CVS Theory September 2021 PDF

‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ Circulatory Physiology 1- The function of the … is to transport blood under high pressure to the tissues. arteries  veins arterioles venules 2- The … c...

‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ Circulatory Physiology 1- The function of the … is to transport blood under high pressure to the tissues. arteries  veins arterioles venules 2- The … collect blood from the capillaries and gradually coalesce into progressively larger veins. venules  arteries veins arterioles 3- The … in the capillaries tends to force fluid and its dissolved substances through the capillary pores into the interstitial spaces. Osmotic pressure Colloid pressure Lymphatic pressure Hydrostatic pressure  4- The approximate average forces of net filtration pressure of the capillary is about …. 20 mmHg 2 mmHg 1 mmHg 13 mmHg  5- The … are the last small branches of the arterial system; they act as control conduits. arterioles  venules veins arteries  ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 6- Whenever people with varicose veins stand for more than a few minutes, …. Edema in leg might detect. They faint.  Albumin level increase. Coronary artries collapse. 7- The overall blood flow in the total circulation of an adult person at rest is about: 1000 ml/min 120 ml/min 5000 ml/min  2000 ml/min 8- Which molecule has less permeability? Albumine  Glucose Urea Water 9- Increasing … directly increases blood viscosity. hematocrite  muscles serum plasma volume body weight 10- In the........., the junctions between the capillary endothelial cells are mainly tight junctions. kidney spleen liver brain   ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 11- Which one is not considered as specific blood reservoirs? Spleen Aorta  Liver Large abdominal veins 12- The rate of blood flow through the entire circulatory system is equal to the …. rate of blood pumping by the lung cardiac output  Pulmonary artery Brain artery 13- Inhibition of … greatly dilates the vessels and can increase the blood flow. sympathetic activity  parasympathetic activity GH liver activity 14- In persons with aortic valve stenosis, the aortic pressure pulse is … significantly. increase no change decrease  opened 15- Which vessels are much more distensible than the arteries? Arterioles Heart Blood Veins   ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 16- Which one has important role on colloid osmotic pressure? Inulin Hydrogen ion Albumine  Water 17- Aortic arc baroreceptors send signaling to the vasomotor center by … nerve. Vagus  Glossopharyngeal Carotid Hering’s 18- In which situation, hematocrite is higher than normal range? Anemia None of them Low red blood cell count Polycythemia  19- Which part of brain controls vasoconstriction? Amygdala Hippocampus Cerebrellum Vasomotor center  20- Which factor could decrease blood viscosity? Erythropoietin enhacement Polycythemia Smoking Anemia   ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 21- Based on ohm’s law, if pressure difference increase, blood flow will be …. safe decrease not change increase  22- Where is the position of peripheral baroreceptors? Carotid sinus and aortic arc  Lung Venuls Cerebrum 23- Which hormone act as vasoconstrictor? LH Vasopressin  Glucagon TSH 24- Which one is not seen during muscular activity (exercise)? Vasoconstriction in kidney Vasodilatation in gastrointestinal vessels.  Vasodilatation in related muscles Increase in heart rate 25- Parasympathetic stimulation … heart rate and contractility. decreases  increases has no role on indirectly stimulate Blood Physiology  ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 26- The first cell that can be identified as belonging to the RBC series is........... reticulocyte CFU-B CFU-S proerythroblast  27- Opsonization means........ a process by which a pathogen is selected for phagocytosis and destruction  a process by which the tissue spaces and the lymphatics in the inflamed area are blocked by fibrinogen clots a process by which neutrophils and monocytes squeeze through the pores of the blood capillaries a process by which white blood cells are attracted to inflamed tissue areas 28- The least amount of iron in human body is found in the form of.......... ferritin transferrin  myoglobin hemoglobin 29- The first effect of leukemia is............. metastatic growth of leuke mic cells in abnormal areas of the body  very few WBCs production in bone marrow severe anemia, and a bleeding tendency caused by thrombocytopenia causing pain