DBMS_REVIEWER_2-5-1 (1).pdf

DATABASE REVIEWER UNIT 1-3 1. The first general purpose DBMS was designed by CHARLES WILLIAM BACHMAN III at General Electric. 2. This DBMS formed the basis for an alternative data representation framework called the hierarchical data model. - INFORMATI...

DATABASE REVIEWER UNIT 1-3 1. The first general purpose DBMS was designed by CHARLES WILLIAM BACHMAN III at General Electric. 2. This DBMS formed the basis for an alternative data representation framework called the hierarchical data model. - INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM(IMS) 3. Advantage of DBMS that states application programs should not be exposed to details of data representation and storage. DATA INDEPENDENCE 4. Advantage of DBMS that states when several users share the data. DATA ADMINISTRATION 5. Advantage of DBMS that states the DBMS supports important functions. REDUCED APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT TIME 6. _____ are raw facts. - DATA 7. True or False. A key characteristic of knowledge is that "new" knowledge can be derived from "old" knowledge. - TRUE. 8. ___ is a discipline that focuses on the proper generation, storage, and retrieval of data. DATA MANAGEMENT. 9. _____ are raw facts of interest to the end-user. - END-USER DATA 10. _____, or data about data, through which the end-user data are integrated and managed. - METADATA. 11. A multiuser database supports a relatively small number of users (usually fewer than 50) or a specific department within an organization, called a ______ database. - WORKGROUP DATABASE 12. A database used by the entire organization and supports many users (more than 50, usually hundreds) across many departments, the database is known as an ____ database. - ENTERPRISE DATABASE 13. A database that supports data located at a single site is called a _____ database. - CENTRALIZED DATABASE. 14. Bitcoin is an example of what type of database system setup? - DECENTRALIZED DATABASE. 15. A character or group of characters (alphabetic or numeric) that has a specific meaning. A ____ is used to define and store data. - FIELD DATABASE REVIEWER 16. A logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing. For example, the fields that constitute a record for a customer might consist of the customer's name, address, phone number, date of birth, credit limit, and unpaid balance. - RECORD 17. A collection of related records. For example, a _______ might contain data about the students currently enrolled at Gigantic University. - FILE 18. ACID Property in DBMS that simply says "All or Nothing". There is no intermediate. - ATOMICITY 19. A file system exhibits _____ which means that access to a file is dependent on its structure. - STRUCTURAL DEPENDENCE 20. _____ exists when it is possible to make changes in the file structure without affecting the application program's ability to access the data. - STRUCTURAL INDEPENDENCE 21. _____ exists when it is possible to make changes in the data storage characteristics without affecting the application program's ability to access the data. - DATA INDEPENDENCE 22. _____ exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places. - DATA REDUNDANCY 23. _____ develops when not all of the required changes in the redundant data are made successfully. DATA ANOMALY 24. ACID Property in DBMS wherein if you are performing multiple transactions on the single database, operation from any transaction should not interfere with operation in other transactions. The execution of all transactions should be isolated from other transactions. ISOLATION 25. ACID property in DBMS wherein the changes made during the transaction should exist after completion of the transaction. DURABILITY UNIT 4-6 1. From a general management point of view the ______ is composed of the five major parts: hardware, software, people, procedures, and data. DATABASE SYSTEM 2. HARDWARE refers to all of the system's physical devices for example, storage devices, printers, network, etc. 3. DBMS software manages the database within the database system. 4. PROCEDURES are the instructions and rules that govern the design and use of the database system. DATABASE REVIEWER 5. DATA covers the collection of facts stored in the database 6. Relates to the activities that make the database perform more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed. - DATA OPTIMIZATION 7. The DBMS function wherein DBMS transforms entered data to conform to the required data structures. DATA 8. TRANSFORMATION AND PRESENTATION The DBMS function wherein DBMS promotes and enforces integrity rules, thus. 9. Minimizing data redundancy and maximizing data consistency. DATA INTEGRITY 10. _____ deals with the recovery of the database after a failure, such as a bad sector in the disk or power failure. BACK-UP AND RECOVERY MANAGEMENT 11. SEMANTIC data model provides a high-level understanding of the data by abstracting it further away from the physical aspects of data storage. 