Building Technology PDF

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Short metal “T” beam used in suspended ceiling CROSS TEE 1 systems to bridge the spaces between the main beams Roofing tile which has the shape...

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Short metal “T” beam used in suspended ceiling CROSS TEE 1 systems to bridge the spaces between the main beams Roofing tile which has the shape of an “S” laid on its PANTILE 2 side Clay roofing tile approximately semi cylindrical in shape MISSION TILE laid in courses with units having their convex side 3 alternately up and down Groove cut into a board or panel intended to receive DADO 4 the edge of a connecting board FOUNDATION Part of the building foundation which forms the 5 WALL permanent retaining wall of the structure below grade Part of the foundation system which supports the GRADE BEAM exterior walls of a superstructure and bears directly on 6 the column footing Black, tar like waterproofing material applied to the DAMPROOFING 7 exterior of a foundation wall BALLOON System of framing a building in which the studs are 8 FRAMING continuous to roof supporting second floor joints System framing a building on which floor joist of each WESTERN storey rest on the top plates of the storey below and 9 FRAMING the bearing walls and partitions rest on the subfloor of each storey An exterior security lock installed on exterior entry DEAD BOLT doors that can be activated only with a key or thumb- 10 turn Rough plaster finish obtained by flinging plaster on a TRYOLEAN FINISH 11 wall with a hand operated machine Principal member of the truss which extends from one CHORD 12 end to the other primarily to resist bending Composition of two or more metals fused together ALLOY 13 usually to obtain a desired property Horizontal distance from the face of a lock or latch to BACKSET 14 the center of the knob or lock cylinder Vertical members in a railing used between a top rail BALUSTER 15 and bottom rail or the stair treads Ar.Romano 3 0  An iron alloy usually including carbon and silicon which CAST IRON 16 has high compressive strength but low tensile strength Ferrous metal that offers great resistance to abrasion NICKEL STEEL and finds important use in the cutting edges of heavy 17 digging tools Commercially pure iron of fibrous nature, valued for its WROUGHT IRON 18 corrosion resistance and ductility Window or door in which two panes of glass are used DOUBLE GLASS 19 with a sealed air space between FORTIFICATION The wall of Intramuros 20 15MM Concrete slab should have a minimum clearance 21 Special type of plate girder consisting of tees, angles HYBRID GIRDER 22 and multiple web CANTILEVER Beam that projects beyond one or both its support 23 BEAM Wall (bearing or non-bearing) designed to resist lateral SHEAR WALL 24 forces parallel to the wall Modern method of installing wood parquet flooring on GLUING/PASTING 25 wooden boards sub-flooring Standard height of window sill for office rooms in 0.90MTS 26 upper floors Dimension of commercial acoustic boards of aluminium 24” X 48” X ½” 27 T-runners used for dropped ceiling in offices EAVES Horizontal exterior roof overhang 28 POST- Structural method used for longer span/interval of 29 TENSIONING columns BUILDING PAPER Humidification and condensation in exterior walls are SHEATHING AND 30 minimized by providing: SPACE FILLED Corrugated metal or concrete barrier walls installed AREA WELLS 31 around a basement window to hold back the earth Type of slab when the ration of short span to the long ONE-WAY SLAB 32 span of a slab is less than 0.50 FELT Tar paper. Installed under the roof shingles 33 Longitudinal beams which rest on the top chord and PURLINS 34 preferably at the joints of the truss Ar.Romano 3 0  INFLECTION The section of which the moment changes from 35 POINT positive to negative Narrow strip of wood applied to cover a joint along the BATTEN 36 edges of two parallel boards in the same plane A wood or plywood piece used to fasten the ends of FISH PLATE OR two members together at a butt joint with nails or 37 GUSSET PLATE bolts MAOT A tough used for carrying off water 38 POST- The stressing of unbounded tendons after concrete has 39 TENSIONING cured The boxing in of covering a joist, beam or girder to give BEAM BLOCKING 40 the appearance of a larger beam ATMOSPHERIC Pressure exerted against the underground portion of a 41 PRESSURE building created by the presence of water in the coil Window which projects outside the main line of a BAY WINDOW building and the compartment in which it is located 42 extends to the floor Joint employed to reduce restraint by accommodating CONTROL JOINTS 43 movement of masonry walls EXPANSION Joint used for adjoining existing building to new 44 JOINT building Joint formed when a concrete surface hardens before COLD JOINT 45 the next batch of concrete is placed against it Joint used when vertical and horizontal surface is CONSTRUCTION reinforced concrete where concreting was stopped and 46 JOINT continued later Joint that is a straight groove which is used on concrete CONTROL JOINT 47 floors to “control” where the concrete should crack Joint formed by overlapping the edges of metal sheet LAP SEAM or plated and joining them by riveting, soldering or 48 brazing Interior paint that contains a high proportion of FLAT PAINT 49 pigment and dries to a flat/lusterless finish TRABE-ANZO Filipino term for horizontal stud 50 SOLERAS Filipino term for floor joist 51 VACIADA Filipino term for rabbet 52 Ar.Romano 3 0  KUSTURADA Filipino term for plastered course 53 TIRANTE Filipino term for bottom chord 54 REOSTRA Filipino term for purlin 55 ALERO Filipino term for eave 56 TAHILAN Filipino term for top chord 57 POLEVA Filipino term for temper (metal work) 58 HULOG Filipino term for plumb line 59 BOLADA Filipino term for projection 60 KILO Filipino term for rafter 61 RODAPIS Filipino term for baseboard 62 ASINTADA Filipino term for alignment 63 BANIERA Filipino term for bath tub 64 PIE DE GALLO Filipino term for brace 65 PUNDIDO Filipino term for cast iron 66 KONTRATISTA Filipino term for contractor 67 TUBO DE Filipino term for downspout 68 BANADA PLANTILYA Filipino term for pattern 69 PAUPO Filipino term for mortar 70 A steel plate attached to both sides at each joint of a GANG NAIL PLATE 71 truss Climatic factor that is considered in the structural and LIGHTNING 72 architectural design of tall buildings LATH AND Dry walls are customarily finished 73 PLASTER ¼ DIA. PLASTIC One method of levelling batter boards without the HOSE FILLED 74 transit is the use of WITH WATER 3-4-5 MULTIPLES WITH THE USE OF Manual method of squaring the corners of a building 75 STEEL TAPE lines in building layout MEASURE The direction, size, arrangement, appearance, or GRAIN 76 quality of the fibers in wood G.I. SHEETS The most common materials used for roofing of urban 77 Ar.Romano 3 0  residential houses Block or panel type insulating material used in flat roof CORKBOARD 78 of commercial or industrial building 1 ½ CORR Standard size overlap for corrugated G.I. roofing 79 A continuous recess built into a wall to