Digestive System II PDF

·บ 8 เน ัน Digestive System II Amornrat Tothonglor Ph.D. Created with BioRender.com 1  Accessory organ 1. Teeth 2. Ton...

·บ 8 เน ัน Digestive System II Amornrat Tothonglor Ph.D. Created with BioRender.com 1  Accessory organ 1. Teeth 2. Tongue 3. Salivary glands 4. Liver 5. Gallbladder 6. Pancreas Created with BioRender.com 2  Teeth Divided into 3 main 1. Crown ; project beyond the gum - Enamel (hardest in the body) - Dentine - Pulp cavity ; nerve & vessels & CNT 2. Root ; below the gum line 3. Neck ; between crown and root https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/1121.htm 3  Types of Teeth Incisor 1. Incisor 2. Canine or cuspid Canine 3. Premolar or bicuspid Premolar 4. Molar or tricuspids Molar 4  Teeth https://dangerousminds.net/comments/x-rays_of_kids_skulls_as_their_baby_teeth_get_pushed_out Number Incisor Canine Premolar Molar Age Begin: 6 months Deciduous (milk) teeth 20 8 4 - 8 Complete: 4 years Begin: 6 years Permanent teeth 32 8 4 8 12 Complete: 17-25 years 5  Tongue Composed of skeleton m. Is used as an aid in chewing & swallowing https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-10863-2_1 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Midsagittal_view_of_the_mouth_and_nasal_cavities.jpg 6  Salivary gland Each salivary gland has - Serous cells; produce watery fluid containing amylase - Mucous cells; produce mucus that bind food and lubricant There are 3 pairs of major salivary glands: parotid glands, submandibular glands, and sublingual glands https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65749/figure/CDR0000258034__142/ 7  Parotid Glands The largest major salivary gland Lie anterior and slightly inferior to each ear Histology: pure serous cell producing a clear and watery saliva Saliva travels to the oral cavity through parotid (Stensen’s) duct 8  Submandibular Glands Location: inferior to angle of mandible Histology: serous cell > mucous cell Saliva travels to the oral cavity through submandibular (Wharton’s) duct 9  Sublingual Gland Location: below the tongue Histology: mucous cells > serous cells Saliva travels to the oral cavity through lesser sublingual (Rivinus’s) duct 10  Mump Mumps is a viral infection caused by the mumps virus Symptoms ; Parotitis=painful swelling of the parotid glands It spreads easily from person to person through infected https://www.cdc.gov/mumps/vaccination.html saliva 11  Liver - Located in the upper right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity, beneath the diaphragm - The largest human organ - Weighs ~ 1.500 kg - Its main functions are detoxification, metabolism, https://cdn.lecturio.com/assets/Liver-relations-1200x685.png formation of bile, etc. 12  Surface of the liver Diaphragmatic surface ◦ Anterosuperior surface ◦ attach to diaphragm Diaphragmatic surface Visceral surface ◦ Inferior surface ◦ In relation with abdominal organ ◦ Right Kidney ◦ Colon ◦ Duodenum Visceral surface ◦ stomach 13  Visceral surface Left posterior Cross bar of H ◦ porta hepatis - Hepatic artery - Hepatic portal vein Left anterior - Common bile duct 14  Visceral surface Ligamentum venosum Inferior vena cava Ligamentum venosum ◦ Remnant ; Fetal ductus venosus Left Round ligament of liver (ligamentum teres hepatis) Round ligament of liver ◦ Remnant : fetal umbilical vein Gallbladder 15 Peritoneal relations Lesser omentum lesser curvature of stomach & 1st part duodenum porta hepatis & ligamentum venosum 16  Peritoneal relations Falciform ligament Falciform ligament Anterior border of liver Anterior abdominal wall Round ligament of liver Inferior border of liver Round ligament of liver umbilicus 17  Peritoneal relations Coronary ligament : anterior coronary ligament : posterior coronary ligament : triangular ligament diaphragmatic surface of liver https://teachmeanatomy.info/wp-content/uploads/Ligaments-of-the-Liver-Coronary-Falciform-Triangular.png diaphragm 18  Peritoneal relations Anterior coronary ligament Triangular ligament Triangular ligament Posterior coronary ligament 19  The hepatic lobes - Two main lobes - Located on both diaphragmatic and Left visceral surface Right - Right (Rt.) lobe ; larger falciform ligament - Left (Lt.) lobe ; smaller 20  The hepatic lobes Caudate lobe - Two accessory lobes Left - Located on the visceral surface Right - Caudate lobe - Quadrate lobe Quadrate lobe 21  Histology of liver - Liver parenchyma: hepatic lobule - Hexagonal of hepatocytes Central: central vein Angle: portal triad 1. (Branch of) Hepatic portal vein 2.(Branch of) Hepatic artery 3. (Branch of) Bile duct - Hepatocyte ; produce bile 22  Histology of liver https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-3936571bfa09ba286309e70d11bf46ba http://histonano.com/books/Junqueira%27s%20Basic%20Histology%20PDF%20WHOLE%20BOOK/New%20folder%2016/loadBinary_004.jpg 23  Hepatic portal vein Hepatic artery Hepatic sinusoid Central vein Hepatic vein Inferior vena cava 24 http://histonano.com/books/Junqueira%27s%20Basic%20Histology%20PDF%20WHOLE%20BOOK/New%20folder%2016/loadBinary.gif  25 https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-319-64298-7_4/MediaObjects/416768_2_En_4_Fig1_HTML.jpg  Biliary tract Hepatocytes Bile canaliculi Rt.& Lt. Hepatic duct Common hepatic duct http://histonano.com/books/Junqueira%27s%20Basic%20Histology%20PDF%20WHOLE%20BOOK/New%20folder%2016/loadBinary.gif 26  Cystic duct Common hepatic duct Biliary tract Common bile duct Gallbladder Main pancreatic duct Greater duodenal papilla 27  ออก งร ราคา บ มา Pancreas น า เ ร / Stomach -วง the stomach, across the It lies transversely behind Spleen lumbar (L1-2) spine Pancreas Accessory digestive organ : produce digestive mean จก enzymes - duodenum 28 ตั ชิ บ้ ห็ อ่  เ ก, Minor (accessory) pancreatic duct - (duct of Santorini) Common bile duct & · เ Ca เ ่อห ก Main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung) # # ใหญ all -> ล ไ เ drodenum - รวมใน - ม 29 ท่ก่ ล็ น้ ล็ ย่ ลั ำ ส้  Pancreas anto อ ม ท่อ 1. Exocrine portion ↳- ผ ต !v - Secrete enzyme e.g. trypsin, lipase ~ Islets of Langerhans ( 2. Endocrine portion (~1 %) ② - Islets of Langerhans - Exocrine - Produce hormone (insulin & glucagon) ต ะบน ้า ค มด น พระ https://mmegias.webs.uvigo.es/a-imagenes-grandes/imagenes/glandula-pancreas01.jpg ว ove ทห % Insolid c 30 มี ต่ น้ น้ ำ ำ ำ ที่ น้ ลิ  ขยัน อดทน ประหยัด เมตตา ซือสัตย์ กตัญ ู 31