and, eventu ally, a tendency for bones to fracture easily 30- Thrombin does not have a direct effect on............ factor VIII factor VI  factor V prothrombin  ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 31- Which of the following is not considered to be an intravascular anticoagulants? The smoothness of the endothelial cell surface Plasmin  Heparin The fibrin fibers that are formed during the process of clotting 32- Which of the following refers to the last line of defense against infection? Neutrophil invasion into the inflamed area Increased production of granulocytes and monocytes by the bone marrow  Acute increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood Second macrophage invasion into the inflamed tissue 33- Which of the following refers to the main factor in the control mechanism of erythropoietin secretion? Central nervous system stimulation Concentration of RBCs in the blood Tissue oxygenation  High blood volume 34- After blood vessels rupture, which of the following initiates the extrinsic pathway? Factor IX Factor III  Factor XII Factor XI 35- Which type of maturation failure of RBCs is caused as a result of intrinsic factor deficiency? Hereditary spherocytosis Megaloblastic anemia  Hemolytic anemia Aplastic anemia  ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 36- Each heme molecule is formed from.......... 4 pyrrole protoporphyrin IX + Fe++  polypeptide + Fe++ 2 α chains + 2 β chains 37- Disseminated intravascular coagulation often results from.......... loss of the von Willebrand factor the presence of large amounts of traumatized or dying tissue in the body  an abnormality or deficiency of Factor VIII the presence of very low numbers of platelets in the circulating blood Heart Physiology 38- The QT interval in the electrocardiogram trace represents ventricular refractory period ventricular depolarization ventricular contraction  ventricular tension time index 39- A decrease in atrioventricular nodal conduction velocity will decrease heart rate widen the QRS complex increase PR interval  increase P wave amplitude 40- Ventricular end-diastolic pressure can be used instead of the usual variable on the abscissa (x-axis) when plotting a Frank-Starling curve. What variable does the x-axis usually represent on a Frank-Starling curve? cardiac work cardiac output ventricular end-diastolic volume  ventricular stroke volume  ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 41- In slow response action potential cells of the cardiac myocytes, phase 0 is mainly achieved by Fast Na+ channels K1 inwardly rectified channels L- type Ca++ channels  Na funny channels 42- The transmembrane potential during phase 4 is much less negative in nodal cells than in atrial and ventricular myocytes because nodal cells lack the iK1 type of K+ channel  nodal cells lack the funny Na+ channel nodal cells have high iK1 type of K+ channel nodal cells have high funny Na+ channel 43- During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the mitral valve open? atrial systole reduced ventricular filling isovolumetric ventricular contraction isovolumetric ventricular relaxation  44- In a standard lead III electrocardiography, the negative terminal is connected to the right leg the left arm  the right arm the left leg 45- The ionic basis of the automaticity in the nodal cells that mediates the slow diastolic depolarization is all but an inward Ca++ current through L-type Ca++ channels (iCa) an inward rectifying K+ current (K1)  hyperpolarization-induced Na+ inward current (if) an outward iK+ current (iK)  ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 46- The duration of the plateau in atria is substantially less than in ventricular myocytes because none of the above the magnitude of ito during plateau is greater in atria than in ventricular myocytes the magnitude of ito during plateau is less in atria than the ventricular myocytes  the magnitude of ito during plateau is the same in atria and ventricular myocytes 47- The time from the upstroke of the carotid artery pulse to the incisura is a measure of the period of atrial diastole ventricular ejection  reduced ventricular filling rapid ventricular filling 48- The s wave in an electrocardiogram represents depolarization of a small portion of the base of left ventricle  depolarization of the septum from left to right depolarization of the apex repolarization of a small portion of the base of the left ventricle 49- An increase in systemic blood pressure leads to which of the following effects? an increase in the velocity at which blood ejected from left ventricle a decrease in the maximal wall tension developed in the left ventricular muscle an increase in cardiac output an increase in residual volume of blood in the left ventricle  50- A hospitalized patient has an ejection fraction of 0.4, a heart rate of 95 beats/min, and cardiac output of 3.5 L/min. what is the patient’s end-diastolic volume? 