receive pipes, CHASE 80 ducts, etc. Building stone of igneous origin and composed of SERPENTINE 81 quartz, hornblende and mica Form of brick bond which is composed of alternating ENGLISH BOND 82 courses of headers and stretchers Form of brick bond which is composed entirely of RUNNING BOND 83 stretchers COMMON Form of brick which is a variation of a running bond BOND/AMERICAN 84 with a full course of headers at regular intervals BOND Form of brick bond in which each course is alternately FLEMISH BOND 85 composed of entirely of headers or of stretchers The process of removing concrete forms from the STRIPPING 86 cured concrete A notch cut in the end of a rafter to permit it to fit on a HEEL CUT 87 wall and on the top, doubled, exterior wall plate A geological or ground condition considered in SOIL BEARING determining the size and type of foundation of the 88 PRESSURE building ALUMINUM FOIL Materials excellent as vapour barrier in the roofing 89 SHEETS system of residential buildings REINFORCED CONCRETE AND The chief structural materials, used for tall buildings 90 HIGH GRADE STEEL ASBESTOS- Materials that holds less moisture, is very light, less CEMENT water absorptive capacity and is very good in sidings of 91 SHINGLES dwelling units DOOR JAMB The finished frame surrounding a door 92 A door lock with a spring bolt controlled by one or both KNOB BOLT 93 knobs and dead bolt controlled by a key Ar.Romano 3 0  Door consisting of two separate leaves, one above the DUTCH DOOR other, this leaves may operate independently or 94 together TORSION A twisting force 95 The appearance concrete makes when rocks in the concrete are visible and where there are void areas in HONEY COMBS 96 the foundation wall, especially around concrete foundation windows A barrier or diaphragm formed to prevent the SHEET PILING 97 movement of soil to stabilize foundation WOOD SIDING Refers to the term stone-cut 98 Standard concrete mix for beams, girders, slabs, stairs AA 99 and columns SPLIT-RING Chord splice connectors for trusses 100 A specialized fastener used to pull on to hold mitered CLAMP NAIL 101 joints together WEATHERED Most waterproofed type of mortar joints for wall 102 Rafters laid diagonally from corner of a plate or girts to HIP RAFTER 103 the ridge The horizontal boards nailed to corner post to assist in BATTER BOARDS 104 the accurate layout of foundation and excavation lines Columns in which a concrete core is reinforced with a COMPOSITE steel or cast-iron core designed to support a part of 105 COLUMN load Instrument or tool capable of vertical and horizontal SPIRIT LEVEL 106 line check A three-dimensional structural system without bearing walls composed of interconnected laterally supported SPACE FRAME so as to function as a complete self-contained unit with 107 or without the aids of horizontal diaphragms or floor- bracing system The metal latch plate in a door frame into which a KEEPER 108 doorknob plunger latches The appropriate paining material type for wood ZINC CHROMATE 109 surfaces Coating of commercially made corrugated G.I. sheets, ALUMINUM 110 ga.26, having standard corrugation Ar.Romano 3 0  COATING 7 & 6 WOOD Wood flooring finishing material 111 PLANKS A common paint film defect where progressive CHALKING 112 powdering from the surface inward occurs Time required for the removal of a form works of a 24 HOURS 113 concrete footing STUDS Wall partition wooden framing 114 ACRYLIC LATEX The appropriate paint material for G.I. sheet roofing 115 PAINT The paint finishing material of long-span pre-painted L HOOK BOLT 116 roofing sheet Hardware used to fasten corrugated asbestos cement STAPLE WIRE 117 roofing sheet on a steel purlin Hardware used to fasten an asphalt strip roof shingle FLAT SLAB 118 on wooden sheets/planks FLAT SLAB A type of concrete floor which has no beam 119 Tool used for guiding and testing the work to a vertical LEVEL TOOL 120 and horizontal position STEEL SQUARE Tool for testing and for framing work 121 RISER Vertical surface on face of a stair step 122 The complete records of test conduction (slump, compression test, etc.) shall be preserved and made 2 YEARS available for inspection during the progress of 123 construction and after completion of the projects for a period of not less than ________ Nominal 1”-2” thk members connecting opposite rafter COLLAR BEAM 124 to stiffen the roof structure 2” TO 5” Thickness of a wood plank 125 RUN Distance from the first to the last riser of a stair flight 126 PORTABLE HAND A high-speed rotary shaping hand power tool used to 127 ROUTER make smooth cutting and curving on solid wood A mixture of sand and stone and a major component of AGGREGATE 128 concrete The major horizontal supporting member of the floor GIRDER 129 system Ar.Romano 3 0  NONBEARING A wall supporting no load other than its own weight 130 WALL LOAD BEARING A wall that support weight from above as well as their 131 WALL own dead weight RETAINING WALL A wall that holds back on earth embankment 132 A wall which supports loads in addition to its weight BEARING WALL without the benefit of a complete vertical load carrying 133 space frame FLOATING WALL A non-bearing wall built on a concrete floor 134 It s designed to resist lateral forces parallel to the plane SHEAR WALL 135 of the wall The occupancy load which either partially or fully in LIVE LOAD 136 place or may not be present at all EFFECTIVE Distance between inflection point in the column when 137 LENGTH it breaks The most important component to determine the CEMENT 138 strength of a concrete mix TOTAL RUN The total of all the tread widths in a stair 139 A pit in a basement floor made to collect water into SUMP PIT 140 which a pump is placed the liquid to the sewer pipe The pre-construction of components as a part of a PREFABRICATION 141 whole SKYLIGHT An opening in the roof for admitting light 142 Wood coming out from trees with needle leaves, rather SOFTWOOD 143 than broad leaves FIREBRICK A kind of brick used for high temperature 144 A nailer strip incorporated in rough concrete wall to be PLASTER plastered to act as guide and support for finish trim 145 GROUND around openings and near the base of the wall SPAN Distance between two structural supports 146 XYLEM Scientific name for wood 147 A small member which divides the glass or openings of MUNTIN 148 sash or doors HIP ROOF Roof that has four sloping sides 149 RIP-RAP Stone places on a slope to prevent erosion 150 STRIPPNG The process of removing concrete forms from the 151 Ar.Romano 3 0  cured concrete A structural member spanning from truss-to-truss or PURLIN 152 supporting rafters A threaded steel bent inserted of masonry construction ANCHOR BOLT for securing wood or metal plates to concrete 153 construction A horizontal piece of wood, stone, steel or concrete LINTEL across the top of door or window opening to bear the 154 weight of the walls above the opening GLAZING The placing of glass in windows or doors 155 BANISTER Another word for handmill on stair construction 156 LAP JOINT A joint produced by lapping two pieces of materials 157 The most common type of hinge where one leaf BUTT