12. A description of data in terms of a data model is called a SCHEMA 13. Schema that is the actual PHYSICAL storage structure and access paths. -INTERNAL SCHEMA 14. It is a very low-level representation of the entire database. INTERNAL/PHYSICAL SCHEMA 15. True or False There is only a single conceptual view of a single database. -TRUE 16. This level comes between the user level and the physical storage view - CONCEPTUAL/LOGICAL SCHEMA 17. The DBMS function wherein DBMS creates and manages the complex structures required for data storage. -DATA STORAGE MANAGEMENT 18. refers to the maximum number of times an instance in one entity can be associated with instances in the related entity. CARDINALITY 19. refers to the minimum number of times an instance in one entity can be associated with an instance in the related entity. MODALITY 20. used in the resolution of a many to many relationship -INTERSECTION ENTITIES 21. entities are those which can exist without another entity -INDEPENDENT ENTITIES 22. rely upon the existence of other entities -DEPENDENT ENTITIES 23. when was the ER diagram first introduced - 1976 24. what generation is NoSQL under. - 4th 25. a characteristic of an entity - ATTRIBUTE DATABASE REVIEWER 26. is a brief, precise, and unambiguous description of a policy, procedure, or principle within an organization. - BUSINESS RULE WEEK 7-8 1. anything a person, place, a thing or an event about which data are to be collected and stored. ENTITY 2. a restriction placed on the data. CONSTRAINTS 3. describes an association and entities RELATIONSHIP 4. Is a brief, precise, and unambiguous description of a policy, procedure, or principle within an organization. BUSINESS RULE 5. File System is ____ Generation of Data Model. 1ST GEN 6. object-oriented/object-relational is ____ Generation of Data Model. 4TH GEN 7. A model whose basic logical structure is represented by an upside-down tree. HIERARCHICAL 8. the HIERARCHICAL model depicts a set of one-to-many (1M) relationships between a parent and its children segments. 9. One of the first and most popular HIERARCHICAL Model is the Information Management System (IMS), developed by IBM. 10. In the NETWORK model, the user perceives the network database as a collection of records in 1:M relationships. However, it allows a record to have more than one parent. 11. Enables the database administrator to define the schema components. - DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE (DDL) 12. True or False. The Hierarchical Model creates hierarchical tree with parent/child relationship, whereas the Network Model has graph and links. TRUE 13. Executes all queries or data request. - SQL ENGINE 14. Models that use schema-free or semi-structured approaches. - NOSQL 15.______ uses graphical representations to model database components. ENTITY RELATIONSHIP MODEL 16. ____ describe associations among date RELATIONSHIP 17. ____ is derived from the three-pronged symbol used to represent the "many" side of the relationship. CROW'S FOOT NOTATION 18. In this notation, the connections are written next to each entity box. relationships are represented by a diamond connected to the related entities through a relationship line. CHEN'S NOTATION 19. _____ entities rely upon the existence of other entities. DEPENDENT ENTITIES 20._____ are used to represent data and their relationships within the larger UML object-oriented system's modeling language. - UML CLASS DIAGRAMS DATABASE REVIEWER 21. It is also known as a structural diagram. CLASS DIAGRAM 22. ____ symbol in a class diagram that denotes private attributes or operations. MINUS(-) 23. ____ symbol in a class diagram that denotes protected attributes or operations. HASH(#) 24. A diagram perspective that represents the concepts in the domain. CONCEPTUAL MODEL 25. A diagram perspective wherein the focus is on the interfaces of Abstract Data Type (ADT) in the software. - SPECIFICATION 26. This class relationship is displayed as a solid line with a hollow arrowhead that points from the child element to the parent element. INHERITANCE 27. This class relationship is a special type of association that represents a "part of” relationship. - AGGREGATION 28. This class relationship is a special type of aggregation where parts are destroyed when the whole is destroyed. - COMPOSITION 29. This class relationship is wherein an object of one class might use an object of another class in the code of a method. - DEPENDENCY 30. This class relationship is a relationship between the blueprint class and the object containing its respective implementation level details. - REALIZATION 31. PHYSICAL SCHEMA operates at the lowest level of abstraction, describing the way data are saved on storage media such as disks or tapes. 32. DATA NORMALIZATION is a process for evaluating and correcting table structures to minimize data redundancies, thereby reducing the likelihood of data anomalies. 33. True or false. from a structural point of view,2NF is better than 1NF, and 3NF is better than 2NF. TRUE 34. This operation splits a large table into smaller tables and defines relationships between them to increase the clarity in organizing data. - NORMALIZATION 35. TRANSITIVE DEPENDENCIES exists when there are functional dependencies such that X → Y, Y → Z, and X is the primary key. 36. REPEATING GROUPS derives its name from the fact that a group of multiple entries of the same type can exist for any single key attribute occurrence. 37. What should be eliminated in the 2NF? PARTIAL DEPENDENCIES 38. Each row in a relation is called a ____. - TUPLE DATABASE REVIEWER 1NF Each column is unique 2NF eliminate partial dependencies 3NF Make new tables to eliminate transitive dependencies 1.. 1st Generation (1960s-1970s) = Hierarchical and Network Models. 2.. 2nd Generation (1970s-1980s) = Relational Model and SQL.... 3. 3rd Generation (1990-2000s) = Object- Oriented and Web Integration. 4.. 4th Generation (2000s-Present) = Big Data and NoSQL.... 5. 5th Generation (Present- Future) = Cloud, Al, and Distributed Systems