DOC-20230630-WA0005_230630_085207.pdf PDF

all spelling mistakes according to original source Question 1: The seven-day blastocyst: - is called the hypoblast - has an amniotic cavity - has a single layer of trophoblast at the embryonic pole - is surrounded by a degenerating zona pellucida - is attached to the endometrial epit...

all spelling mistakes according to original source Question 1: The seven-day blastocyst: - is called the hypoblast - has an amniotic cavity - has a single layer of trophoblast at the embryonic pole - is surrounded by a degenerating zona pellucida - is attached to the endometrial epithelium Question 2: Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for inducing ovulation? - relaxin - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - estrogen - follicle-stimulating hormone Question 3: The part of the sperm containing proteolytic enzymes to digest the zona pellucida is the: - capacitor - acrosome - head - corona - cumulus Question 4: Capacitation of the sperm: - is essential for fertilization - occurs in the male - removes the head of the sperm - prevents polyspermy - is caused by the zona pellucida Question 5: This structure surrounds the early embryo and the fluid that fills it protects the embryo: - allantois - chorion - umbilical vesicle - amnion - yolk sac Question 6: Vasa vasorum serve a function analogous to that of which of the following? - endothelial diaphragms - valves - coronary arteries - arterioles - basal lamina Question 7: What vessel is a branch of interlobular artery? - afferent arteriole - capillary tuft - efferent arteriole - peritubular capillaries - vasa recta Question 8: The following organs are derived from mesoderm EXCEPT: - musculature of blond vessels - supra renal cortex - skeletal musculature - cardiac musculature - supra renal medulla Question 9: What cell type secretes growth hormone? - gonadotropic cells - thyrotropic cells - lactotropic cells - somatotropic cells - corticotropic cells Question 10: Which cells secrete hydrochloric acid? - mucous neck cells - parietal cells - parietal and oxyntic cells - chief cells - oxyntic cells Question 11: The cerebral cortex consists of layers: - 1- molecular, 2- external granular, 3- external pyramidal, 4- internal granular, 5- internal pyramidal, 6- polymorphic - 1- external pyramidal, 2-external granular, 3-molecular, 4-polymorphic, 5-internal granular, 6-internal pyramidal - 1-molecular, 2-external pyramidal, 3-external granular, 4-polymorphic, 5-internal granular, 6-internal pyramidal  - 1-external granular, 2 molecular, 3-polymorphic, 4-internal pyramidal, 5-external pyramidal, 6-internal granular - 1-external molecular, 2-internal granular, 3-pyramidal, 4-polymorphic, 5-granular, 6- external pyramidal Question 12: Which cell type are also called C cells? - parafollicular cells - chromaffin cells - oxyphil cells - principal cells - follicular cells Question 13: Which characteristic is unique to smooth muscle? - T-tubules lie across Z lines - thin filaments attach to dense bodies - cells are multinucleated - cells have centrally located nuclei - each thick filament is surrounded by six thin filaments Question 14: What layer is NOT found in the gallbladder? - epithelium - serosa or adventitia - muscularis - lamina propria - lamina muscularis of tunica mucosa Question 15: Which membrane plays the greatest role in nutrient and waste exchange : - allantois - extraembryonic cavity - chorion - allantois - amnion Question 16: Human placenta is classified as: - haemochorial - epitheliochoria - placentochorial - endotheliochorial - mesoeliochorial Question 17: The most important element of the hepatic acinus are: - perilobular veins and artery  - interlobular veins - canaliculi - the bile duct - sinusoids Question 18: Rete mirabile veno-venosum is between: - perilobular veins pass through the central vein to the sublobular vein - interlobular veins pass through the sinusoids to the central vein - sinusoids pass through the perilobular veins to the central vein - perilobular veins pass through the sinusoids to the central vein - central veins pass through the sinusoids to the intralobular veins Question 19: What is a characteristic of a secondary nodule? - capsule - none of the above - germinal center - trabeculae - lymphocyates Question 20: Which G protein subunit has GTPase activity? - beta - epsilon - gamma - alpha - none of the above Question 21: What are the splenic cords? - Cords of Paneth - Cords of Billroth - Cords of Rothchild - Cords of Hassall - Cords of Bellini Question 22: Which of the following is true of pulmonary surfactant? - does not affect bacterial survival - prevents alveolar collapse by increasing surface tension - forms layer rich in phospholipid overlying a thin aqueous phase - secreted by type I pneumocytes - is secreted by goblet cells Question 23: The structure which implants in the endometrium is termed as - morula  - trophoblast - blastocyst - zygote - embryo Question 24: Which cell is a modified smooth muscle cell that secretes renin? - endothelial cells - podocytes - mesangial cells - juxtaglomerular cells - macula densa cells Question 25: A characteristic feature of