Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction Basics PDF

DISASTER READINESS  & RISK REDUCTION  LESSON 1: INTRO - DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION  what is the purpose of drrr? Disaster risk reduction is aimed at preventing new and reducing existing disaster risk and managing residual risk, all of which contri...

DISASTER READINESS  & RISK REDUCTION  LESSON 1: INTRO - DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION  what is the purpose of drrr? Disaster risk reduction is aimed at preventing new and reducing existing disaster risk and managing residual risk, all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and therefore to the achievement of sustainable development.  as a student, do you think this subject will help you to become more effective in society in case of emergency situations? LESSON OBJECTIVES: 1. Describe and understand the meaning of disaster, risk, hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. 2. Appreciate the significance of the five important words in this subject. let’s know the basic concepts of drrr! Disaster Disaster Risk Hazards Exposure & Vulnerability  disaster LET’S EXPLORE THE MEANING OF DISASTER, HAZARD, RISK, EXPOSURE & VULNERABILITY watchavid! GUIDE QUESTIONS: 1.What do you see in the video? 2. What might have caused this event to happen? 3. What do you think makes the people in the video vulnerable to this event? WATCHAVID! LET’S HAVE DISCUSSION! WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY DISASTER?  disaster is "a sudden, calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and property”. It disrupts the usual course of life, causing both physical and emotional distress such asan intense feeling of helplessness and hopelessness. A preceding definition of disaster stresses that two elements are affected –life (whether human or animal) and property. The effects vary –it maybe a minor damage (like broken windows and doors), major damage (like torn rooftops, collapsed walls), total destruction (like completely destroyed houses and structures rendering them useless and inhabitable) and the worstscenario, it can lead to death. (Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, ADPC, 2012)  DISASTER Disasters are often a result of the combination of the exposure to a hazard; the conditions of vulnerability that are present; and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences  EXAMPLE OF DISASTER 1. TYPHOON YOLANDA Strength 290 KM/PH Its devastating effect to human, material and environment. More than 7000 people perished. The entire city of Tacloban was flattened.  EXAMPLE OF DISASTER 2. WOWOWEE STAMPEDE They became so popular that thousands of fans flock to ULTRA watch the noon time show which turned out to disastrous tragedy due to human- induced disturbance.  EXAMPLE OF DISASTER 3. TYPHOON ONDOY Typhoon ondoy turned into a disaster because of the amount of precipitation brought by its torrential rains that lasted several days causing flood and flash floods in Metro Manila Thousands of houses submerged and washed away. Power and water supplies were cut off. And hundreds of lives perished. DISASTER RISK? The probability that a community’s structure or geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard.  NATURE NATURAL DISASTER OF These originate from the different forces of DISASTER nature. Natural disasters such as:  NATURE MAN-MADE DISASTER OF These disasters occur due to people’s DISASTER actions against human, material and environment such as:  WHY DOES THE PHILIPPINES HAS A HIGH VULNERABILITY TO NATURAL HAZARDS? Due to its geographic position in Southeast Asia.  EFFECTS DISPLACED POPULATIONS OF DISASTER A large influx of refugees can disrupt accessibility of health care and education, as well as food supplies and clean water HEALTH RISKS Severe flooding can result in stagnant water that allows breeding of waterborne bacteria and malaria-carrying mosquitoes.. Dengue fever is another serious health problem caused by mosquitoes (aedes aegypti).  EFFECTS FOOD SCARCITY OF Food often becomes scarce. Thousand of people DISASTER around the world go hungry as a result of destroyed crops and loss of agricultural supplies, whether it happens suddenly in a storm or drought. EMOTIONAL AFTERSHOCKS Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for young children. Due to the destructions and deaths, children develop PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), a serious condition resulting from extreme trauma.  is hazard the same with risk?  hazard A hazard is the hazard will cause harm and how serious that harm could be. It may occur any moment; it may be drought, tsunami, tidal waves, war and others.  RISK Risk is a combination of two things – the chance that the hazard will cause harm and how serious that harm could be.  hazard and risk A hazard is anything that could cause harm. And, risk, is a combination of two things – the chance that the hazard will cause harm and how serious that harm could be. FOR EXAMPLE: The earthquake itself is the hazard. It is the natural event or phenomenon that has the potential to cause destruction or harm. In areas with poorly constructed buildings, the risk of collapse is greater.  exposure Exposure – the location, attributes, and value of assets that are important to communities (people, buildings, factories, farmland, etc.) and that could be affected by a hazard. EXAMPLE: In the case of a flood, if a community is located near a river or in a floodplain, the people and buildings there are exposed to the risk of flooding vulnerability Vulnerability – the likelihood/degree that assets will be damaged/destroyed/affected when exposed to a hazard. For example: In the case of a hurricane, people who live in poorly constructed houses (e.g., those made of weak materials or lacking structural integrity) are more vulnerable to damage than those who live in well-built, hurricane-resistant homes.  