CS 110 Introduction to Computing - Cengage - PDF

CS 110 – Introduction To Computing Module 2: Computer Hardware (Evaluating Hardware: For Home a...

CS 110 – Introduction To Computing Module 2: Computer Hardware (Evaluating Hardware: For Home and Work) Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May Reserved. not be scanned, May not copied be scanned, or duplicated, copied or or posted duplicated, to a publicly or postedaccessible to a publicly website, accessible in whole website, or in part. in whole or in part. 1  Module Objectives By the end of this module, you should be able to: Explain considerations when purchasing technology devices Describe the characteristics and uses of input and output devices Evaluate hardware Prevent and troubleshoot hardware theft or failure Distinguish among internal, external, and cloud-based storage Describe network hardware Explain the uses of cases, motherboard components, system clock, processor cooling, the arithmetic logic unit, the machine cycle, and registers Discuss ways to prevent health-related injuries and disorders caused by technology use Identify responsible e-waste and technology disposal techniques Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 2 Considering Computer Operating Systems (1 of 6) Hardware refers to the device itself and its components, such as wires, cases, switches, and electronic circuits. Components of computer hardware contain various types of hardware: ✔ Memory ✔ Storage devices ✔ CPU ✔ Input and output devices ✔ Communication devices Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 3 Considering Computer Operating Systems (2 of 6) Figure 3-2 How a computer might use virtual memory. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 4 Considering Computer Operating Systems (3 of 6) A processor core is a unit on the processor with the circuitry necessary to execute instructions. Processors with more cores perform better. A processor with multiple cores is a multi-core processor. Computer memory is responsible for holding data and programs as they are being processed by the CPU. An operating system and other apps require a certain amount of RAM to function properly. When more apps run simultaneously, more RAM will be required. The area of the hard drive temporarily used to store data that cannot fit in RAM is called a swap file, or paging file. Using virtual memory may decrease your computer’s performance. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 5  Considering Computer Operating Systems (4 of 6) RAM ROM It is the temporary storage location. It is the permanent storage location. It is stored on one or more chips It is stored on a chip that contains connected to the main circuit board of BIOS connected to the main circuit the computer (the motherboard). board of the computer (the motherboard). It is volatile memory. It is non-volatile memory. The motherboard is a circuit board inside a computer that contains the Computer manufacturers update the microprocessor, the computer memory, instructions on the ROM chip, which and other internal devices. are referred to as firmware. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6 Considering Computer Operating Systems (5 of 6) Table 3-1 Types of RAM. Type of RAM Description Volatile or Nonvolatile Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Memory needs to be constantly recharged or Volatile contents will be erased. Static RAM Memory can be recharged less frequently than Volatile DRAM but can be more expensive than DRAM. Magneto-resistive RAM Memory uses magnetic charges to store Non volatile contents and can retain its contents in the absence of power. Flash memory Fast type of memory that is typically less Non volatile expensive than some other types of RAM and can retain its contents in the absence of power. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 7  Considering Computer Operating Systems (6 of 6) Table 3-2 Factors to consider in buying a computer. Consideration Questions Platform Do I need to use software that requires a specific platform? Does the computer need to be compatible with other devices I own that use a particular platform? Hardware Do I require specific hardware to perform my intended tasks? How much data and information do I plan to store on the computer? Hardware Will the tasks I perform or software I want to run require certain specifications hardware specifications? Form factor Will I be using this computer in one location, or will I need to be mobile? Add-on devices What additional devices will I need to perform my intended tasks? Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 8  Which Type of Computer Is Right For You? (1 of 2) Table 3-3 Evaluating system requirements. Specification Recommended Solution Different processor Identify the program or app with the greater processor requirement and select a requirements computer with a processor that meets or exceeds the requirement. Different memory Identify the program or app with the greater memory requirement and select a requirements computer with a memory type and capacity that meets or exceeds this requirement. Computers with as little as 4 GB of memory are great for basic web browsing and very basic productivity tasks, while computers with as much as 32 GB are often used for virtual reality applications, high-end gaming, and other intensive tasks. Different storage Add the storage requirements for each program or app you want to use, and select a requirements computer with a storage capacity that exceeds the sum of all storage requirements. Other differing In most cases, identify the program or app with the greater requirement and select a hardware computer that at least meets or exceeds this requirement. requirements Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 9 Which Type of Computer Is Right For You? (2 of 2) The form factor refers to the shape and size of the computer. Various types of computers exist, including desktop computers, all- in-one computers, laptops, tablets, and other mobile devices. A desktop computer typically consists of the system unit, monitor, keyboard, and mouse which remain in a stationary location under a desk or table. An all-in-one computer has a monitor and system unit housed together. