Cell Organelles PDF
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This document provides definitions and key details concerning the main cell organelles. It covers topics such as mitochondria, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum, and includes their structure, function, and location within cells. This information is formatted for learning purposes and could be useful to students or educators in biology courses. Note that the file has descriptive information and is likely not a past paper.
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Main Points and Key Definitions Cell Organelles Organelles are small structures within the cytoplasm of cells, including mitochondria, ribosomes, and vesicles. Mitochondria Definition: Large organelles in eukaryotic cells that are visible under the electron microscope (1...
Main Points and Key Definitions Cell Organelles Organelles are small structures within the cytoplasm of cells, including mitochondria, ribosomes, and vesicles. Mitochondria Definition: Large organelles in eukaryotic cells that are visible under the electron microscope (1 µm to 5 µm in length). Structure: Double membrane: Outer membrane: Controls entry and exit of materials. Inner membrane: Folded into cristae, where chemical reactions of aerobic respiration occur. Function: Site of aerobic respiration, providing energy for the cell. Key Note: Cells with high respiration rates, like human liver and flight muscle cells, contain many mitochondria. Ribosomes Definition: Small organelles (20 nm in size) found in large numbers in eukaryotic cells and smaller in prokaryotic cells. Function: Synthesize proteins, particularly enzymes used in respiration. Location: Found attached to the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) or free in the cytoplasm. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Definition: A complex system of flattened sacs surrounded by membranes and filled with fluid. Types: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER): Has ribosomes on its surface. Function: Packages and transports proteins synthesized by ribosomes. Examples: Cells producing large amounts of proteins (e.g., digestive enzymes in the alimentary canal) have extensive RER. Vesicles Definition: Small pieces of RER pinched o at the ends to form sacs. Function: Transport materials within the cell by merging with the cell membrane and releasing contents outside the cell. Additional Learning Outcomes 1. State: Cytoplasm contains vesicles and ribosomes. Aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria. 2. Identify: Mitochondria in diagrams and photographs. 3. Calculate: Magnification and actual size of biological specimens using micrometers (µm) as units.