HINGE 158 attaches to the door’s edge, the other to its jamb GREEN LUMBER Lumber that still contains moisture or sap 159 The internal angle formed by the two roof slopes of a VALLEY 160 roof FACIA A vertical board attached on the ends of the rafters 161 SPIKE A large heavy nail 162 Underwater watertight chamber to allow construction CAISSON 163 work to be done SMOOTH ON Lumber specification S4S 164 FOUR SIDES The term used to indicate top and lower principal CHORD 165 member of a roof or bridge truss Strips of hardwood, usually 2x2” laid over a concrete WOOD SADDLE 166 slab floor Miter square is a guiding and testing tool that has a 45 167 permanent blade set A bevelled metal tongue operated by a spring-loaded LATCH 168 knob or lever A wall that serves two (2) dwelling units, known also as COMMON WALL 169 party wall The hardware on a door to accommodate the knob and ESCUTCHEON 170 lockset keyhole FLASHING The material used for the process of making watertight 171 Ar.Romano 3 0  the roof intersection and other exposed areas on the exterior of a building A short wood bracket or cantilever that supports an LOOKOUT 172 overhang portion of a roof The term to describe the putting up of the skeleton of FORMWORKS 173 the building KEYSTONE Wedge-shaped stone of an arch 174 KALOMEIN DOOR Fireproof door with metal covering 175 The triangular, decorative and supporting member that CORBEL 176 holds a mantel or horizontal shelf MILLED LUMBER Lumber that is not squared or finished 177 A round steel bolt embedded in concrete or masonry FOUNDATION use to hold down machinery, steel columns or beams, 178 BOLT casting, shoes, beam plates and engine heads Simplest type of fiber carpet weaving pile forms as the VELVET wrap yarns loop over removable “wires” inserted 179 consecutively across the loom A pre treatment of poured concrete such as walls beams and columns where a thin layer of lean cement SCRATCH COAT grout mixed flexible base additives is splattered by 180 Tampico brush or masonry spoon to the surface to give a “tooth” for excellent plaster adhesion A special coating system with a high gloss shine while POLYURETHANE maintaining the natural wood qualities, maintenance 181 FLOOR COATING fee, used to finish and topcoat wood flooring A type of wood end joint where both wood are cut at SCARF 182 equl angles diagonally A type of terrazzo floor described by its physical STANDARD appearance where by the stone or pebble is 183 TERAZZO intentionally exposed while the cement matrix is depressed OUTRIGGER An extension of a rafter beyond the wall line 184 A type of window where the ventilating sash rotates 90 PIVOTED degrees to 180 degree about the header and sill or 185 WINDOW about the side jamb Used to fill a joint with mastic or asphalt plastic cement CAULKING 186 to prevent leaks Ar.Romano 3 0  Type of joint is used to install a glass into a lite of a RABBET 187 French window MASONRY Water-mixed product with a ration of 1:20 to stabilize 188 NEUTRALIZER lime activity in new masonry surface NOTCH A crosswise grove at the end of a board 189 FIGURED WIRED Shutter proof opaque glass used to construct a door 190 GLASS with glass to allow natural light only The act of excavating or filling of earth or any sound GRADING material or combination thereof, in preparation for a 191 finishing surface such as paving Adjustable metal column used to support a beam or MONOPOST 192 bearing point One of a series or parallel framing members used to CEILING JOIST OR support ceiling loads and supported in turn by larger 193 ROOF JOIST beams, girders or bearing walls A floor finish commercially size 1”x12”x12” utilizing VIGAN TILES clay and fired in traditional manner making interesting 194 and attractive rustic clay shade patterns Steel element such as wire, cable, bar, rod or strand, or TENDON a bundle of such elements, used to impart prestress to 195 concrete The upper member of a column, pilaster, door cornice, CAP 196 molding, or fireplace APRON A trim board that is installed beneath a window sill 197 A unit of measure for lumber equal to 1 inch thk by 12 BOARDFOOT 198 inches wide by 12 inches long Frames of wood or metal enclosing part (or all) of a CASEMENT 199 window sash The replacement of excavated earth into a trench BACKFILL around or against a basement or crawl space 200 foundation wall Frame lumber installed between the wall studs to give additional support for drywall or an interior trim BACKING 201 related item, such as handrail brackets, cabinets and towel bars CASEMENT Window with hinges on one of the vertical sides and 202 Ar.Romano 3 0  WINDOW swings open like a normal door BARGE Horizontal beam rafter that supports shorter rafters 203 Window space projecting outward from the walls of a BAY WINDOW 204 building LAMINATING Bonding together two or more layers of materials 205 Bottom horizontal member of an exterior wall frame MUDSILL which rest on top a foundation, sometimes called sill 206 plate Small-diameter, pre-drilled hole that guides a nail or PILOT HOLE 207 screw A joist that runs around the perimeter of the floor RIM JOIST 208 joists and home In a building frame, a structural element that is shorter CRIPPLE STUD than usual, as a stud above a door opening or below a 209 window sill Carpentry joint by 2 uneven timbers, each of which is COGGED JOINT 210 notched at the place where they cross A step usually lowest in a flight, having one or both BULL NOSED STEP ends rounded to a semi-circle and projecting beyond 211 the face of the stair string/s A massive concrete wall that resists overturning by GRAVITY WALL 212 virtue of its own weight In masonry, a hard stone or brick used to reinforce an QUOIN 213 external corner of a wall SCARF JOINT A type of half lapped joint used to resist tension 214 One of a number of short vertical member often BALUSTER 215 circular in section to support a stair handrail FENESTRATION The arrangement and design of window in building 216 RIP-RAP Stone placed on a slope to prevent erosion 217 12 MM Lateral ties for 36mm main bars for column is 218 INFLECTION Portion of a beam where bending moment changes 219 POINT from positive to negative ROWLOCK A brick laid on its edge so that end is visible 220 A short flat piece of lumber which is bolted, nailed or SCAB 221 screwed to butting pieces in order splice them together CROSS BRIDGING Diagonal bracing in pairs between adjacent floor joist 222 Ar.Romano 3 0  to prevent the joist for twisting WEB A bar used to hold the reinforcement on a beam 223 BRAD A small finishing nail is called 224 A roof wherein the four sides are sloping towards the PYRAMID ROOF 225 center terminating at a point A meter sheet used to connect girder and floor joist at STIRRUP 226 the same level A slender structural unit introduced onto the ground to PILE 227 transmit load to underground strata SOLDIER Brick set on end with the narrow side showing is called 228 Finely divided solid particles added to the vehicle to PIGMENT 229 contribute color and durability to paint 30 CM End lapping of corrugated G.I. roofing sheets 230 Inclined structural member that supports the step of a CARRIAGE 231 stair