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 10  Selecting The Right Device (1 of 2) A laptop is a compact communicating Ultrathin laptops device with Light weight and more expensive input devices, keyboard, touchpad, Less powerful and webcam Thin device with fewer parts output devices, screens, and speakers Longer battery life one or more storage devices, such as a hard drive Figure 3-7 Laptop form factors. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11  Selecting The Right Device (2 of 2) Two popular form factors of tablets are slate and convertible. A slate tablet resembles a letter-sized pad and does not contain a physical keyboard. A convertible tablet is a tablet that has a screen on its lid and a keyboard on its base. Figure 3-8 Slate and convertible tablets. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12  Input and Output Devices (1 of 3) A scanner is an input device that converts an existing paper image into an electronic file that you can open and work with on your computer. 3-D scanners can scan three-dimensional objects. Scanner can be used to scan a printed document to edit it using an app on your computer. A printer creates hard copy output on paper, film, and other media. A printer can be linked to a computer wirelessly, over a network, or with a cable. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 13  Input and Output Devices (2 of 3) Table 3-4 Types of printers. Type of Printer Description Inkjet printer Prints by spraying small dots of ink onto paper Laser printer Uses a laser beam and toner to print on paper Multifunction device Also called an all-in-one printer; can serve as an input device by copying and scanning as well as an output device by faxing and printing Mobile printer Small, lightweight printer that is built into or attached to a mobile device for mobile printing Plotter Large-format printer that uses charged wires to produce high-quality drawings for professional applications such as architectural blueprints; plotters draw continuous lines on large rolls of paper 3–D printer Creates objects based on computer models using special plastics and other materials Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 14  Input and Output Devices (3 of 3) Computers can also provide voice output. A voice synthesizer converts text to speech. Some apps and operating systems have a built-in voice synthesizer. It is convenient for some and helpful for those with visual impairments. Projectors can display output from a computer on a large surface, such as a wall or screen. These are wired or wirelessly connected to one another. Figure 3-20 Projector and screen. It is an exact replica of the computer monitor. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 15  Install and Evaluate Hardware (1 of 3) Before you turn on your computer or device for the first time, make sure that: All necessary components are included and free from damage. Read the manual to ensure you are following the setup instructions. Carefully unpack all components from the box and in case of laptop, charge the battery completely before use. Connect all components and accessories. Turn on the computer or device and Figure 3-21 User manuals provide follow all the remaining steps on the safe setup instructions. screen. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 16  Install and Evaluate Hardware (2 of 3) Peripheral devices over the wireless network need installation directly to your device through a port. Some devices, called Plug-and-Play devices, will begin functioning properly as soon as they are connected to your computer. A device driver is a program that allows your computer or device to issue controls to a separate device, such as a printer, monitor, or video card. To connect a wireless device to your computer, follow the installation instructions that come with the device. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 17  Install and Evaluate Hardware (3 of 3) The processor’s clock speed measures the speed at which it can execute instructions. A cycle is the smallest unit of time a process can measure. The efficiency of a CPU is measured by instructions per cycle. The bus width determines the speed at which data travels and is also referred to as the word size. A benchmark is a test run by a laboratory or other organization to determine processor speed and other performance factors. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 18  Secure IT: Reducing Hardware Risks (1 of 5) Avoid Hardware Theft Known for their mobility, devices can be stolen Keep data accessible in case of theft or destruction of the device To prevent laptops from being stolen, use a cable lock. Keep mobile devices out of sight when traveling in a high-crime area. Minimize the use of headphones and be aware of your surroundings. Figure 3-22 Laptop cable lock. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 19  Secure IT: Reducing Hardware Risks (2 of 5) Use a damp cloth to clean the screen gently. Use a can of compressed air to clean the keyboard of any dirt and debris. Extreme temperatures or humidity can damage electronics. An uninterruptible power supply is a device that maintains power to computer equipment in the event of an interruption in the primary electrical source. A surge suppressor is a device that prevents power fluctuations from damaging electronic Figure 3-23 Uninterruptible power components. supply. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 20  Secure IT: Reducing Hardware Risks (3 of 5) Protecting a computer from a cyber attack is important, but its damage by dropping it or by a lightning strike is also of prime importance. Table 3-5 Electrical changes. Electrical Explanation Change Blackout Total loss of power Brownout Drop in voltage lasting minutes or hours Spike Very short duration of voltage increase Surge Short duration of voltage increase Noise Unwanted high-frequency energy Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 21  Secure IT: Reducing Hardware Risks (4 of 5) Restoring an operating system means reverting all settings to their default or migrating back to the operating system’s previous version. To restore the operating system, review the help documentation and follow the specified steps. Data backups can protect against hardware malfunctions, user errors, software corruption, and natural disasters. They can also protect against cyber Figure 3-24 Windows includes a feature to attacks. restore your operating system. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 22  Secure IT: Reducing Hardware Risks (5 of 5) The central connection devices for a home-based Wi-Fi network are called wireless routers. Wi-Fi networks are vulnerable to several risks, such as:  Reading wireless transmissions  Viewing or stealing computer data  Injecting malware  Downloading harmful content Figure 3-25 Wireless router. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 23  Internal, External, and Cloud-Based Storage Solutions (1 of 3) When using a computer, the most common storage medium is the internal hard drive and can either store data magnetically or use solid state storage. Internal hard drives are installed on the computer you are using. An external hard drive can add storage capacity to your computer. Magnetic hard disk drives (HDDs) typically have greater storage capacity. A solid-state drive (SSD) is faster and more Figure 3-26 Hard disk drive. durable than magnetic drives. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 24  Internal, External, and Cloud-Based Storage Solutions (2 of 3) Optical media use laser technology for storage and playback and include CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs. Optical media were once widely used to distribute installation files for programs and apps, but saving files to optical media requires special software or capabilities within the operating system. Instead of optical discs, USB flash drives, external hard drives, and cloud storage are now more commonly used to transport files. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 25  Internal, External, and Cloud-Based Storage Solutions (3 of 3) Cloud storage involves storing electronic files on a remote server connected to the Internet, not on a local computer, and is called storing data on the cloud. It enables the storage of files remotely on servers that could be any part of the world. Storing files on and retrieving files from cloud storage requires only a computer or mobile device with an Internet connection. Cloud storage companies host and maintain the servers and provide access to your files. Figure 3-28 Cloud storage. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 26  Network Hardware (1 of 3) All networks have the same basic characteristics and hardware. Networks allow computers to share resources, such as hardware, software, data, and information. A network requires a combination of hardware and software to operate. Smaller networks usually require simple hardware and can rely on the operating system’s features while larger networks typically require more sophisticated hardware and software. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 27  Network Hardware (2 of 3) Devices on a network, also called nodes, include computers, tablets, mobile phones, printers, game consoles, and smart home devices. Most networks also include additional components, such as hubs, switches, and routers. A hub is a device that provides a central point for cables in a network and transfers all data to all devices. A switch is similar to a hub in that it provides a central point for cables in a network. A router is a device that connects two or more networks and directs, or routes, the flow of information along the networks. A modem is a communications device that connects a communications channel, such as the Internet, to a sending or receiving device, such as a computer. For a computer to connect to a network, it should have a network interface card. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 28  Network Hardware (3 of 3) Most of today’s modems are digital, which means that they send and receive data to and from a digital line. Cable and DSL (digital subscriber line) are two common types of digital modems. The type of modem required for your network will depend on your Internet service provider. A cable modem sends and receives digital data over a cable TV connection. A DSL modem uses existing standard copper telephone wiring to send and Figure 3-29 Modems can connect many receive digital data. devices to the Internet. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 29  Inside the Case (1 of 5) Processor chips for laptops, desktops, and servers can generate quite a bit of heat, which could cause the chip to malfunction or fail. Heat sinks, liquid cooling technologies, and cooling pads are used to help further dissipate processor heat. A heat sink is a small ceramic or metal component with fins on its surface that absorbs and disperses heat produced. Liquid cooling technology uses a continuous flow of fluid, such as water and glycol, in a process that transfers the heated fluid away. A cooling pad rests below a laptop and protects the computer from overheating. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 30  Inside the Case (2 of 5) Figure 3-30 Typical components of a higher-end desktop and laptop. