Den 3107 Lecture 3 - Oral Health Promotion PDF

DEN 3107 LECTURE 3 Lecturer: Dr. R. Overton Social Factors in Oral Health Promotion  Social Factors in Oral Health Promotion Social factors that influence Oral health: ◦Customs ◦Values ◦Social networks ◦Ethnicity  Social Factors in Oral Health Promotion Untreated oral diseases...

DEN 3107 LECTURE 3 Lecturer: Dr. R. Overton Social Factors in Oral Health Promotion  Social Factors in Oral Health Promotion Social factors that influence Oral health: ◦Customs ◦Values ◦Social networks ◦Ethnicity  Social Factors in Oral Health Promotion Untreated oral diseases diminishes the quality of life through: ◦ lack of sleep ◦ limited eating ◦depression ◦Further affecting the ability to chew and swallow foods and therefore limiting the quality and selection of foods.  Social Factors in OHP Craniofacial dysfunction: ◦ limits communication ◦ limits social interaction ◦ limits intimacy ◦ increases anxiety and depression ◦ This leads to loss of work and school days Social Factors in OHP Can affect health on 3 levels: Micro level: influencing the individual Meso level: involving institutions, organizations and social networks Macro level: impacting social, cultural and political agencies  Micro- Level ◦Characteristics such as age, gender, socio-economic position, ethnicity and race which may dictate one’s place in a culture, community, society or family group Age is correlated with the occurrence of disease and conditions and use of dental services ◦Family income levels has an influence on health  Meso- Level ◦Institutions, organizations and social networks influence and sustain individual behavioral norms and health practices. ◦Social networks extend from the family as the primary unit to small groups and larger organizations from which health habits arise ◦The family is the most powerful social determinant in Oral health ◦Groups and organizations like athletic associations, parent- teacher associations and professional organizations reflect social norms that Macro- Level ◦Culture and society has control over health in the macro level ◦Evolving values and beliefs in large institutions and government influence their policies ◦These policies reflect society’s beliefs which define the missions and purposes of institutions Psychological factors in Oral Health Promotion Psychological factors in OHP ◦Changing a behaviour is difficult even if the change is important in maintaining health ◦Behaviours depend on individual’s knowledge, beliefs and values and require compliance measures ◦Pt must value and have access to preventative measures to adopt positive health behaviours  a. Human Motivation ◦ Although health habits are developed in early childhood because of social and cultural norms ◦ They can be changed with new information and individual motivation ◦ The goal of motivation is to assist the person to move from a state of unawareness to a positive health habit. ◦Reinforcement and punishment support behavior change ◦ Human motivation can be either extrinsic or intrinsic Access to Health Care Varies with: ◦ gender ◦ race/ethnicity ◦ income ◦ educational levels Components of Effective OHP Programs  Components of Effective OHP Programs Components of effective health promotion programs: ◦1. Non- dependent on compliance ◦2. Cost effective ◦3. Assurance of correct use ◦4. Adequate funding ◦5. Available to those in need Components of Effective OHP programs ◦Components of effective health promotion programs: ◦6. Effective in reducing disease incidence ◦7. Feasible ◦8. Safe ◦9. Evaluated frequently ◦10. Based on partnerships ◦11. Centred on pluralist methodologies  b. Interventions ◦An intervention is defined as any health action- promotive, preventive, curative or rehabilitative activity in which the primary intent is to improve health. ◦Interventions are all planned activities that occur between baseline assessment and final evaluation. ◦Interventions with multiple activities are more likely to succeed.  Interventions Should be: ◦effective ◦efficient ◦based on sound rationale ◦Activities such as: communication, education, incentives and disincentives and behaviour modification may be used as part of an intervention Interventions ◦Cultural competence is is an integral part of intervention and education ◦It is the process of effectively working within a cultural context as an individual or community from a diverse background  Aspects to consider when selecting appropriate interventions ◦Fit between the goals, objectives and activity ◦Fit between target population and activity ◦Level of influence desired ◦Activities based on theory ◦Adequate resources to support the activity ◦Proven effective program ◦Single or multiple activities c. Education ◦Education is another health promotion activity that becomes effective if used with other techniques. ◦Should be specific to the target audience  Oral Health Education ◦Defined as: a planned package of information, learning activities or experiences intended to produce improved oral health. ◦must assess and accommodate the knowledge levels and needs of the intended audience. ◦Should be tailored to include cultural norms, values, beliefs, attitudes, opinions and environment.  Partnerships ◦Effective OH education and interventions rely on partnerships ◦Universities join with federal government agencies and community agencies to make the objective of healthy people a reality Health literacy  Health literacy ◦Defined as the degree in which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. ◦Capacity= the skills of the individual as well as their natural potential  Health Literacy ◦Ability to understand instructions on a prescription bottle ◦Using medications correctly and safely ◦Asking pertinent questions for information about personal and/ or family health ◦Understand spoken medical and dental recommendations ◦Communicating signs and symptoms to health professionals ◦Advocating for patient rights in a health setting  Health literacy ◦ Is not necessarily related to the years of formal education ◦ May be significantly lower than general literacy ◦ Is impacted by context and setting ◦ Therefore health literacy impacts both the individual’s overall health and the ability of a health care system to deliver cost effective, quality service. ◦ Poor literacy= use more expensive health services, such as hospital emergency room visits ◦ and persons are more likely to be hospitalized  Strategies for Improving Health Literacy ◦ 1. Establish embarrassment-free and open professional relationships ◦ 2. Use more visual communication information, such as sketches, picture books, and videos ◦ 3. Link new information to something the person already knows ◦ 4. Verify understanding through open-ended questioning or having the a patient explain information back to you ‘ in their own words’. Ask for a return demonstration of any new behaviours that require psychomotor skill.  Strategies for Improving Health Literacy ◦ 5. Make instructions and other information interactive. Explain the relevance. Give examples. ◦ 6. Repeat information often; emphasize (highlight) important information ◦ 7. Use simple and clear language and avoid complex technical jargon. Reduce content to what patients really need to know. ◦ 8. Use written materials that are prepared for a 5th grade reading level.  Strategies for Improving Health Literacy 9. Use written patient education materials that have: ◦Simple words with 1 or 2 syllables ◦Short sentences (8-10 words per sentence) ◦Simple large (12 font) print with mixture of upper and lower case letters ◦Simple illustrations appropriate for the target audience ◦Enough ‘white space’ to minimize clutter ◦Bulleted lists END! References ◦ Mason, J. (2010). Concepts in Dental Public Health, 2 nd Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business