Cell Organelles - Day 1 PDF
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Uploaded by CourtlyNeumann
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Summary
This document provides a detailed description of cell organelles, including their structures and functions. It compares functionalities of certain organelles to everyday objects, for example, comparing cell membranes to security guards and mitochondria to batteries. It's a good summary of the parts of the cell and their functions for students learning about cell biology.
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# Cell Organelles ## Function **Cell Organelles are the functional units of a cell, each with a specific structure and function, that enable the cell to operate and perform its specialized tasks.** ## Parts of a Cell | Organelle | Structure and Function | This cell part is just like... | |---|-...
# Cell Organelles ## Function **Cell Organelles are the functional units of a cell, each with a specific structure and function, that enable the cell to operate and perform its specialized tasks.** ## Parts of a Cell | Organelle | Structure and Function | This cell part is just like... | |---|---|---| | Cell Membrane | - Surrounds the outside of the cell. <br> - Controls what substances can enter and exit the cell <br> - Separates cell from neighbouring cells | Security Guard | | Cytoplasm | - Jelly-like fluid in cell <br> - Includes the organelles <br> - Fills space between cell membrane and nucleus <br> - Liquid watery part of cytoplasm called the cytosol | Jell-O | | Nucleus | - Nucleus controls and directs all of the cell’s activities <br> - The nucleus also protects a cell’s genetic material called chromatin. Another word for chromatin is DNA. DNA contains all the instructions for what proteins it should make. <br> - The nucleus is protected by a nuclear membrane. Double membrane <br> - This membrane protects the nucleus allowing certain materials to enter and exit through nuclear pores. | Brain | | Ribosome | - Small, grain-like bodies floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum <br> - Site of protein production | Work bench, conveyor belt | | Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER) and Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER) | The ER have pairs of membranes that connect the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. <br> It provides a surface on which chemical reactions can occur and <br> Act as channels for storage or transport of materials | A massive shipping facility | | Golgi body | - Flattened stacks of membrane (looks like pita bread) <br> - Works to package, tag, and ship a protein to its destination inside or outside of the cell. <br> - Packages are membrane surrounded "bubbles" called vesicles | Mailroom | | Lysosomes | - Small membrane sacs or spheres <br> - Contains special chemicals called enzymes to digest food, old cell parts, or waste | Garbage Disposal | | Mitochondrion (plural= mitochondria) | - A jelly-bean shaped structure with an outer membrane and inner membrane which is folded. <br> - Produces usable energy for the cell by breaking down sugar called glucose (powerhouse of the cell) | Battery or power station of the cell | | Cytoskeleton (microfilaments and microtubules) | Consist of microfilaments and microtubules to: <br> 1) Help to give the cell its shape <br> 2) Assist with movement of materials and organelles inside the cell | The roads and pathways of the cell | | Cilia | Fine tiny hair-like projections on the outside of some cells <br> Movement of whole cell or to move substances over surface of cell | Hair | | Flagellum (plural = flagella) | One (or two) singular projection on the outside of some cells. <br> Movement of whole cell | A tail | ## Inclusions - Inclusions are: chemicals that are not considered part of the cell, but are found in the cytoplasm of some cells. - Examples of inclusion: - Chemical called “haemoglobin” (a red pigment) found in red blood cells (RBCs); gives cell red colour - Chemical called “melanin” (various coloured pigment) found in: the skin, hair and the iris of the eye (the coloured part of the eye)