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 31  Inside the Case (3 of 5) Many electronic components, such as the processor and memory, attach to the motherboard; others are built into it. On desktop and laptop computers, the circuitry for the processor, memory, and other components resides on a computer chip. A computer chip is a small piece of semiconducting material, usually silicon, on which integrated circuits are etched. An integrated circuit contains many microscopic pathways capable of carrying electrical current. Figure 3-31 A desktop and laptop motherboard. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 32  Inside the Case (4 of 5) A processor repeats a set of four basic operations, which comprise a machine cycle. Fetching is the process of obtaining a program or an application instruction or data item from memory. Decoding refers to the process of translating the instructions into signals the computer can execute. Executing is the process of carrying out the commands. Storing, in this context, “writing” means writing the result to memory Figure 3-32 The steps in the (not to a storage medium). machine cycle. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 33  Inside the Case (5 of 5) A processor contains small, high-speed storage locations, called registers, that temporarily hold data and instructions. Registers are part of the processor not part of memory or a permanent storage device. Register functions include storing the location from where instruction was fetched, storing an instruction while the control unit decodes it, storing data while the ALU calculates it, and storing the results of a calculation. The hazard of technology is your physical health as well as your behavioral and social well-being. Many users of technological devices report aches and pains associated with repeated and long-term usage of the devices, known as repetitive strain injury (RSI). Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 34  How To: Protect Yourself When Using Devices (5 of 5) RSI impacts your muscles, nerves, tendons, and ligaments. RSI most often affects the upper parts of the body, including elbows, forearms, hands, neck, shoulders, and wrists RSI has a variety of symptoms: ✔ Aching ✔ Tenderness ✔ Cramp ✔ Throbbing ✔ Numbness ✔ Tingling ✔ Pain ✔ Weakness ✔ Stiffness Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 35  How To: Protect Yourself When Using Devices (1 of 4) RSI most often is caused by three factors: Table 3-6 Causes and examples of RSI. Cause Description Example Repetitive activity Repeating the same activity Typing on a keyboard for over a lengthy time period multiple hours every day over several years Improper technique Using the wrong procedure Slouching in a chair or posture Uninterrupted intensity Performing the same high- Working at a computer all level activity without day with no breaks frequent periods of rest Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 36  How To: Protect Yourself When Using Devices (2 of 4) Ergonomics is an applied science that specifies the design and arrangement of items that you use so that you and the items interact efficiently and safely. This shows the correct ergonomic posture and techniques for sitting while working on a computer. Figure 3-33 Ergonomic sitting setup. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 37  How To: Protect Yourself When Using Devices (3 of 4) One behavioral hazard is technology addiction, which occurs when a user is obsessed with using a technology device. Apart from technology addiction, other behavioral risks are: ✔ Sedentary lifestyle ✔ Psychological development ✔ Social interaction One negative impact that can result in serious emotional harm is cyber-bullying. Doxing is a form of cyber-bullying in which documents (dox) are shared digitally that give private or personal information about a person. Cyber-stalking involves the use of technology to stalk another person through email, text messages, phone calls, and other forms of communication. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 38  How To: Protect Yourself When Using Devices (4 of 4) Table 3-7 Harmful features of cyberbullying. Feature Bullying Cyberbullying Seems to never end A child may be bullied at school, Because cyberbullying comments but once the child goes home the posted online are visible all the time to bullying ceases. the victim the bullying never ends. Everyone knows about Mean-spirited words spoken to a A cyberbully can post comments online it victim may be heard only by that can be read by everyone. those who are nearby. May follow for a Bullying usually stops when the Posted cyberbullying comments may lifetime person or victim leaves. remain visible online for years and even follow the victim through life, impacting college admissions and employment. Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 39  Ethics and Issues: Dispose of Hardware Responsibly (1 of 2) E-waste is electronic waste from discarded digital devices. It often contains toxic metals, like lead and mercury which contaminate the ground and water supply, causing harm to the environment. Three responsible methods for disposing of e-waste:  Send it to a recycling facility  Donate it to a charity or other nonprofit organization Figure 3-35 Electronic recycling center.  Bring it to a technology store or firm Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 40  Ethics and Issues: Dispose of Hardware Responsibly (2 of 2) An initiative called Sustainable Electronics Management (SEM) promotes the reduction of e-waste. Table 3-8 SEM action steps. Step Action Description 1 Buy Green When purchasing new electronic equipment, buy only products that have been designed sustainably 2 Donate Donate used but still functional equipment to a school, charity, or nonprofit organization 3 Recycle Send equipment to a verified used electronics recycling center Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 41