CHANNEL Structural steel shape having unsymmetrical balance 232 6 CM Hooked end of a 12mm stirrups 233 SPAN The distance between two structural supports 234 A device used as a guide of the hand saw in cutting MITER BOX 235 object to form a milter joint PLASTIC HOSE The best and accurate tool for guiding the work in 236 WITH WATER establishing a horizontal level 100 MM Minimum thickness of suspended R.C. slab 237 40 BD. FT Total board foot of 10 pcs. 2”x2”x12’ 238 Which among the brick is a common Flemish bond 239 BOYSEN Xyladecor is a product of 240 LOAD BEARING Wall that support weight from above as well as their 241 WALL own dead weight EFFECTIVE The distance between inflection point in the column 242 LENGTH when it breaks VOLUME The amount of space measured in cubic units 243 A bended rod to resist shear and diagonal stresses in a STIRRUPS 244 concrete The most important component to determine the CEMENT 245 strength of concrete Ar.Romano 3 0 GYPSUM BOARD Another term for plaster board 246 FACADE The face or front of a building 247 SKYLIGHT An opening in the roof for admitting light 248 Wood coming from trees with needle leaves, rather SOFT WOOD 249 than broad leaves FIRE BRICK A kind of brick used for high temperature 250 Strips of hardwood usually 2"x2" laid over a concrete SLEEPER 260 slab floor A vertical structural member which acts as a supporting STUD 270 element in a wall or partition Rough plaster finish obtained by flinging plaster on a TYROLEAN FINISH 280 wall with a hand operated machine ADIABATIC Curing of concrete or mortar without the gain or loss of 290 CURING heat during the curing period VINYL TILE A floor tile composed principally of polyvinyl chloride 300 The permanent deformation of a materials under a CREEP 301 sustained load RISER The vertical face of a stair 302 Groove extended along the edge or face of the wood PLOUGH 303 member being cut parallel to grain POST The stressing of unbonded tendons after concrete has 304 TENSIONING cured A brick whose face has been hacked to resemble ASHLAR BRICK 305 roughly hacked stone PERFORATED A type of tape used in finishing joints between gypsum 306 TAPE board Employed to reduce restraint by accommodating CONTROL JOINT 307 movement of masonry walls A window sash which opens inward and is hinged at HOPPER 308 the bottom Inlaid wood flooring usually set in simple geometric PARQUET 309 pattern WROUGHT IRON Anchor bolts and strap are molded out of 310 LAG SCREW Common hardware fastener for truss braces 311 LEAD Sealer type of washer for G.I. roofing sheets 312 SOLIGNUM Trade name for anti-termite surface application on 313 Ar.Romano 3 0  wood ADMIXTURE Retarders or accelerators concrete setting 314 GALVANIZED Coated with zinc 315 SEISMIC Technical term for earthquake 316 STILE Vertical frame of paneled door 317 BASEBOARD Fascia between floor and wall 318 MORTAR Cement, sand, and water 319 BALANGKAS Filipino term for framework 320 BARAKILAN Filipino term for bottom chord 321 SINTURON Filipino term for collar 322 KUSTURADA Filipino term for plastered course 323 REOSTRA Filipino term for purlins 324 ASOLEHOS Filipino term for wainscoating tiles 325 PLATSUELA Filipino term for wrought iron strap 326 KOSTILYAHE Filipino term for ceiling joist 327 BATIDORA Filipino term for door fillet 328 GUILILAN Filipino term for girder 329 SUBAN Filipino term for temper (metal work) 330 Horizontal surfaces on which the stone units lie on BED 331 course The boxing in or covering a joist beam or girder to give BEAM BLOCKING 332 appearance of a larger beam HYDROSTATIC Pressure equivalent to that exerted on a surface by a 333 PRESSURE column of a water at a given height ACI INSULATION Fashion tone ceiling tiles manufacturer 334 JACINTO COLOR Pre painted long span roofing manufacturer 335 STEEL THERMAL Combination of aluminum foil, installed beneath the 336 INSULATION ceiling under G.I. Roofing ELECTROLYTIC Anodizing gives aluminum oxide coating by means of 337 ACTION this HIGH TENSILE Use of aluminum sheets is not allow in this material 338 STRENGTH PLACA ROMANA A brand name of asbestos roofing 339 Ar.Romano 3 0  STEEL Anchor bolts and column straps are made of this 340 FORMICA Tradename for plastic materials 341 TANGUILE First group of wood used as shoring 342 250 MM Minimum thickness of footing according to NBC 343 FLUE A passageway of a chimney 344 A defects in softwood consist of an opening in the grain PITCH POCKET 345 that contains pitch or resin KNOTS Lumber defects caused by broken twigs 346 They are used for unpainted surfaces or those to be PRIMER SEALER repainted after most of the original paint 347 has been removed Concrete mixed ideal for road pavement and AA 348 waterproof structure MOLDS AND Lumber defects due to the effects of fungi 349 STAINS GALVANIZING To coat steel or iron by immersing in a bath of zinc 350 A boring bit having a conical shaped cutter to COUNTERSINK 351 accommodate the head of the screw A metal plate attached to the face of a door, around ROSE 352 the shaft for the door knob The process of marking wood, metal bricks using SCRIBE 353 pointed material A brand of liquid solution of pigment in suitable vehicle DAVIES 354 of oil, organic solvent or water A building material made of fused silica with alkaline GLASS bases, drawn up with a metal bar from a 355 tank ZOCALO A low wall around a chalet type house 356 LAG SCREW Common hardware fastener for truss braces 357 COMPRESSION A material which provides a seal as a result of pressure 358 SEAL between he faces of a joint The cross bar of a panic exit device; serves as a push CRASH BAR 359 bar to actuate the panic hardware BLEEDER MASS Rock volume to collect water in retaining wall 360 A horizontal timber which serves as a base for the stud SOLEPLATE 361 in a stud partition Ar.Romano 3 0  One of the outer structural member of a frame; as at STILE the outer edge of a door or a window 362 sash A tradename for for anti-termite surface application on SOLIGNUM 363 wood A roofing material having a galvanized steel as base COLOROOF 364 with acrylic overglazed LEAN Concrete with low cement content 365 Pre-casted custom designed architectural panel with FLOOR PANEL 366 specially designed waterproof joints A barrier or diaphragms formed to prevent the SHEET PILE movement of the soil, to stabilize the 367 foundations KALAMEIN A fireproof door with metal covering 368 Comes from decidous or broadleaf trees and are HARDWOOD typically used for flooring, stairs, paneling, 369 furniture and interior form The evergreens and are used for general construction SOFTWOOD 370 relatively soft and easy to cut and work Used for posts, girder, jambs attached to concrete and YACAL 371 also for wooden decks TINDALO Finest wood for furniture 372 DAO Used for paneling and plywood veneer 373 Tanguile like for framing chests, jewel boxes, stair KAMAGONG 374 frames WHITE LAUAN Philippine mahogany for framing chests, stair, frame 375 APITONG Used for framing joist, truss 376 Most expensive used for furniture and paneling, NARRA 377 flooring, door pnels, stairs The most common lumber in the market; used TANGUILE 378 generally for