preceding definition of disaster stresses that two natural hazards. elements are affected (human or animal) in life and property 1. Technological/Industrial Disasters - unregulated industrialization and inadequate - Damage caused by disasters cannot be measured. safety standards increase the risk for industrial It also differs with the kind of geographical disasters location, climate, earth's specific characteristics and level of vulnerability. These generally affect Ex: leaks of hazardous materials, accidental the psychological, socio-economic, political, and explosions, bridge/road collapses, vehicle collisions, ethnical state of the affected area. power cuts 2. Terrorism/Violence Disasters are often results of: - Threat of terrorism has increased due to spread -exposure to a hazard of technologies involving nuclear, biological, and - conditions of vulnerability that are present chemical agents used to develop weapons of mass - insufficient capacity/measures to reduce/cope destruction. with potential negative consequences Ex: bombs/explosions, release of chemical materials, release of biological agents, release of Impacts of a disaster: radioactive agents, multiple or massive shootings, - loss of life mutinies - injury - disease 3. Complex Humanitarian Emergencies - other negative effect on human (physical, mental, - Used to describe the humanitarian emergency social wellbeing) resulting from an international/civil war. Large - damage to properties numbers of people are displaced from their homes due to the lack of personal safety and the - destruction of assets disruption of basic infrastructure including food - loss of services distribution, water, electricity, and sanitation, or - social and economic disruptions communities are left stranded and isolated in their own homes unable to access assistance. - environmental degradation Ex: conflicts/wars and genocide the deliberate Natural Disaster - caused by natural forces like killing of a large group of people, especially those earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, of a particular ethnic group or nation. hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme temperatures. 1.2 Disaster Risk 1.3 Disaster Risk Drivers - Potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed/damaged - Promotes/Increases the risk of a disaster assets which could occur to a system, society, or a 1. Climate Change - can amplify disaster risk while community in a specific period. weakening the resilience of the community. Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability Capacity 2.Poverty - extreme poverty equates to greater disaster impact. Exposure - situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities, and other tangible 3. Socio-economic inequality - result in limited capacity of households and communities to human assets located in hazard-prone areas manage the risk and improve their resilience. Vulnerability - condition determined by physical, social, 4. Increase population density/growth - higher economic, and environmental factors/processes which population = greater vulnerability to disasters. increases the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of 5. Rapid and unplanned urbanization - can result to hazards. increased severity of disasters. Capacity - combination of all strengths, attributes, 6. Environmental degradation - can reduce the and resources available within an organization, environmental capacity to provide social and community, or society to manage and reduce ecological needs. disaster risks and strengthen resilience. 7. Lack of awareness - households, communities, Natural Hazards and Disasters - results and and societies who have lack of awareness on outcomes of naturally occuring processes that disasters are not disaster prepared thus can occurred throughout Earth's history. aggravate disaster risk. Ex: food, volcanic eruptions, insect 8. Weak Governance - inefficient and infestation, tropical cyclone, earthquake, incompetent protection of human rights and tsunami, landslide, hurricane, tornado, failure to provide public service can happen due sinkhole, drought, storm surge, etc. to weak governance. Man-Made / Human-Induced / Anthropogenic Hazards and Disasters - occur as a result or an outcome of human actions and interactions with other people and the environment. Ex: Chemical threat, hazardous material, nuclear blast, cyber-attack, terrorism, civil unrest, bioweapon etc.