Practice Exam 4 Blank PDF

Prac%ce exam resource page These prac*ce exam ques*ons are from previous professors of 118. Material may have been presented/emphasized differently between professors so my exam wri*ng style may be slightly different from these prac*ce exam ques*ons. However, I am using these as inspira*on for my...

Prac%ce exam resource page These prac*ce exam ques*ons are from previous professors of 118. Material may have been presented/emphasized differently between professors so my exam wri*ng style may be slightly different from these prac*ce exam ques*ons. However, I am using these as inspira*on for my exam wri*ng. My exams will s*ll be fully mul*ple choice and over similar concepts as these. If you are feeling stuck with an exam ques*on, I encourage you to refrain from quickly checking the answer key! Instead go back to your notes, ask piazza, or come to my study sessions. The more you inves*gate the correct answer on your own, the more you will learn! If you go straight to the key to check your answers, you are missing out on a learning opportunity. Eventually check your answers against the key to make sure you have the correct ones, but try as best as possible to seek out answers from memory or from collabora*ng with others! Lastly, these are not an exhaus*ve list of topics the exam will cover so please study more than just these prac*ce ques*ons! 1. An alveolar pressure = _____will create the largest volume of inhaled air, if the atmospheric pressure = 750 mmHg. a. 748 mmHg b. 752 mmHg c. 755 mmHg d. 745 mmHg 2. If your muscles are doing a lot of work they are likely to produce ______; this will lower the _____ of the blood causing ven*la*on to increase. a. CO2, pH b. O2, pH c. Metabolic acids, viscosity d. Free radicals, viscosity 3. Blood moves in a consistent direc*on through the body because of _______. This is called _____. a. Pressure gradients, bulk flow b. Diffusion, bulk flow c. Osmosis, homeostasis d. Gravity, blood pressure 4. In figure D: The region indicated by R is caused by ______ , neurons and the SA node _______ in this region of the ac*on poten*al. a. Ou`low of K+ ions, both use this ion b. Ou`low of K+ ions, do not both use this ion c. Ou`low of Ca2+ ions, both use this ion d. Ou`low of Ca2+ ions, do not both use this ion 5. Using figure D: To slow down heart rate the parasympathe*c system mainly ____ a. Decreases the slope of region P b. Increases the slope of region P c. Increases the slope of region Q d. None of these 6. If a person took a drug that blocked voltage gated Ca2+ channels, what would be the most likely immediate effect at the SA node? a. The SA node could never reach threshold b. The SA node could never re-polarize c. The SA node would lack the fast depolariza*on event d. The ac*n and myosin filaments in the SA node couldn’t un-bind 7. If the SA node is damaged, what will happen?  a. The heart will stop bea*ng b. The AV node will con*nue to depolarize c. Only the atria will contract d. Cardiac output will increase 8. If your aor*c semi-lunar valve didn’t close all the way (it was leaky) what would you expect to observe during ventricular diastole? a. Blood would flow from the aorta into the lem ventricle b. Blood would flow from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle c. Blood would flow from the pulmonary vein into the right atrium d. Blood would flow from the vena cava into the lem atrium 9. Pulmonary ven*la*on and internal respira*on are both examples of _________ that depend on _______. a. Flux, a gradient b. Flux, a concentra*on gradient c. Diffusion, a pressure gradient d. Ac*ve transport, a pressure gradient 10. During an inhala*on the diaphragm will ______ crea*ng a rela*vely __________ pressure in the lung *ssue, which will cause air to enter the lungs. a. Contract, Low b. Contract, high c. Relax, low d. Relax, high 11. Blood returning to the lem atrium has a _________ PO2 and will next travel to the ______. a. Low, pulmonary arteries b. High, aorta c. Low, pulmonary veins d. High, lem ventricle 12. During a stressful event the _____ nervous system will be ac*vated and that will _______. a. Sympathe*c, increase the strength of cardiac muscle contrac*ons b. Sympathe*c, reduce heart rate c. Parasympathe*c, increase cardiac output d. Parasympathe*c, decrease cardiac output 13. In the ven*la*on rate control system the target is the ________ and the control center is the _____. a. Lung alveoli, baroreceptor b. Diaphragm, brain  c. Blood buffer system, lung alveoli d. Chemoreceptor, diaphragm 14. Blood leaving the lungs will have a rela*vely _____ PO2 and a _____ blood pressure (mmhg) a. High, low b. Low, high c. High, high d. Low, low 15. The heart ____ beat without neural input because ____. a. Can, funny Na+ channels allow self-propaga*ng depolariza*on b. Can, leaky K+ channels allow K+ to enter the SA node c. Cannot, voltage gated Na+ channels open to allow an influx of ions d. Cannot, voltage gated Ca2+ channels open to allow vesicles of NE to be released 16. During ventricular ____ the ventricles are contracted and the _______ valve(s) is/are closed. a. Systole, AV b. Systole, pulmonary (semi-lunar) c. Diastole, AV d. Diastole, aor*c (semi-lunar) 17. Depolariza*on of the cardiac myocytes causes _____ which creates a pressure gradient to allow ____ blood throughout the body. a. An ac*on poten*al, par*al pressure of O2 to increase in b. Diastole, diffusion of c. A sympathe*c response, increased flow of d. Muscle contrac*on, bulk flow of 18. If Pavleolus = 499 and Patmosphere = 500 this is most likely the start of an _____ and the diaphragm is ______. a. Inhala*on, contracted b. Inhala*on, relaxed c. Exhala*on, contracted d. Exhala*on, relaxed 19. Blood in the _____ circuit travels the furthest, this is possible because the ____ ventricle produces the highest pressures. a. Systemic, right b. Systemic, lem c. Pulmonary, right d. Pulmonary, lem 20. The relaxa,on of the smooth muscle in bronchioles can _____. a. Increase resistance to airflow b. Increase the density of the air c. Decrease resistance to airflow d. Decrease the temperature of the air 21. If the atmospheric pressure = 750 mmHg, which alveolar pressure will cause the greatest exhala,on volume? a. 752 mmHg b. 750 mmHg c. 755 mmHg d. 745 mmHg 22. The movement of gases between blood & alveoli is referred to as _____. a. Bulk flow b. Diffusion c. Filtra,on d. Osmosis 23. Which blood vessels carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs? a. Pulmonary artery b. Aorta c. Pulmonary vein d. Vena cava 24. The ____ pressure gradient is lower for the pulmonary circuit because pulmonary blood travels a ____ distance. a. Bulk flow; longer b. Bulk flow; shorter c. Diffusion; longer d. Diffusion; shorter 25. The semilunar valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood from the _______. a. Arteries into veins b. Ventricles into atria c. Arteries into ventricles d. Atria into veins 26. The primary pacemaker of the heart is the ____. a. AV (Atrioventricular) node b. Parasympathe,c system c. SA (Sinoatrial) node d. Sympathe,c system 27. Following excita,on by the _____, ventricles contract in a “wave” that travels towards the exit, the ______. a. AV (atrioventricular) bundle; arteries b. Purkinje fibers; arteries  c. AV (atrioventricular) bundle; veins d. Purkinje fibers; veins 28. The bulk flow of air is highest when the ________. a. atmospheric pressure is high b. air pressure gradient is high c. concentra,on gradient of O2 is high d. resistance to air flow is high 29. A ______ will increase the rate & depth of breathing. a. Low PCO2 b. High PO2 c. High PCO2 d. High pH 30. Which alveolar pressure produces the deepest exhala,on when the atmospheric pressure is 700 mmHg? a. 695 mmHg b. 705 mmHg c. 698 mmHg d. 702 mmHg 31. The bulk flow of air is highest when the ________. a. atmospheric pressure is high b. air pressure gradient is low c. concentra,on gradient of PO2 is high d. resistance to air flow is low 32. Which of these happens during ventricular systole? a. Semilunar valves open up. b. Atria contract. c. Ventricles relax. d. AV valves open up. 33. Opening up of ______ channels will repolarize the pacemaker cells at the SA node, aber the cells depolarize. a. Calcium (Ca2+) b. Potassium (K+) c. Funny sodium (Na+) d. Regular sodium (Na+) 34. The small diameter ________________ are the primary regulators of flow into the exchange zones. a. Capillaries & alveoli b. Arteries & veins c. Bronchi & arteries d. Bronchioles & arterioles 35. If the atmospheric pressure is 500 mmHg, you are _______. The alveolar pressure would need to be _____ 500 mmHg for you to inhale air. a. Below sea level; greater than b. In the mountains; less than c. Below sea level; less than d. In the mountains; greater than 36. A normal response to low oxygen levels in the blood will include ______ feedback triggering a(an) _____. a. Posi,ve; increased parasympathe,c s,mula,on b. Nega,ve; increased mucous produc,on c. Posi,ve; constric,on of airways d. Nega,ve; increased depth of breathing 37. Which of these is the strongest (most muscular) chamber of the heart? a. Leb ventricle b. Leb atrium c. Right atrium d. Right ventricle 38. The _____ is the primary pacemaker of the heart & reaches threshold by the opening of _______ channels. a. SA node; “funny” sodium (Na+) b. AV node; T-type calcium (Ca2+) c. SA node; potassium (K+) d. AV bundle; T-type calcium (Ca2+) 39. Your ventilation rate is MOST sensitive to changes in ______. a. Blood PCO2 b. Blood pressure c. Blood PO2 d. Air pressure 40. The systemic circuit carries ______ than the pulmonary circuit & thus the strongest (most muscular) chamber of the heart is _______. a. Blood further; left ventricle b. Cooler blood; right ventricle c. Thicker blood; left atrium d. Warmer blood; right atrium 41. Which of the comparisons regarding the level of blood oxygenation is correct? a. Higher in pulmonary artery than in pulmonary vein b. Higher in right ventricle than in left ventricle c. Higher in aorta than in pulmonary vein d. Higher in left atrium than in right atrium 42. Which of the following choices correctly describes what happens during an inspiration (inhalation)? a. Diaphragm contracts -> decrease volume -> pressure increases inside the lungs  b. Diaphragm relaxes -> decrease volume -> pressure decreases inside the lungs c. Diaphragm contracts -> increase volume -> pressure decreases inside the lungs d. Diaphragm relaxes -> increase volume -> pressure increases inside the lungs 43. Gas exchange with surrounding tissues occurs across ____ because these vessels are so _____. a. Arteries; strong b. Veins; big c. Capillaries; thin walled d. Arterioles; numerous 44. When the ____ valves open up, blood flows from ________. a. Atrioventricular; atria into ventricles b. Atrioventricular; ventricles into arteries c. Semilunar; ventricles into atria d. Semilunar; arteries into ventricles 45. When arterial PCO2 is above normal, blood pH becomes more _____. A negative feedback loop causes a(n) ______ in the rate & depth of breathing to correct the problem. a. Acidic; decrease b. Acidic; increase c. Basic; decrease d. Basic; increase