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Literature -- is an enduring expression of significant human experience Characteristics of literature Universality -- timely and relevant Artistry -- Aesthetic appeal Suggestiveness -- Appeal to our Emotions Permanence -- timeless and it endures Spiritual Value -- elevates spirit by moral valu...

Literature -- is an enduring expression of significant human experience Characteristics of literature Universality -- timely and relevant Artistry -- Aesthetic appeal Suggestiveness -- Appeal to our Emotions Permanence -- timeless and it endures Spiritual Value -- elevates spirit by moral values Fiction & nonfiction -- authors imagination o realities Intellectual value -- products of mind About man and a nature -- all abt people and their surroundings Oral and written -- through speaking or written Literary Periods Pre colonial period -- oral tradition, customs and tradition in everyday life Proverbs -- words of wisdom Tanaga -- longer than proverbs Folk songs -- songs for our people Riddles -- world puzzle Epic -- heroic deeds Myth - strange occurrences Legends -- exaggeration Fable -- stories abt animal as character Spanish Period -- religious and seculiar Pasyon -- death and resurrection Senakulo -- passion and suffering Awit -- tales of chivalry Korido -- metrical tales abt life American Period -- English as the medium instruction & signalled the growth of the ph Japanese Period -- War years Poetry -- has verses and stanzas & has measurement Elements of poetry Stanza -- Group of lines Couplet Tercet Quatrain Cinquian Sestet Septet Octave Spenserian Sonnet Persona -- one who is speaking the poem Addressee -- who is being addressed Rhyme -- identical sounds End rhyme -- two successive lines Slant rhyme -- similar but not often rhymed Eye rhyme -- just spelling not pronunciation Tone -- attitude Theme -- central idea or message Symbolism -- stands Figures of speech -- language that communicate ideas beyond the literal meaning of the words Simile -- like and as Metaphor -- comparison of two unlike things Personification -- inanimate object, animal or idea with human quality Metonymy -- one word is substitute for another Synedoche -- a part is used to represent the whole thing Allusion -- a reference to any literary, scientific historical, and such Apostrophe -- absent or non existent person or thing is addressed Irony -- words are use in such a way that the intended meaning is different from the actual meaning Oxymoron -- two opposite ideas are join the make an effect Paradox -- that contradict itself Onomatopoeia -- uses words to imitate or suggest the source of the idea Alliteration -- initial consonant sounds the neighbouring words are repeated Assonance -- Internal rhyming Consonance -- consonant appears repeatedly Anaphora -- consists of repeating sequence of words in the beginning Epiphora -- consist of sequence of words in the end Anadiplosis -- last wors of one clause is repeated Repetition -- words appears repeatedly to add emphasis Hyperbole -- exaggerated statements Understatement -- makes the situation make less important or serious Euphemism -- offensive or impolite words Idioms -- Cannot be understood by a literal translation Imagery -- visually descriptive Short story -- focuses on a single plot Setting -- time, place, condition or event Plot -- chain of related events Linear Circular En medias res Pov -- struggle involving the characters Mood -- atmosphere or feeling of the story Theme -- central idea Symbolism -- representation of