apoptosis is that: - is a pathological process - is a passive process - refers to cell groups - random DNA fragmentation occurs during its duration - during it the cell shrinks Question 26: What cells are sensitive to sodium concentration? - juxtaglomerular cells - pedicels - visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule - parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule - macula densa Question 27: Which cell type are involved in the secretion of thyroglobulin? - principal cell - follicular cells - oxyphil cell - parafollicular cells - chromaffin cells Question 28: Haploid nuclei that fuse at fertilization are called: - pronuclei - homunculi - nucleoli - centrioles - mitotic figures Question 29: Which of the following is a distinct structure found specifically in the liver spleen and bone marrow?  - venous sinus - fenestrated capillaries - continuous capillaries - anastomoses - sinusoidal capillaries Question 30: With the light microscope, the zona pellucida appears as a translucent membrane surrounding the: - primary oocyte - morula - very early blastocyst - zygote - all are correct Question 31: The protein called the guardian of the genome is: - Bax - p27 - p21 - Apaf-1 - p53 Question 32: The pulmonary (functional) and bronchial (nutritive) arterial system enter the lungs separately at the hilum but anastomose into a single system at which level? - segmental bronchioles - bronchi - larynx - respiratory bronchioles - terminal bronchioles Question 33: As sperm pass through the male genital ducts, proteins and low molecular weight products are added from several sources producing semen. Which of the following provides a nutritive, fructose-rich secretion? - epididymis - seminal vesicles - bulbourethral (Cowper) glands - interstitial cells of Leydig - prostate gland Question 34: Which cells derive from precursors originating in the bone marrow and function as antigen- presenting cells in skin? - melanocytes - Merkel cel - keratinocytes  - Langerhans cells - arrector pili Explanation: Langerhans cells are a mobile cell population with a relatively slow turnover. Epidermal residence is only one step in their life cycle. They originate from bone marrow precursors which, upon circulation in the peripheral blood, populate the skin. Question 35: Which function is carried out by all lymphoid tissues and organs? - filtration of blood - filtration of lymph - destruction of old erythrocytes - extramedullary hemopoiesis - production of lymphocytes Question 36: Secretion in what neuroendocrine cell is controlled directly by neural activity and involves a hormone that generally slows metabolic activity at night? - chromaffin cell - Pinealocyte - Herring body of the neurohypophysis - pituicyte - melanocyte Question 37: Which of the following is the most abundant sensory receptor of the skin? - Ruffini's corpuscles - Meissner’s corpuscle - Pacinian corpuscles - free nerve endings - Krause’s end bulbs Question 38: What distinguishes cartilage from most other connective tissues? - its extracellular matrix is rich in collagen - its predominant cell type secretes both fibers and proteoglycans - its predominant cell type is a mesenchymal derivative - it lacks blood vessels - its functions in mechanical support Question 39: Which description is true of continuous capillaries? - most common in both brain and muscle - lack a complete basement membrane - phagocytic cells often seen inserted in the intercellular clefts - unusually wide lumens - abundant fenestrations Question 40: The first two intraembryonic germ layers to differentiate are the: - ectoderm and hypoblast - ectoderm and mesoderm - epiblast and hypoblast - endoderm and epiblast - ectoderm and endoderm Question 41: Endometrial glands are typically fully developed and filled with product during which day(s) or phase of a woman’s menstrual cycle? - days 1-4 - proliferative phase - the day ovulation occurs - days 15-28 - menstrual phase Question 42: Organic bone compounds provide it: - flexibility - delicacy - fragility - hardness - strength both correct Question 43: Crossing-over occurs in: - prophase of the 1st meiotic division - anaphase of the 2nd meiotic division - prophase of the 1st mitotic division - prophase of the 2nd meiotic division - metaphase of the 1st meiotic division Question 44: Which of the proteins builds the membrane skeleton? - lamin - dynein - caspase - spectrin - caveolin Question 45: Which type of cartilage forms the intervertebral disc? - fibrocartilage - hyaline cartilage - elastic cartilage - all of the above  - none of the above Question 46: The intervillous space contains all of the following substances EXCEPT: - maternal blood cells - carbon dioxide - oxygen - fetal blood - electrolytes Question 47: Which cell is a mechanoreceptor? - Merkel cell - melanocyte - Langerhans cell - keratinocyte - fibroblast Question 48: The most common site for implantation in ectopic pregnancy is: - mesentery - uterine tube - internal of of the uterus - other - ovary Question 49: What is the connective tissue covering of a muscle fascicle? - perimysium - sarcoplasm - sarcolemma - endomysium - epimysium Question 50: Which of the proteins