framing, joists, nailer, studs ALMACIGA Used for paneling 379 The hard cross grained mass of wood formed in a trunk KNOTS 380 at the place where a branch A crack due to natural causes occuring in timber; SHAKES 381 includes ring shakes, cup shakes heart Ar.Romano 3 0  shakes, star shakes and wind shakes A defects in softwoods; consist of an opening in the PITCHPOCKETS 382 grain that contains pitch or resins A cracks that extends completely throug a piece of SPLIT 383 wood or veneer A small crack running parallel to the grain in wood and CHECK across the rings, usually caused by 384 shinkage during drying WARP Distortion in shape of parallel plane surface 385 A round edge or bark along an edge at a corner of a WANE piece of lumber; usually caused by 386 sawing too near the surface of the lag The decay of seasoned wood caused by fungi of a type DRY ROT capable of carrying water into the 387 wood they infest 1 BOARD FOOT 1 inch x 12 inches x 1 foot of length 388 BOARD FOOT Thickness x Width x Length / 12 389 FORMULA BOARDS 1" TO 1 1/2" thk and wider 390 DIMENSION 2" to 4" thk 391 LUMBER TIMBERS 5" x 5" and larger 392 A bi-product of wood where waste wood boards are PLYWOOD compressed finishes on both sides with a 393 thin layer of wood, glued together with industrial glues JACK RAFTER Hip roof support 394 GYPSUM BOARD Another term for plaster board 395 A nailer strip incorporated in rough concrete wall to be TRIMMING plastered to act as a guide and support 396 GUARD for finish trims around openings and near the base of the wall RIP-RAP Stone placed on a slope to prevent erosion 397 Strips or hardwods usually 2" x 2" laid over a concrete SLEEPERS 398 slab floor Z BAR Steel window section for muntins 399 POLYMER A hardener mixture mixed with marble dust to fill-up 400 Ar.Romano 3 0  the gap of marble slabs during installation of floor or wall finishes A type of handless lockset key operated to give double DEAD BOLT LOCK 401 security TRUSCON Admixture that impart color on concrete 402 PRE-TENSIONED Tension is placed on the reinforcing prior to the placing 403 CONCRETE of the concrete Subjecting reinforcement bars, tendons to tension on a PRE STRESSING 404 stress bed prior to concrete pouring FOUNDATION The soil or rock directly beneath the footing 405 BED Minimum time required for removing the form for 3 DAYS 406 sides of beams and girders To improve the water repellant qualities of cement in SAHARA 407 concrete mixing A paint defects causes by applying a finish coat over BLISTERING 408 too damp a base coat FLAT SLAB A type of concrete floor which has no beam 409 WOOD PLANK A 2" to 5" thick piece of lumber 410 A flat glass sheet possesing high quality polished, FLOAT GALSS 411 smooth surface CASEIN A protein; the chief nitrogenous ingredient of milk 412 A type of roofing materials made from semi solid mixture of complex hydrocarbons derived ASPHALTIC 413 from coal of petroleum and before installation dissolved in solvent, emulsified, heated to liquid The tradename for flouroplastic which is transparent to TEFLON opaque in character and is used 414 primarily for electrical fixture and pipe sealing The chemical reaction between cement and water HYDRATION 415 which produces hardened cement The process of striking the concrete in order to bring SCREEDING 416 the surface to the required grade Temporary structure used to support a permanent FALSEWORK structure during its erection and until its 417 become self supporting Ar.Romano 3 0  TRENCH An excavation whose length greatly exceeds its width 418 A type of steel that develops a protective oxide coat on WEATHERING its surface upon exposure to the 419 STEEL elements so that the painting is not required for protection A pattern bond with alternate strechers and headers in FLEMISH BOND each with headers centered over 420 stretchers in the course below Such as barite, magnitite and steel punching and is HEAVYWEIGHT used primarily for nuclear radiation 421 shielding A type of scaffold which has one line of standard to PUTLOG support the outside of the scaffold deck, 422 SCAFFOLD while the inside edge is supported from the wall being built ASTM C 150 A portland cement specification 423 A clad aluminium sheet used for standard corrugated, ribbed or V-beam section and various ALCLAD 424 embossed patterns for industrial roofing and curtain wall sheets A common paint film defect where progressive CHALKING 425 powdering from the surfaces inward occurs Inlaid wood flooring usually set in simple geometric PARQUET 426 patterns A special coating system with high gloss shine while POLYURETHANE maintaining the natural wood qualities, 427 FLOOR COATING maintenance free, used to finish topcoat and wood flooring A type of plastic rigid to flexible, translucent to opaque PVC and is used in insulation, siding, wood 428 imitation, flooring and piping The paint materials used for sealing, filling, correcting GLAZING PUTTY 429 surface defects on wood surfaces A type of cement that provides 190% of type I strength TYPE III HIGH after one day curing and also produces 430 EARLY STRENGTH about 150% of the heat of hydration of normal cement during first seven days Ar.Romano 3 0  The process of proportioning cement, water, BATCHING 431 aggregates and additives prior to concrete mixing 2 TO 5 INCHES Minimum slump recommended for mass concrete 432 The placing of concrete using pneumatic pressure of SHOTCRETE 433 dry mix concrete or mortars A standing position of brick construction having length SOLDIERS 434 and height as the exposed surface A process employed to reduce the amount of free VACUUM water present in plastic concrete after the 435 DEWATERING concrete has been placed and screen An electrolytic process in which the aluminum is emmersed in a specific acid solution through ANODIZING 436 which a direct current is passed between the aluminum and the solution The substance in the paint which gives continuity and VEHICLES provides adhesion to the surface or 437 subtrite A more substantial framework progressively built up as STAGING 438 tall building rises up 16 MM No. 5 designation of a ba 439 A water tight structure or chamber within which work CAISSON is carried on in building foundation or 440 structures below water level A wood defect that is a small crack running parallel to CHECKS the grain in wood and across the rings, 441 usually caused by shrinkage during drying TENSION SET Bolts w/c incorporate torque control groove so that the 442 BOLTS stem breaks under a specified torque A soil condition where the soil material is in the natural BANK 443 state before the disturbance The process of increasing the density of a soil by mechanically forcing the soil particles closer COMPACTION 444 together, thereby expelling the air from the void spaces A special form of cast in place concrete pile in which an BULB PILE enlarged based is formed during 445 driving Ar.Romano 3 0  TIE BEAM A beam usually distributed horizontal forces to footings 446 A type of glass produced by heating annealed glass almost to the melting point and then TEMPERED GLASS 447 chilling it rapidly which is 3 to 5 times stronger than ordinary