14 ml 92 ml  55 ml 37 ml  ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 51- If the R wave is upright and equally large on leads I and aVF, what is the mean electrical axis of the heart? 0 degree 45 degrees  135 degrees 90 degrees 52- Administration of certain K channel antagonists causes the plateau of an action potential curve to be doesn’t affect phase 2 AP phase duration unchanged prolonged  diminished 53- Very high sympathetic neural activity to the heart can lead to all of the following effects except positive dromotropism positive chronotropism positive bathmotropism cardiac tetanic contractions  54- The T wave in a normal ECG trace is positive because the apex of the left ventricle mass is the last to repolarize the inner surfaces of the ventricles repolarize sooner than the outer apical surfaces the septum and endocardial areas of the ventricular muscle depolarizes first the septum and endocardial areas have longer period of contraction than do most of the heart external surface  55- The v wave in the atrial pressure curve that occurs toward the end of ventricular contraction is due to slight backflow of blood into the atria at the onset of ventricular contraction atrial contraction bulging of the A-V valves backward toward atria slow flow of blood into atria from veins while A-V valves are closed   ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 56- The most common causes of decreased QRS complex are all but ventricular hypertrophy  pleural fluid accumulation (effusion) cardiomyopathy pericardial fluid retention (pericardial effusion) 57- High tension-time index in the cardiac muscle cells occur during isovolumetric contraction abnormally dilated left ventricle  isovolumetric relaxation normal left ventricular diameter 58- The P wave on lead aVR of the normal electrocardiogram will be a downward deflection  highly variable not detectable an upward deflection Anatomy of cardiovascular block 59- All of the following structures are visible posterior to thoracic aorta except Thoracic vertebra Accessory hemiazygous vein Hemi Azygous vein Right posterior intercostal artery  60- All of the following structures are seen in both the upper mediastinum and the posterior mediastinum, except...? esophagus Right Vagus nerve Right recurrent laryngeal nerve  Left Vagus nerve  ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 61- Which of the following structures located at the lower end of the vertebral canal? coccyx Sacral crest Iliac crest Sacral hiatus  62- Which of the following structure is found both inferior and posterior the arch of the aorta? Left brachiocephalic vein Left phrenic Left recurrent laryngeal nerve  Left vagus nerve 63- Where is sinu-atrial node? In left atrium In right ventricl In left ventricle In right atrium  64- All the following options are correct except...? The pericardio co phrenic vessels accompany the phrenic nerve in the chest The thoracic aorta begins on the left side of the fourth thoracic vertebra The thymus is found in the posterior mediastinum  The left brachiocephalic vein is longer than the right 65- In the case of the sympathetic chain, all of the following definitions are correct except....? The sympathetic chain is also seen in the abdomen White rami is find in lateral side to gray rami White rami is along the entire length of the sympathetic chain  Greater splanchnic nerves contain myelin  ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 66- During a heart procedure the surgeon accidently damages the vein that is accompanied by the posterior interventricular artery, which of the following veins is most likely to be damaged? Great cardiac vein Small cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein  Left marginal vein 67- Where we should listen to Mitral valve sounds? In 2th left intercostal space In left 5th intercostal space over apex of heart  In 6th right intercostal space In 2th right intercostal space 68- All of the following arteries arises from internal thoracic artery except…? Sternal artery Musculophrenic artery Posterior intercostal artery  Perforating artery 69- Where is the deep cardiac plexus has seen? Anterior to bifurcation of trachea  In anterior mediastinum In posterior