Concepts of Adaptation and Coping Mechanism PDF

Concepts of Adaptation and Coping Mechanism Paul Cresencio Liberato Instructor PT 113 COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES Department of Physical Therapy  Objectives Learning outcomes: At th...

Concepts of Adaptation and Coping Mechanism Paul Cresencio Liberato Instructor PT 113 COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES Department of Physical Therapy  Objectives Learning outcomes: At the end of the topic, the students: 1. Differentiate adaptation from adjustment 2. Classify the defense and coping mechanism COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES Department of Languages & Literature  Course Outline 1. Concepts of adaptive or adjustment process 2. Defense and coping mechanisms ADAPTATION VS. ADJUSTMENT “Adjustment is effectiveness of individuals attempts to maintain balance between satisfaction needs and environment” (James Coleman 1941) “Adjustment is a process of interaction between over selves and our environment in which either we adopt with the environment or after our environment”. (Lehner and Cube) CHARACTERISTICS OF ADJUSTMENT 1. Adjustment as a continuous process - Adjustment acquired in present situation becomes stable is not true, as the situation and circumstances change, the individual has to make conscious attempts. 2. Adjustment is not one-sided process: - As the environment makes changes in the individual, the individual also makes changes in his physical, social and psychological environment. 3. The individual and the worked both are constantly changing - Adjustment is necessary in the charge and the absence of change. 4. Adjustment is self-perception - Adjustment is not a passive process of adapting with the factors affecting ourselves. It is individual development of his ways of interpreting. 5. Adjustment is a development process: - In the span of life development the individual passes through various stage. With the change of age the situation also changes. There are different problems of different stages of life. CHARACTERISTICS OF SATISFACTORY ADJUSTMENT 1. SELF-AWARENESS - Satisfactory adjusted person is aware of his peculiarities and limitations. 2. SELF-SUFFICIENCY - Such persons mainly depend upon himself rather than others. He is self sufficient and not parasite. 3. SELF-CONFIDENCE - Self-confidence person achieve successful adjustment. Self confidence person is not afraid of any kind or he is not confused. 4. ACCEPTANCE -Satisfactory adjuster persons should accept his and other personality. 5. SENSE OF SECURITY - Such persons do not run away from the responsibilities entrusted to him. 6. SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY -Well adjusted person has the sense of responsibility after his each type of behaviour. 7. GOAL DIRECTEDNESS - Well adjusted person has full knowledge of achieving his goal, he can achieve it. 8. BALANCE IN ALL TIMES - Satisfactory adjustment expects balance from person in past, present and future. COPING MECHANISMS VS. DEFENSE MECHANISM DEFENSE MECHANISM - mostly occur at an unconscious level, and people are generally unaware they are using them. One’s use of coping mechanisms, on the other hand, is typically conscious and purposeful. COPING MECHANISM - used to manage an external situation that is creating problems for an individual. Defense mechanisms can change a person’s internal psychological state.  COPING STYLES AND MECHANISM Problem-focused (instrumental) - typically associated with methods of dealing with the problem in order to reduce stress Emotion-focused - can help people handle any feelings of distress that result from the problem.  TYPES OF COPING MECHANISM Among the more commonly used adaptive coping mechanisms are: 1. Support - Seeking external support from others instead of self-isolating 2. Relaxation - Any number of relaxing activities can help people cope with stress. 3. Problem-solving - involves identifying a problem that is causing stress and then developing and putting into action some potential solutions for effectively managing it.  TYPES OF COPING MECHANISM Among the more commonly used adaptive coping mechanisms are: 1. Support - Seeking external support from others instead of self-isolating 2. Relaxation - Any number of relaxing activities can help people cope with stress. 3. Problem-solving - Involves identifying a problem that is causing stress and then developing and putting into action some potential solutions for effectively managing it. 4. Humor - Making light of a stressful situation may help people maintain perspective and prevent the situation from becoming overwhelming 5. Physical Activity - Exercise can serve as a natural and healthy form of stress relief.  TYPES OF COPING MECHANISM A short list of common maladaptive coping mechanisms includes: 1. Escape - To cope with anxiety or stress, some people may withdraw from friends and become socially isolated. 2. Unhealthy self-soothing - Some self-soothing behaviors are healthy in moderation but may turn into an unhealthy addiction if it becomes a habit to use them to self-soothe. 3. Numbing - They are often aware of what they are doing and may seek out an activity that will help them drown out or override their distress. 4. Compulsions and risk-taking- Stress can cause some people to seek an adrenaline rush through compulsive or risk-taking behaviors. 5. Self-harm - People may engage in self-harming behaviors to cope with extreme stress or trauma.  CONCLUSION People who find themselves defaulting to maladaptive coping mechanisms and/or experience difficulty utilizing effective coping strategies may eventually see a negative impact on mental and emotional well-being. Those who have a difficult time knowing how to cope with anxiety, stress, or anger may fall into the habit of relying on a maladaptive coping mechanism.  Take-Away If you experience stress and don’t know how to cope, a therapist or other mental health professional can often help you develop and improve your coping skills. Therapists can provide support and information about coping skills, and therapy sessions can be a safe, nonjudgmental environment for people to explore the coping methods they rely on and determine how they help or hinder stress management. REFERENCES: Get in Touch With Us Send us a message or visit us City of Batac, Ilocos Norte, Philippines (63) 77-600-0459 [email protected] Follow us for updates facebook.com/MMSUofficial www.mmsu.edu.ph