Philippine Literature Reviewer PDF

I. Philippine Literature Across Periods  Martial Law Period: Writers used symbolism and allegories to avoid censorship while expressing dissent.  Religious Literature: The Pasyon was first popularized by Gaspar Aquino de Belen.  Period of Apprenticeship: The American...

I. Philippine Literature Across Periods  Martial Law Period: Writers used symbolism and allegories to avoid censorship while expressing dissent.  Religious Literature: The Pasyon was first popularized by Gaspar Aquino de Belen.  Period of Apprenticeship: The American Colonial Period is considered the phase when Filipino writers developed their literary skills under Western influence.  Pre-Colonial Literature: Forms like epics, songs, and proverbs existed, but Insta-Poetry was not yet present.  Doctrina Christiana: Written to prescribe proper decorum and guide Christian living. II. Key Literary Works and Genres  Dramatization of Pasyon: The Senakulo is a stage play depicting the Passion of Christ.  Florante at Laura: Though some consider it awit, it fits the Korido category due to its meter.  Japanese Occupation Literature: Tagalog writers broke from the Balagtas tradition, embracing free verse. o Example: “Kung mag-aalaga ka lamang din ng bulaklak, piliin mo na ang rosas...”  Political Novels: A political novel like Noli Me Tangere fits the Spanish Colonization Period.  Biag ni Lam-Ang: An epic from the Pre-Hispanic Period , highlighting oral traditions. III. Notable Literary Figures & Nationalistic Literature  Japanese Period Writers: Paz Marquez Benitez was not active during this period.  Nationalistic and Revolutionary Literature: Aimed for nationalistic awareness rather than just reform. IV. Literary Standards and Elements  Suggestiveness : Literature should evoke emotions, symbolism, and depth of meaning.  Permanence : Romeo and Juliet remains relevant because of its lasting impact.  Artistry : Literature should have aesthetic appeal and poetic beauty.   Intellectual Value: Thought-provoking lines, e.g., “Hindi maikukulong ng pananakot ang isang tula na nagrerebolusyon.”  Distinct Style: Example: “Ang mga alaala, tuso ‘yan. Aatakihin ka n’yan sa mga panahon na pinakamahina ka.”  Evocative Language: Example: “Hindi tayo nagkasalubong sa gitna ng daan upang sa dulo ay maghiwalay.” V. Figures of Speech & Poetic Devices  Personification: “The thunder growled its displeasure.”  Rhyme Scheme: Refers to the pattern of rhyming words at the end of lines.  Hyperbole: Exaggeration for emphasis, e.g., “I’ve told you a million times!”.  Symbolism: Represents abstract ideas through concrete objects.  Imaginative Language: Used to entertain and engage the reader's imagination.  Elegy: A poem dedicated to a deceased person, e.g., for the late Queen of England.  Lyric Poetry: CEFI Hymn VI. Structural and Stylistic Elements  Repetition: Example: “Minahal kita. Mahal kita. Mamahalin kita.”.  Personification: Example: “Time flies.”.  Rhyme: Example stanza: I saw a fairy in the wood, He was dressed all in green. He drew his sword while I just stood, And realized I'd been seen. →  Olfactory Imagery: Example: “I love the aroma of coffee.” VII. Short Story Elements  Internal struggle of protagonist Falls under conflict, dealing with emotions, self-doubt, and decision- making.  Haunted mansion description Represents the setting, creating an eerie and mysterious atmosphere.  Suspenseful chase scene Part of the rising action, building tension before the climax.  Dialogue revealing character motivations A tool for characterization, shaping and developing personalities.  Character learning life lessons Shown in the resolution, where growth and change occur after challenges.  Ambiguous ending leaving readers pondering Driven by the theme, allowing for deeper interpretations.  Character’s transformation mirroring a hero’s journey Reflected in the character arc, showing personal growth.  Use of flashbacks for background information Enhances characterization, providing insight into past experiences.  Element creating atmosphere and emotional responses Strongly tied to the setting, influencing mood and tone.  Twist ending altering reader’s perspective Often occurs at the climax, reshaping the understanding of the story.  Antagonist symbolizing societal oppression Represented through conflict, exploring themes of injustice and inequality.  Element organizing events in a cohesive narrative Exposition introduces the story’s key elements and foundation. MAYON BY KRISTIAN CORDERO  Significance of Mayon A symbol of love and beauty in the legend. Represents more than just a geographical landmark.  What covers Mayon’s base? Increasingly covered by ashes and debris. Reflects the aftermath of volcanic activity, turning the area into a vast cemetery.  What might emerge from Mayon? A lake of fire, symbolizing its destructive potential. Suggests uncertainty about the volcano’s future eruptions.  Description of Mayon Wrapped in clouds and its own smoke. Portrayed as an active and mysterious presence.  Postcards in Cagsawa Feature images of fiery lava flowing down Mayon's slopes. Highlight the volcano’s dramatic and powerful eruptions.  Old postcard in Antigo Merkado Shows Mayon as a distant observer, ready to welcome travelers. Depicts the volcano’s enduring presence in the landscape. VOICE TAPE BY ARIEL TABAG  Ariel and His Mother’s Search Initially intended to find letters in the old envelope bag. Instead, they unexpectedly found a voice tape.  Ariel’s Experience During the Flag Ceremony Witnessed a bus accident at the start of the ceremony. Feared that his friend Boying might have been involved.  Ariel’s Reaction at the Accident Scene Followed his mother after hearing her cry out. Displayed concern and urgency upon arriving.  Tito Ato’s Request Asked Ariel to write a love letter for him. JUSTICE by RALPH SEMINO GALAN  Depiction of Justitia in J. Elizalde Navarro’s Painting Shown as fading into thin air.  Challenge to Conventional Perceptions of Justice Emphasizes the fallibility of judicial systems.  Role of Symbolism in the Poem Adds depth and complexity to the poem’s imagery.  Concept of Accountability in the Legal System Highlights instances where justice is sacrificed for political expediency.  Relationship Between Truth and Justice Suggests that truth is subjective and malleable.  Critique of Politics and the Judiciary Promotes the idea of a separation of powers between politics and the judiciary.