AREAS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS NATURAL HAZARD AREAS NATURAL HAZARD AREAS  FIND THE HAZARD A rural farming community situated 15 kilometers from Mount Asura, a stratovolcano known for its violent eruptions, is home to 30,000 residents. Agriculture, particularly rice and corn farming, forms the backbone of their livelihood. Despite the volcano's activity, many choose to stay due to deep economic and cultural connections to the area. Signs of increased seismic activity, plume emissions, and minor ash eruptions have been observed. Ashfall threatens to bury farmlands, jeopardizing food supplies and incomes. However, many residents lack awareness of the dangers posed by pyroclastic flows or lahars and are untrained in evacuation procedures. When the eruption occurs, pyroclastic flows devastate villages on the slopes, resulting in the loss of hundreds of lives.  HAZARD A rural farming community situated 15 kilometers from Mount Asura, a stratovolcano known for its violent eruptions, is home to 30,000 residents. Agriculture, particularly rice and corn farming, forms the backbone of their livelihood. Despite the volcano's activity, many choose to stay due to deep economic and cultural connections to the area. Signs of increased seismic activity, plume emissions, and minor ash eruptions have been observed. Ashfall threatens to bury farmlands, jeopardizing food supplies and incomes. However, many residents lack awareness of the dangers posed by pyroclastic flows or lahars and are untrained in evacuation procedures. When the eruption occurs, pyroclastic flows devastate villages on the slopes, resulting in the loss of hundreds of lives.  FIND THE RISK A rural farming community situated 15 kilometers from Mount Asura, a stratovolcano known for its violent eruptions, is home to 30,000 residents. Agriculture, particularly rice and corn farming, forms the backbone of their livelihood. Despite the volcano's activity, many choose to stay due to deep economic and cultural connections to the area. Signs of increased seismic activity, plume emissions, and minor ash eruptions have been observed. Ashfall threatens to bury farmlands, jeopardizing food supplies and incomes. However, many residents lack awareness of the dangers posed by pyroclastic flows or lahars and are untrained in evacuation procedures. When the eruption occurs, pyroclastic flows devastate villages on the slopes, resulting in the loss of hundreds of lives.  RISK A rural farming community situated 15 kilometers from Mount Asura, a stratovolcano known for its violent eruptions, is home to 30,000 residents. Agriculture, particularly rice and corn farming, forms the backbone of their livelihood. Despite the volcano's activity, many choose to stay due to deep economic and cultural connections to the area. Signs of increased seismic activity, plume emissions, and minor ash eruptions have been observed. Ashfall threatens to bury farmlands, jeopardizing food supplies and incomes. However, many residents lack awareness of the dangers posed by pyroclastic flows or lahars and are untrained in evacuation procedures. When the eruption occurs, pyroclastic flows devastate villages on the slopes, resulting in the loss of hundreds of lives.  FIND THE EXPOSURE A rural farming community situated 15 kilometers from Mount Asura, a stratovolcano known for its violent eruptions, is home to 30,000 residents. Agriculture, particularly rice and corn farming, forms the backbone of their livelihood. Despite the volcano's activity, many choose to stay due to deep economic and cultural connections to the area. Signs of increased seismic activity, plume emissions, and minor ash eruptions have been observed. Ashfall threatens to bury farmlands, jeopardizing food supplies and incomes. However, many residents lack awareness of the dangers posed by pyroclastic flows or lahars and are untrained in evacuation procedures. When the eruption occurs, pyroclastic flows devastate villages on the slopes, resulting in the loss of hundreds of lives.  EXPOSURE A rural farming community situated 15 kilometers from Mount Asura, a stratovolcano known for its violent eruptions, is home to 30,000 residents. Agriculture, particularly rice and corn farming, forms the backbone of their livelihood. Despite the volcano's activity, many choose to stay due to deep economic and cultural connections to the area. Signs of increased seismic activity, plume emissions, and minor ash eruptions have been observed. Ashfall threatens to bury farmlands, jeopardizing food supplies and incomes. However, many residents lack awareness of the dangers posed by pyroclastic flows or lahars and are untrained in evacuation procedures. When the eruption occurs, pyroclastic flows devastate villages on the slopes, resulting in the loss of hundreds of lives.  FIND THE VULNERABILITY A rural farming community situated 15 kilometers from Mount Asura, a stratovolcano known for its violent eruptions, is home to 30,000 residents. Agriculture, particularly rice and corn farming, forms the backbone of their livelihood. Despite the volcano's activity, many choose to stay due to deep economic and cultural connections to the area. Signs of increased seismic activity, plume emissions, and minor ash eruptions have been observed. Ashfall threatens to bury farmlands, jeopardizing food supplies and incomes. However, many residents lack awareness of the dangers posed by pyroclastic flows or lahars and are untrained in evacuation procedures. When the eruption occurs, pyroclastic flows devastate villages on the slopes, resulting in the loss of hundreds of lives.  VULNERABILITY A rural farming community situated 15 kilometers from Mount Asura, a stratovolcano known for its violent eruptions, is home to 30,000 residents. Agriculture, particularly rice and corn farming, forms the backbone of their livelihood. Despite the volcano's activity, many choose to stay due to deep economic and cultural connections to the area. Signs of increased seismic activity, plume emissions, and minor ash eruptions have been observed. Ashfall threatens to bury farmlands, jeopardizing food supplies and incomes. However, many residents lack awareness of the dangers posed by pyroclastic flows or lahars and are untrained in evacuation procedures. When the eruption occurs, pyroclastic flows devastate villages on the slopes, resulting in the loss of hundreds of lives.  