is not the intermediate filament protein? - lamin - laminin - keratin - desmin - vimentin Question 51: The ovulated mammalian oocyte is arrested at: - metaphase of meiosis I - prophase of meiosis II - none of the above - metaphase of meiosis II  - prophase of meiosis I Question 52: Which part of the adrenal gland secretes glucocorticoids? - zona reticularis - none of the above - zona glomerulosa - zona fasciculata - chromaffin cells Question 53: Cyclins and cylin-dependent kinases have a key role in: - cell cycle regulation - vesicular transport - ribosome maturation - synthesis of desmosome transmembrane proteins - chromatine condensation Question 54: Which of the following is NOT a component of the mature placental barrier: - the syncytiothrophoblast - the cytotrophoblast - all are part of the mature placental barier - the basement membrane of fetal capillaries - the endothelial lining of fetal capillaries Question 55: The early stages of cleavage are characterized by: - none of the above - increase in the number of cells in the zygote - formation of a hollow ball of cells - increase in the size of the cells in the zygote - formation of the zona pellucida Question 56: Which cell type is found in the parathyroid, but is not the most abundant cell type? - chromaffin cells - parafollicular cells - principal cell - oxyphil cell - follicular cells Question 57: The portion of the blastocyst forms the embryo proper: - zona pellucida - inner cell mass - syncytiotrophoblast - morula  - trophoblast Question 58: The following organs derived from mesoderm EXCEPT: - supra renal cortex - supra renal medulla - skeletal musculature - musculature of blond vessels - cardiac musculature Question 59: What is the space called that is located at the portal canal between the hepatocytes and connective tissue? - space of Mall - space of Disse - lacuna - vacuole - Howship’s lacuna Question 60: ???????????????????????????????? Cerebrospinal fluid: - is produced in the choroid plexus - blockage of its circulation can lead to internal or external hydrocephalus - re-enters the venous blood at the arachnoid - granulations - circulates in the ventricular system of the brain and in the subarachnoid spaces Question 61: What type of epithelium lines the epididymis? - simple cuboidal - pseudostratified (columnar epithelium) - simple squamous - stratified columnar - stratified squamous Question 62: Blood in the renal arcuate arteries flows next into which vessels? - glomerular capillaries - afferent arterioles - interlobular arteries - efferent arterioles - interlobar arteries Question 63: Portion of placenta contributed by the embryo is the: - chorion - amniotes - yolk sac  - amnion - allantois Question 64: Where are Peyer’s patches located? - Large intestine - Duodenum - Colon - Ileum - jejunum Question 65: The middle ear contains which of the following structures? - the vestibular apparatus - the labyrinth - the perilymph - the ossicles - the modiolus Question 66: Which of these membrane structures is located in the sterocilia of the inner ear? - carrier proteins - calcium pumps - ligand-gated ion channels - mechanosensitive channels - sodium-potassium pumps Question 67: What is the projection of the medulla into the renal cortex called? - lobe - medullary ray - nephron - medulla - renal columns Question 68: All changes between mother and embryo occur: - through the amniotic fluid - across the chorionic membran es - across the yolk sac - through the allantois - as maternal and fetal blood mix in the placenta ? Question 69: Which description is true for the hepatic space of Disse? - contents flow toward the central vein - is directly contacted by hepatocytes - is surrounded by the hepatic sinusoid  - lumen sealed by junctional complexes - contents empty into canals of Hering lined by cholangiocytes Question 70: What is the sources that supply blood to the liver: - oxygenated blood and nutrient-rich blond flows in from the hepatic portal vein - oxygenated blood flows in from the hepatic artery and nutrient-rich blood flows in from the hepatic portal vein - nutrient-rich blood flows in from the hepatic portal vein - nutrient-rich blood flows in from the hepatic artery and oxygenated blood flows in from the hepatic portal vein - oxygenated blood and nutrient-rich blond flows in from the hepatic artery Question 71: Secretion, chemical modification and storage, reuptake and digestion of a protein occur in epithelial cells of what endocrine tissue? - adenohypophysis - adrenal medulla - neuroendocrine cells in the duodenum - thyroid gland - neurohypophysis Question 72: Which cells transmit visual signals from retina to the brain? - ganglion cells - amacrine cells - bipolar cells - horizontal cells - Müller cells Question 73: What are the modifications of the muscularis externa that is seen on the large intestine? - striated border - villi - crypts of Lieberkuhn - plicae circulares - teniae coli Question 74: What description is true of pancreatic zymogens? - are packaged for secretion in the SER - are inactive until they reach the duodenal lumen - are synthesized on free ribosomes - are produced by cuboidal cells lining the pancreatic