glass A type of paint that produces a very smooth and glossy DUCO surface and sometimes referred to as 448 pigmented lacquer BED JOINT A horizontal layer of mortar on which bricks are laid 449 Walls made up of two masonry wythes separated by an CAVITY WALL air space 2" (50mm) or more in width 450 and tied together by metal ties A type of soft formwork with no shoring along its span FLYING FORM and is supported instead of trusses 451 frames along its span and shoring on both ends 1:1 ½ : 3 Class AA concrete mixture ratio 452 A column usually reinforced concrete, constructed PIER 453 below the ground surface A defect in lumber which is round edge or bank along WANE an edge at a corner of a piece of lumber, 454 usually caused by sawing too near the surface A liquid component of a paint to increase its fluidity, SOLVENTS they volatize or evaporated during drying 455 and not became part of the film KICKER PLATE A plate usually wood used to anchor a stair to concrete 456 EXPANSIVE SOIL A type of settlement that cause the grade slab to bend 457 HEAVING upward due to wet soil expansion A special type of paint made with varnish as the ENAMEL 458 vehicle, applied in wood and metal Whitish powder that forms on the surface of bricks or EFFLORESCENCE stone walls due to evaporation of 459 moisture or containing salts KILN BURNED The most widely used type of building brick which is 460 BRICKS made of natural sand and clay or shale COLLAR JOINT A vertical joints between brick wythes 461 CHECKING A paint defect coat by soft undercoat, forming shallow 462 Ar.Romano 3 0  cracks at closely spaced but irregular interval EMULSIFIERS It is not a vehicle of paint 463 INSULATING A double unit glass 464 GLASS A pattern consisting of stretcher or running bond six or COMMON BOND seven courses with a course of 465 headers laid perpendicular to the stretcher course Additive used to ensure that all particles of cement and DISPERSAL water are mixed thoroughly in a 466 AGENT concrete setting Flouropolymers, powder coatings, siliconized acrylics LAMINATED and polyesters are these types of 467 COATING coatings for aluminium A process of coating steel products by immersing them ANODIZING in a bath of motten zinc after cleaning 468 them Another term used for ASTM A572 high strength low WEATHERING alloy. It is a structural steel which uses a 469 STEEL natural form of oxidation for protective coating A rigid frame which is done by welding together its two spanning members, both are TWO HINGED connected homogenously to the vertical column 470 FRAME members fastened conventionally to the concrete pedestal Steel plate under the end of a beam used to distribute BEARING PLATE the end reaction where the beam rests 471 on a masonry or concrete support Used as a dry sheet to protect wood sheating from dripping asphalt, usually composed of TARRED FELTS 472 combination of felted papers, shredded wood fibers and asphalt saturated A type of surfacing in built-up roof where a flood coat GRAVEL of bitumens is applied over the top ply 473 SURFACING and a layer of aggregate is applied while the flood coat is hot SHAKES Unitary roofing materials which are similar to shingles 474 Ar.Romano 3 0  except that they are split out An incomplete form of peeling where the paint cracks into the large segments, the edges of ALLIGATORING which breakaway from the surface while the center 475 remains attached.Usually due to repeated application of new coats over old coats Discoloration of coating caused by solube color in the BLEEDING underlying surface,may be prevented by 476 applying an impermeable undercoating Formation of blisters or pustules in coating, may be BLISTERING due to underlying spots of grease,the sun 477 during the process of drying CHALKING Progressive powdering from the surface inward 478 Loss of luster, due to insufficient or defective DEADENING 479 undercoat, improper filling of wood Clouding of the laquer film through precipitation of MOISTURE BLUSH 480 moisture in the film A kind of masonry finish which utilise a chamfer wood CURDOROY or block out, usually 1"x1" distance at 2" TOOL 481 o.c. which serves a s form when removes gives design FINISH line texture is added by chisel Rough appearance resembles very closely the peel of ORANGE PEEL 482 the orange, improper surface cleaning Indicate imperfect attachment to the surface; due to PEELING 483 dampness, greasy surface and moisture As it called, changes in atmospheric conditions during PINHOLDING application over sweating or 484 incompletely dried undercoats, spots of grease or soap Irregularities of surface due to uneven flow of varnish RUNS AND SAGS 485 or paint, too much varnish, inc brushing Adhesive property of incompletely dried coating, it is TACKNESS caused especially in the refinishing of old 486 work, over unclean or greasy surface Due to applications of few heavy coats for more thin WRINKLING 487 ones, due to cold weather The loss of color of a paint film through exposure to FADING 488 sunlight and weather Ar.Romano 3 0  What is the standard weight of 8mm hot weld 0.396 KILO 489 deformed bar What is the standard weight of 10mm hot weld 0.616 KILO 490 deformed bar What is the standard weight of 12mm hot weld 0.888 KILO 491 deformed bar What is the standard weight of 16mm hot weld 1.580 KILOS 492 deformed bar What is the standard weight of 20mm hot weld 2.466 KILOS 493 deformed bar What is the standard weight of 25mm hot weld 3.854 KILOS 494 deformed bar What is the standard weight of 28mm hot weld 4.834 KILOS 495 deformed bar What is the standard weight of 32mm hot weld 6.314 KILOS 496 deformed bar What is the standard weight of 36mm hot weld 7.992 KILOS 497 deformed bar What is the standard weight of 40mm hot weld 9.866 KILOS 498 deformed bar Is used for general concrete construction where the TYPE I 499 special properties are specified Is for use in general concrete construction exposed to TYPE II moderate surlfate action or where 500 moderate heat of hydration is required TYPE III Is used where high early strength is required 501 TYPE IV Is used where low heat of hydration is required 502 TYPE V Is for use when high sulfate resistance is required 503 This is workhose of metal windows available in many combination of fixed and operating sash. PROJECTED 504 Usually, the lowest light will project in and the upper ends projects out for maximum comfort Another version of the projected sash, this window provides an integral grill permitting SECURITY 505 ventilations but restricting the size of an object that can pass through the window DOUBLE HUNG Operating sash for ease of operation 506 Ar.Romano 3 0  It provide flush interior and exterior wall surfaces SLIDING without the need for counter- balancing 507 hardware intrinsic in the double hung window COMBINATION A larger amount of light than ventilation is desired 508 Vertically proportioned sash that swing outward, CASEMENT 509 somewhat like a door It offers 100% ventilation combined with a degree of AWNING rain protection not attainable with 510 casement sash An awning window which is reduced in to an operating JALOUSIE louver, with a profound effect on 