DH 111 Week 2 Chapter 3 - Skeletal System Overview 2023 PDF

Chapter 3: Skeletal System: Part 1 Overview and Skull Bones with Paranasal Sinuses To accompany Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck 5th Edition Production Margaret J. Fehrenbach, RDH, MS Copyright © 2017...

Chapter 3: Skeletal System: Part 1 Overview and Skull Bones with Paranasal Sinuses To accompany Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck 5th Edition Production Margaret J. Fehrenbach, RDH, MS Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 1  Learning Objectives Classify bones of Head and Neck 7.1 identify bony prominences 7.2 identify bony depressions 7.3 identify bony openings 7.4 identify skeletal articulations 7.5 identify bones of the skull 7.6 identify cranial bones 7.7 identify facial bones 7.8 identify paranasal sinuses 7.9 identify fossae of the skull 7.10 identify bones of the neck Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2  Skeletal System Overview  Skeletal system  Consists of the bones and their associated cartilage and joints.  Function of Bones:  Protect the internal soft tissue.  Serve as the biomechanic basis for movement along with muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 3 3  Skeletal System Overview- Features of Bones  Bones have prominences and depressions on the surface to serve as muscle attachments.  Bones also have openings where various nerves and blood vessels travel through  Bones of the skeleton join at:  articulations  sutures Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 4 4 Bony Prominences With Examples Process Condyle Head Tuberosity Arch Cornu Epicondyle Tubercle Eminence Crest Line Spine Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 5 5  Process  Process  General term for any prominence on a bony surface  Example: Alveolar process * of the mandible of mandible Figure 3-51: Anterior View Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 6 6  Condyle  Condyle  Oval prominence  Usually involved in joints.  Example: Occipital condyles * * Figure 3-22, A: Inferior View of External Skull Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7 7  Head  Head  Rounded surface  projects from a bony surface by a neck  Example: * Head of the Articulating surface of the condyle of mandible Figure 3-54, A: Medial View Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 8 8  Tuberosity  Tuberosity  Large often rough prominence  Example: Maxillary tuberosity Recall: Where is the * maxillary tuberosity? of maxilla Figure 3-48: Posteroinferior View Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 9 9  Arch  Arch  Prominence shaped on a bony surface  Like a bridge with a * * bowlike outline.  Example: Zygomatic arch of Figure 3-14: Lateral View the skull Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10 10  Cornu  Cornu  Small hornlike prominence  Examples * Greater cornu * and Lesser cornu of hyoid bone Figure 3-65: Anterior View Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 11 11  Tubercle/Eminence  Tubercle or Eminence *  Small rounded elevation on a bony surface. Figure 3-54, A: Medial View  Examples: Genial tubercles of mandible and Frontal eminence of frontal * * bone Figure 3-24: Anterior View Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 12 12  Crest  Crest  Roughened border or ridge on a bony surface.  Example: Infratemporal crest of sphenoid bone * Figure 3-34, A: Lateral Cutaway View Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 13 13  Line  Line  Straight, small ridge on a bony surface.  Examples: * * Superior temporal line and Inferior temporal line of skull Figure 3-23: Lateral View Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 14 14  Spine  Spine  Abrupt small prominence on a bony surface  may be a blunt or sharply pointed * Figure 3-34, A: Lateral Cutaway View Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 15 15 Bony Depressions With Examples Incisura/notch Sulcus/sulci Fossa/Fossae Plate Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 16 16  Incisura/Notch  Incisura or Notch  indentation at the edge of a bone.  Example: Coronoid notch of mandible * Figure 3-52, A: Slightly Oblique Lateral View Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 17 17  Sulcus/Sulci (pleural)  Sulcus  Shallow depression or groove  usually marks the course of blood vessels or nerves.  Example: * Infraorbital sulcus of maxilla Figure 3-45: Anterior View Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 18 18  Fossa/Fossae (pleural)  Fossa  Deeper depression(s) or concavity on a bony surface  Fossae can be parts of joints, be attachment sites for muscles, or have * other functions.  Example: Temporal fossa of temporal bone Figure 3-13: Lateral View Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 19 19  Plate  Plate  area on bony surfaces that is not a prominence nor depression  Flat bony structure * of a bone.  