duct - are stored in the basal cytoplasm of acinar cells Question 75: The primitive streak:  - is the site of involution of epiblast cells to form mesoderm - is derived from the outer cells of the morula - is frodem during the secondo week in development - persists as the cloacal membrane - was done in a bathing suit, for those whore member streaking Question 76: What type of epithelium lines the vestibule? - simple squamous epithelium - simple columnar epithelium - stratified columnar epithelium - stratified squamous epithelium - ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells Question 77: Which of the following characterizes sebaceous glands? - its secretory units are supplied by adrenergic stimulation - its duct drains onto the skin surface - it is located typically in the reticular dermis - it primarily secretes water and salts - it releases its contents via holocrine secretion Question 78: The heart is derived from: - intermediate mesoderm - somatic mesoderm - paraxial mesoderm - septum transversum - splanchnic mesoderm Question 79: Which feature typifies T-tubules - evaginations of sarcoplasmic reticulum - carry depolarization to the muscle fiber interior - overlie the a-i junction in cardiac muscle cells - rich supply of acetylcholine receptors - sequester calcium during muscle relaxation, releasing it during contraction Question 80: Which stage of ovarian follicle development is characterized by an initial period of follicular fluid accumulation? - mature follicle - oocyte - Graafian follicle - secondary follicle - primordial follicle Question 81: Which structural feature distinguishes between terminal and respiratory bronchioles? - cilia - alveoli - exocrine bronchiolar cells - smooth muscle - mucous glands in lamina propria Question 82: The amniotic cavity develops: - none is correct - in extraembryonic mesoderm - within the inner cell mass near the cytotrophoblast - on the tenth day - within the outer cell mass Question 83: The optic nerve is derived from what embryonic tissue: - endoderm - mesoderm - head mesenchyme - neural crest - ectoderm Question 84: Which structure contains trabeculae around which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows? - pia mater - arachnoid mater - ependyma - dura mater - gray matter Question 85: During the secondo week of development, the trophoblast differentiates into: - mesoderm - yolk sac (secondary) - syncytiotrophoblast - ectoderm - intraembryonicmesoderm Question 86: Where are Brunner’s glands located? - in submucosa of jejunum - in submucosa of ileum - in submucosa of colon - in submucosa of stomach - in submucosa of duodenum Question 87: Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is produced by the: - embryoblast - syncytiotrophoblast - corpus luteum of pregnancy - anterior pituitary gland - theca folliculi Question 88: Which ofcell junctions is made of connexins? - focal adehesion - gap junction - adherens junctions - desmosome - tight junction Question 89: Which cells secrete intrinsic factor? - stem cells - all is correct - chief cells - mucous neck cells - parietal cells Question 90: Where is the primary site for absorption of nutrients? - stomach - small intestine - stomach and small intestine equally - descending colon - ascending colon Question 91 Sulfated GAGs are important constituents of what extracellular structures? - type i collagen - multiadhesive glycoproteins - proteoglycans - hyaluronan - elastic fibers Question 92: Acid phosphatase is an enzymemarker of: - peroxisome - Golgi apparatus - SER - lysosome - RER Question 93: Which structure is part of the conducting part of the airway? - bronchi - alveolar ducts - respiratory bronchioles - alveolar sacs - alveoli Question 94: Myoepithelial cells aid in the secretory process of which of the following? - melanocytes - apocrine sweat glands - eccrine sweat glands - sebaceous glands - keratinocytes of the granular layer Question 95: Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for inducing ovulation? - follicle-stimulating hormone - luteinizing hormone - relacin - estrogen - progesterone Question 96: Which of the following is NOT TRUE concerning the umbilical cord: - it may form a knot that can cause fetal distress - it usually attaches near the center of the placenta - it normally contains two arteries and one vein - it contains cardiac jelly - it may not be attached to the placenta Question 97: The mesenchymal cells which aggregate to form blood islands are called: - fibroblasts - mesoblasts - angioblasts - hemoblasts - none of the above Question 98: What is the main function of Ito cells: - storage of vitamin A - phagocytosis - storage of calcium - storage of copper - produce the reticularfiber Question 99: Which of the following structures is believed to be primary organizer or inducer during organogenesis? - somites - metanephric blastema - notochord - none is correct - lens placode Question 100: Which of the following features distinguishes a bronchus within a lung from the primary bronchi? - smooth muscle in the wall - goblet cells in the epithelium - pseudostratified columnar epithelium - irregular plates of cartilage - glands in the submucosa