511 appearance and ability to provide weatherstripping Popular in multi-storey, AC commercial building. They PIVOTED 512 usually rotate90deg up to 180deg A movable joint used to attached, support and turn a HINGE 513 door about a pivot Two rectangular metal plate which are joined with a BUTT HINGE 514 pin A hinge containing one or more spring, when the door SPRING HINGE is open the hinge returns it to the open 515 position automatically PIVOT HINGE The axle or pin about which a window or door rotates 516 A hinge designed for attachment on the surface of the FULL SURFACE 517 door and jamb without mortising Having one leaf mortised into the edge of the door and FULL MORTISE the other surface mounted on the door 518 frame A hinge, one plate of which is mortised in the door leaf, HALF MORTISE the other being surface mounted on 519 the jamb leaf A hinge which is applied to the surface of a door leaf HALF SURFACE 520 and to a mortise jamb leaf Structural elements that carry or support the FOUNDATIONS 521 superstructure of the building SHALLOW Foundation w/c transfers load to the earth at the base 522 FOUNDATION of column or wall of substructure DEEP Transfer the load at a point far below the substructure 523 Ar.Romano 3 0  FOUNDATIONS A combined footing of prismatic shape, which supports CONTINUOUS 524 two or more columns in a row MAT/RAFT Large footing extending a wide area 525 FOUNDATION Intended to transmit structural loads through the PILE upper zone of poor soil to a depth where the 526 FOUNDATION earth is capable of providing the desired support Uses wide flange or I beam; A series of steel beams, GRILLAGE bolted together and placed over a footing 527 FOOTING used to distribute a concentrated column over the top of footing COMBINED A footing which supports more than one column load 528 FOOTING A footing which is especially wide, usually of reinforced SPREAD FOOTING 529 concrete A foundation cut in series of steps in a sloping bearing BENCH stratum to prevent sliding when subject 530 FOUNDATION to the bearing load An arch in which intrados below the springing line use INVERTED ARCH to distribute concentrated loads in 531 foundations A watertight structure or chamber within which work is CAISSON’S carried on in building foundations or 532 FOUNDATION structures below water level MAT/RAFT A continuous foundation under a full extent of the 533 FOUNDATION structure A footing having a tie beam to another footing to CANTILEVER balance a structural load not symmetrically 534 FOOTING located with respect to the footing GRILLAGE A series of steel beam bolted together and placed over 535 FOOTING a footing used to distribute A system of piles, pile caps and straps that transfers PILE the structural load to the bearing stratum 536 FOUNDATION into which the piles are driven DRUM MIXING About 10% of the mixing water is placed in the drum 537 Ar.Romano 3 0  before drying materials are added Concrete is mixed completely in the truck mixer 1 1/2-3 TRANSIT MIXED 538 minutes mixing Concrete is mixed in a stationary mixer and delivered in CENTRAL MIXED 539 the truck agitator Concrete is mixed partially in a stationary mixer and SHRINK MIXED 540 mixing is completely in the truck mixer Concrete must be placed in position properly 30-60 MINUTES compacted within WHAT minutes after adding 541 water, then cement setting will start It shall be continued for at least WHAT minutes, after 1 ½ MINUTES 542 all the materials are in the drum Concrete (other than high early strength) shall be maintained above 10 C and in a moist FIRST 7 condition for at least the WHAT days after placement 543 High early strength shall be maintained above 10 C and in a moist condition for at FIRST 3 least the WHAT days of concrete curing 544 HANDLING OF CONCRETE 545 16-20L OF WATER General purpose concrete 546 28-32L OF WATER Load bearing 4" CHB 547 36-40L OF WATER Non load bearing 4" CHB 548 16-20L OF WATER Cement mortar 549 Stacking of cement bags Maintain a clearance of WHAT 4 FEET feet (minimum) between G.I. 550 Roofing and cement bag stack REBAR LIMITATIONS FOR FOOTINGS NO.5 OR 16 MM Minimum bar size of footing 551 1 1/3 TIMES THE SIZE O Spacing of rebars is WHAT of times the size of 552 AGGREGATES OR aggregate or 25mm 25MM Minimum number of column rebar for 4 PIECES 553 square/rectangular coulumns NO.2 OR NO.4 Sizes of column ties 554 BENDING AND BENDING POINTS OF REBAR 555 Ar.Romano 3 0  Beams and girders which require bent bars from face L/7 556 of the support for END span Beams and girders which require bent bars from face L/5 557 of the support for INTERIOR span 45 DEGREES Angle of inclination of bent bars from the horizontal 558 12TIMES BAR Column rebars to be embedded to footing should have DIAMETER OR 559 an anchorage is 305 MM Distance of column rebars should be continued L/4 560 uninterrupted above the floor line 102MM, 152MM, If rebars are to be spliced by welding, it should be cut 561 254MM at these distances from each point of cut SPLICING OF REBARS Splices at point of maximum tensile stress (bottom, IT SHOULD BE center bars, at midspan) Or it should be 562 AVOIDED lapped or welded SIZES OF LAP SPLICES 276 MPA 24 times bar diameter 563 345 MPA 30 times bar diameter 564 414 MPA 36 times bar diameter BUT NOT LESS THAN 305mm 565 ELECTROLYTC Both ENDS of BOTTOM bars should be BENT UPWARDS 566 REACTION at this ANGLE STRAIGHT EDGE Aluminum-Concrete reactions 567 THEY SHALL NOT BE LARGER in outside diameter than 1/3 THE OVERALL THICKNESS OF SLAB, WALL OR BEAM which they are EMBEDDED HAND TAMPER TOOLS FOR PLACING CONCRETE 568 Or "STRIKE OFF" It is the first finishing tool after the concrete is placed and is used to strike off the concrete surface to proper grade JITTER BUG after the concrete has been struck off, it DARBY can be used to compact concrete in 569 flatwork construction A long flat rectangular piece of wood or aluminum BULL FLOAT from 3" to 4" wide with handle on top, used 570 to float the surface of concrete slab immediately Ar.Romano 3 0  A finishing tool used on the edges of fresh concrete or EDGER 571 plaster to provide a rounded corner JOINTER OR A metal tool used to cut a joint partly through fresh 572 GROOVER concrete SCRATCH COAT First coat 573 BROWN COAT Second coat 574 FINISH COAT Third coat 575 A proportioned mixture of silaceous material and MORTAR cement which after being prepared in plastic 576 state with water hardens into a stone-like mass Refers to a piece of timber of either cylindrical or either POST geometrical cross section vertically 577 placed to support a building A vertical structure used to support a building made of COLUMN stone, concrete, steel or combination of 578 the above materials COLUMN CLASSIFICATION TO TYPES OF REINFORCEMENT SQUARED TIED Minimum of 6pcs. of 16mm diam. Reinforcing bar 579 SPIRAL COLUMN COMPOSITE COLUMN Spiral column combined with WF steel column 580 COMBINED COLUMN LALLY COLUMN A steel column used as a support for girders and beams 581 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION JOINTS Such an expansion joint, between two adjacent ISOLATION JOINT 582 structures which are not in physical