mediastinum Inferior to arch of Aorta 70- Which of the following muscles is in the deep layer of the erector spin muscle? Multifidus Rotatores  Longissimus thoracis Semispinalis  ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 71- All of the following structure are find in right ventricle except… Septomarginal Papillary muscle Chorda tendino Apex of heart  72- All of following ribs has a single articular facet on its head except? first rib Third rib  Twelve rib tenth rib 73- 9th left posterior intercostal vein is going to drain into Inferior vena cava Superior vena cava Azygous vein Hemiazygous vein  74- Lymphatic drainage of all the following areas into the thoracic duct except..? Left upper limb Left lower limb Right lower limb Right upper limb  75- -All of the following structures are going to innervate by phrenic nerve except which? Visceral serous pericard  Diaphragm Parital serous preicard Fibros pericard  ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 76- Which of the following structures crosses the anterior arch of the aorta Right vegus nerve Left vagus nerve  Left recurrent laryngeal nerve Right phrenic nerve 77- Which rib is longest rib in human body? 5th 6th 7th  4th 78- The right margin of heart is formed mostly by which champer of the heart? Left atrium Left ventricle Right atrium  Right ventricl 79- Which of the opening of following vein in heart has valve..? Coronary sinus  Superior vena cava Right pulmonary vein Left pulmonary vein 80- The upper two posterior intercostal arteries on each side are derived which artery Subclavian  Thoracic aorta Right internal thoracic Left Internal thoracic  ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 81- Which branches of intercostal nerve is largest? Anterior terminal branch Lateral cutaneus branch  Colateral branch Posterior branch 82- All of the following arteries arises from left coronary in right dominant heart except….. left marginal Circumflex Posterior interventricular branch  Diagonal 83- Which champer of the heart in chest has anterior position? Right atrium Right ventericle  Left ventericle Left atrium Histology 84- Which antibody has pentamere structure? Ig E Ig M  Ig G Ig A 85- Which organ has dual embryonic origin? Spleen Lymphnode Thymus  Lingual tonsil  ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 86- Most numerous vessels in our body are …. Large arteries capillaries  Small arteries veins 87- Where is the site of blood filtration in body? tonsil spleen  thymus lymphnode 88- Which one is the antibody of secretions such as saliva? Ig E Ig M Ig G Ig A  89- The thickest layer in the wall of veins are…. subedothelia media intima adventitia  90- Which one is primary lymphoid organ? Tonsil Lymphnode Spleen Thymus   ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 91- Where we observe hassal corpuscle in thymus? capsule Meulla of lobula  Cortex of lobule terabecula 92- Which one is the largest lymphatic organ in the body? thymus Lymphnod Spleen  Palatin tonsil 93- In which vessel we observe internal elastic layer obviously? Muscular artery  capillary Elastic artery Medium sized veins Embryology 94- witch of the flowing septum form the floor of the limbus fossa ovalis? septum premium. sub endocardial cushions. septum secondum.  septum intermedium 95- During vascular development, the hepatic part of IVC arises from: Right vitelline veins.  Right subcardinal veins. Right supracardinal veins Right umbilical veins.  ‫آزمون‬: cardiovascular system ‫بر اساس دفترچه کاربر‬100:‫مدت آزمون‬ 96- Which part of the primitive heart tube gives rise to the right ventricle and the aorta? Primitive ventricle Sinus venosus Bulbus cordis  Primitive atrium 97- During Aortic arch development, Fate of the following are correct EXCEPT: Aortic sac: distal (descending) segment of the aortic arch and brachiocephalic trunk.  1st aortic arch: maxillary artery (in the face) 3rd aortic arch: common carotid and initial segments of internal carotid artery 2nd aortic arch: stapedial artery (in middle ear) 98- Which of the follow is NOT part of TETRALOGY OF FALLOT: ASD  Thicked (Hypertrophy)right ventricle wall Overriding of the aorta Pulmonary stenosis 99- The right horn of sinus venous forms: The Rough Anterior wall of the right atrium. The oblique vein The Smooth Posterior wall of the right atrium.  Atrophy and forms coronary sinus 100-Failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to undergo the 180-degree spiral will result in An atrial-septal defect Persistent truncus arteriosus Tetralogy of Fallot Transposition of the great vessels 