FIND THE DISASTER A rural farming community situated 15 kilometers from Mount Asura, a stratovolcano known for its violent eruptions, is home to 30,000 residents. Agriculture, particularly rice and corn farming, forms the backbone of their livelihood. Despite the volcano's activity, many choose to stay due to deep economic and cultural connections to the area. Signs of increased seismic activity, plume emissions, and minor ash eruptions have been observed. Ashfall threatens to bury farmlands, jeopardizing food supplies and incomes. However, many residents lack awareness of the dangers posed by pyroclastic flows or lahars and are untrained in evacuation procedures. When the eruption occurs, pyroclastic flows devastate villages on the slopes, resulting in the loss of hundreds of lives.  DISASTER A rural farming community situated 15 kilometers from Mount Asura, a stratovolcano known for its violent eruptions, is home to 30,000 residents. Agriculture, particularly rice and corn farming, forms the backbone of their livelihood. Despite the volcano's activity, many choose to stay due to deep economic and cultural connections to the area. Signs of increased seismic activity, plume emissions, and minor ash eruptions have been observed. Ashfall threatens to bury farmlands, jeopardizing food supplies and incomes. However, many residents lack awareness of the dangers posed by pyroclastic flows or lahars and are untrained in evacuation procedures. When the eruption occurs, pyroclastic flows devastate villages on the slopes, resulting in the loss of hundreds of lives.  PAIR ACTIVITY! Guide Questions: 1. What types of natural hazards (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, landslides) were present in this situation? 2. What specific factors (e.g., location, geography, climate, local infrastructure, preparedness) increased the likelihood or severity of the hazard's impact on the population and environment? 3. Which groups of people, communities, buildings, and infrastructure were most vulnerable to being affected by the hazard(s)? 4. Were there any existing vulnerabilities or weaknesses, such as poor construction, inadequate planning, or lack of disaster preparedness? 5. How severe were the effects of the earthquake or flooding on the population, infrastructure, and the environment?  PAIR ACTIVITY! Scenario: Earthquake and Tsunami in a Coastal City In recent months, a major earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8 on the Richter scale struck a coastal city located in a seismically active region. The earthquake caused widespread destruction, including building collapses, fires, and power outages. Following the earthquake, a large tsunami was generated, impacting the low-lying areas of the city. The local infrastructure was severely damaged, and many people were displaced from their homes.  PAIR ACTIVITY! Scenario: Flooding and Landslides in a Mountainous Region In a mountainous region with steep slopes and dense vegetation, a prolonged period of heavy rainfall occurred over several days. The rainfall triggered widespread flooding in river valleys and landslides in hilly areas. The floods inundated homes, roads, and farmland, while the landslides buried entire villages. Many bridges and infrastructure were destroyed, cutting off access to essential services like healthcare and food supplies. The disaster occurred in a region that is prone to seasonal rains, but the magnitude of the event surprised local authorities and residents.  EFFECTS OF DISASTERS ON ONE'S LIFE  EFFECTS Apart from the classification of underlying disaster risk, understanding the impact of disasters also requires the knowledge of short-term and long-term effects. Disaster impact may create a multitude effects depending on community’s capacity and resilience.  EFFECTS The effects of disasters shall be termed as (1) primary (2) secondary and (3) tertiary effects. A direct effects manifested from the disaster event itself.  Arise from primary effects Involve of biophysical and ecological processes and systems  Arise from secondary effects. The effects usually take a longer time to manifest and may involve effects that diffuse among the community members. PERSPECTIVES IN ANALYZING DISASTER EFFECTS  PHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE sees visible and tangible materials, natural or man-made, that have been affected by disasters. For example: Destroyed roads cause to people use alternative routes. PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE focuses on people’s mental health in response to disaster impacts. For example: People receive post- traumatic counseling after being affected from severe typhoon or earthquake. SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE highlights how people respond collectively to disasters based on their perceptions. For example: Filipinos exemplify bayanihan, especially during times of crisis from natural or man-made disasters.  ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE investigates the communities’ economic activities and their disruption. For example: Transportation of goods either land or sea.  POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE mainly targets how government services are utilized to reduce disaster risk and disaster losses. For example: The president gives a talk on budget allocation for disaster response.  BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE recognizes the possibility of disease outbreaks after an occurrence of a disaster. For example: Packed evacuation centers that exceed standard occupancy can lead to a faster disease transmission.  EXAMPLE: As the coronavirus pandemic is rapidly spreading throughout the world, it causes considerable fear, concern and concern among the general population among certain groups, such as older adults, caregivers and people with underlying health conditions. PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE  EXAMPLE: The government allocates a significant portion of the national budget to fund direct cash transfers, providing immediate financial support to individuals who have lost their jobs or are unable to work due to health concerns. POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE  QUIZ IN NEXT MEETING! NEXT LESSON: HAZARDS AND ITS TYPES!