contact A grooved which is formed in a masonry structure to CONTROL JOINT regulate the location and amount of 583 WITH DOWEL cracking A joint formed by the insertion of the tounge of one T&G CONTROL member into the corresponding groove of 584 JOINT another BUILT-TYPE Used for floor of 5" thick and greater 585 CONSTRUCTION THERMAL Used of heat to prevent contractions 586 Ar.Romano 3 0  EXPANSION PRE STRESSING OF CONCRETE PRE- COMPRESSING Process using hydraulic jacks on fixed abutments 587 METHOD SELF CONTAINED Done by tying jacks based together with wires located 588 METHOD at end of a beam BOND FRICTION Strands are stretch between massive elements 589 THERMAL Steel is heated by means of electric power; cooling 590 PRESSING VOLUMETRIC Used of expanding cement restrained by steel strands 591 EXPANSION SITE CASTS Is used chiefly with two way flat plate structures, almost eliminates formwork by casting the LIFT SLAB slabs of the building in a stack on the ground, then 592 CONSTRUCTION using hydraulic jacks to lift the slabs up the columns to their finl position Is fabricated in large sections supported on deep metal FLYING trusses; the sections are moved from 593 FORMWORK one floor to the next by crane, eliminating much of the labor Useful for tall wall structures such as elevator shafts; stairwells and storage soils. A ring of formwork is oulled steadly upward by jacks supported SLIP FORMING 594 on a vertical reinforcing bars, while workers add concrete and reinforcing in a continuous process Is a floor slab cast on the ground and reinforced TILT-UP concrete wall panels are poured over it in a 595 CONSTRUCTION horizontal position, then tilted into positions and grouted together (Pneumatically placed concrete) is sprayed into placed from a hose by a stream of SHOTCRETE 596 compressed air and can be deposited without formwork ven on vertical surfaces Ar.Romano 3 0  The concrete is formed in thin sections as thin as 2 1/2" THIN SHELLS 597 or a large shell Concrete or mortar which is pumped through a hose SHOTCRETE 598 and projected at high velocity on surface A construction method relying primarily on the used of PRE-FABRICATED standardized manufactured 599 components A method of concrete building construction in which LIFT SLAB floor and roof slabs are cast at ground 600 level and then raised into sa position by jacking CLASSIFICATION OF PILES BEARING PILE A pile which carries a vertical load 601 A pile that transfer its loads to the soil through friction FRICTION PILE 602 with the earth surrounding it A pile driven at an inclination to the vertical to provide BATTER PILE 603 resistance to horizontal forces One of a number of piles, interlocked with similar units, SHEET PILE to form a barrier to retain soil or to 604 keep water out of foundation A heavy square timber which is driven vertically GUIDE PILE downward to guide steel sheet piling; used for 605 the construction of coffer dams, caissons FLOOR SYSTEMS GIRDER A horizontal beam supporting a floor joist 606 A wood member placed on top of the foundation wall SILL 607 in wood frame construction FLOOR JOIST Any joist which carries a floor 608 A short beam, joist or rafter supported by a wall at one TAILPIECE 609 end and by the header at the other A wood strip nailed to the lower side of a girder to LEDGER STRIP 610 provide a bearing surface for joist In concealed construction, a material or member which DRAFTSTOP/ fills or seals the open construction to 611 FIRESTOP prevent or retard the spread of fire A short transverse joist that supports the end of the HEDGER 612 cut-off joist at stairwell holes TRIMMER A beam joist or rafter supporting one end of a header 613 Ar.Romano 3 0  at the edge of the opening in the floor or roof frame STANDARD HOOKS 180-deg bend plus WHAT db extension but not less 4 DB 614 than 65mm at free end of bar 90-deg bend plus WHAT db extension, at free end of 12 DB 615 bar FOR STIRRUPS AND TIE HOOKS 16mm bar and smaller, 90-deg bend plus WHAT 6 DB 616 extension at free end of bar 20mm and 25mm bar, 90-deg bend plus WHAT 12 DB 617 extension at free end of bar 25mm bar and smaller, 135-deg bend plus WHAT 6 DB 618 extension at free end of bar MINIMUM BEND DIAMETERS Inside diameter of bend for stirrups and ties shall be 4 DB less than WHAT for 16mm bar and 619 smaller For bar larger than 16mm are the following 6 DB 10mm to 25mm 620 8 DB 28mm to 32mm 621 10 DB 36mm 622 SPACING LIMITS FOR REINFORCEMENT Between parallel bars in a layer shall be WHAT db but DB ; 25 MM 623 not less than WHAT distance Parallel layers two or more reinforcement, distance is 25 MM 624 not less than WHAT distance In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced compression 1.5 DB NOR 40 members, clear distance between 625 MM longitudinal bars shall be not less than WHAT db nor WHAT SIZE In walls and slabs other than joist, primary flexural reinforcement shall space not more than 3X OR 450 MM 626 WHAT TIMES the wall or slab thickness OF WHAT distance MINIMUM SIZE OF FILLET AND PARTIAL PENETRATION WELDS Ar.Romano 3 0  3 To 6 inclusive 627 4.5 Over 6 to 12 628 6 Over 12 to 20 629 7.5 Over 20 630 9 Over 40 to 60 631 12 Over 60 to 150 632 16 Over 150 633 Along edges of the material 6mm thick, not greater than the thickness of the material 6mm MINUS 1.5 MM thick or more; not greater than the thickness of the 634 material minus WHAT LENGTH OF FILLET WELDS Minimum effective length of a fillet weld; not less than 4X 635 WHAT times the nominal size, ONE FOURTH OR or not exceed WHAT of its effective length 636 1/4 The transverse spacing of longitudinal fillet welds used 200 MM in end connections shallnot exceed 637 WHAT The minimum amount of lap joint shall be WHAT times 5X ; 25 MM 638 the thickness of the thinner 25 MM part, but not less than WHAT 639 The effective length shall not be less than WHAT the 4X , 40 MM 640 weld size, with minimum of WHAT Size of fillet welds terminating at ends or sides; be returned continuously around the corners 2x 641 for a distance of not less than WHAT times the nominal size of the weld ALUMINIZED BACKING & TAPE G.I. STRAP Roof insulation under purlins 642 LINER G.I. TIE WAR ALUMINIZED BACKINGRUBBER Roof insulation over purlins 643 CEMENT (RUGBY) Ar.Romano 3 0  ASPHALT Damp Proofing / Moisture Barrier 644 NON FLAMMABLE Acoustical Installation 645 ALUMINUM 1999 BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION 3/16' x 1/2" An alternative fastening material that can be used for ALUMINUM metal on ceiling joist other than metal 646 BLIND RIVETS screws A masonry finish using pure cement mixed wit flexible CEMENT synthetic latex based additive like TEXTURED Plexibond to a tacky consistency then applied by an 647 FINISH applicator roller to give a remarkable finish A paint defect that occurs on inferior brands where the paints contains soluble pigments thus WRINKLING 648 softens and dissolves by water or by chemical after sufficient drying What is the standard weight of a 25mm diameter hot 3.853 KILOS rolled weldable deformed or plain steel 649 bar per meter length A recommended method of joint by steel deck SEAM LOCK 650 manufacturers S