Example: Cribriform plate of Figure 3-37: Oblique View ethmoid bone Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 20 20 Bony Openings With Examples Foramen/Foramina Canal Meatus Fissure Ostium/Ostia Aperture Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 21 21  Foramen/Foramina  Foramen  plural foramina  short windowlike opening(s) in a bone.  Examples: Mental foramenof * * mandible Figure 3-51: Anterior View Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 22 22  Canal  Canal  longer, narrow tubelike opening in a bone.  Example: Hypoglossal canal of occipital bone * Figure 3-22, A: Inferior View of External Skull Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 23 23  Meatus  Meatus  type of canal opening in a bone.  Example: Internal acoustic * meatus Figure 3-19: Superior View of Internal Skull Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 24 24  Fissure  Fissure  narrow cleftlike slit/opening in a bone  Examples: Superior orbital fissure and Inferior * orbital fissure of * orbit Figure 3-7: Anterior View Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 25 25  Ostium/Ostia  Ostium  plural ostia  smaller opening(s), into a hollow organ or canal in a bone * * Figure 3-56, A: Coronal Magnetic Resonance Imaging From Reynolds PA, Abrahams PH: McMinn’s interactive clinical anatomy: head and neck, ed 2, London, 2001, Elsevier. Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 26 26  Aperture  Aperture  narrow opening in a bone  Example: Piriform aperture of nasal cavity * Figure 3-8: Anterior View Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 27 27 Skeletal Articulations With Examples Articulation Joint Suture Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 28 28  Articulation  Articulation  Area of the skeleton where the * bones are joined to each other.  Achieved through: Joints Sutures Figure 3-26: Posterior View Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 29 29  Joint  Joint  Junction or union between two or more bones  Example: Temporomandibular * joint Figure 3-14: Lateral View Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 30 30  Suture  Suture  union of bones joined by fibrous * tissue  appears on the dry skull as a jagged * line.  Examples: * Coronal suture Figure 3-2: Superior View Sagittal suture of Skull Lambdoidal suture Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 31 31  Head and Neck Bones Serve as a base for palpation of the soft tissue during both an intraoral and extraoral examination of a patient. A dental professional must locate but also recognize any abnormalities in the bony surface structure (discussed later). Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 32 32  Skull Bones The bones of the skull or braincase can be divided into: 1. Cranium  Contains the brain and Cranial Bones 2. Face  Supported by the Facial Bones.  The bones of the skull can be single or paired.  The skull has 22 bones, not including the six auditory ossicles of the middle ear. Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 33 33 Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 34 34  Skull Bones: Growth  Growth continues to take place in all bones of the skull during early childhood.  Growth of the upper face also occurs at the sutures between the maxillae and other bones  Growth in the lower face takes place at the bony surfaces of the mandible and at the head of its condyle. Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 35 35  Skull Bones: Articulation  All skull bones are immovable, EXCEPT the mandible with its temporomandibular joint (TMJ).  The articulation of many of the bones in the skull is by sutures.  The skull also has a movable articulation (joint) with vertebral column in the cervical region = the atlas = first cervical vertebrae Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 36 36 Cranial Bones From Superior View Figure 3-1 Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 37 37  Skull Sutures  Coronal suture  extends across the skull, between the frontal bone and each parietal bone  Sagittal suture:  extends from the anterior to posterior of the skull at the midline between the parietal bones.  Lambdoidal suture:  located between the occipital Figure 3-2 bone and the parietal bone Recall: sutures are a tendonous/fibrous mechanism of joining bones Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 38 38 Skull Sutures From Lateral View Figure 3-11 Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 39 39 Skull Sutures Drake RL, et al. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, ed 2, London, 2010, Churchill Livingstone. Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 40 40 Anterior View of External Skull Figure 3-3 Good Image! 41 Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 41 Facial Bones From Anterior View Figure 3-4 Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 42 42 Questions? Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 43