Music and Drama Elements PDF

Music is the art of arranging sounds in time through the elements of melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre. Elements of Music The elements of music are listed below: 1. Pitch. Pitch is the relative highness or lowness of a tone. 2. Volume. Volume, also called intensity, is the loudness or softness of...

Music is the art of arranging sounds in time through the elements of melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre. Elements of Music The elements of music are listed below: 1. Pitch. Pitch is the relative highness or lowness of a tone. 2. Volume. Volume, also called intensity, is the loudness or softness of a sound. 3. Tempo. Also known as rate, tempo is the speed of a composition or any of its section. 4. Duration. Duration is the length of time during which a sound is produced. Some sounds are longer than the other. 5. Timbre. Timbre is the quality of sound that makes it distinct from other sounds. 6. Rhythm. Rhythm is the consistent pattern or succession of identical or similar sounds. 7. Melody. Melody is the series of consecutive tones that vary in pitch and duration but form a line of individual significance and expressive value. 8. Harmony. Harmony is the simultaneous sounding of two or more tones. 9. Texture. Texture is the number of tones expected to be apprehended simultaneously. 10. Form. Form is the overall organization of the composition. Drama is a form of art that depicts life’s experiences through the reenactment of events that take place in the real world or happen in the mind of the writer. Elements of Drama 1. Direction. Direction is the overall charge of the dramatic performance. 2. Acting. Acting is the performing of roles assigned by the director. 3. Editing. Editing is sequencing the scenes to be presented in such a way that they make up a coherent whole. 4. Set Design. Set design is the layout of the set. 5. Production Design. Production design is the overall design for a drama to be shown on the small screen or wide screen. 6. Cinematography. Cinematography is taking charge of the photography. 7. Costume Design. Costume design is the creation of the clothes to be worn by the actors and actresses. 8. Make-up. Make-up beautifies or uglifies the actors and actresses based on the roles they portray. 9. Properties. Props for short, are the things which the actors and actresses carry with them as they perform. 10. Light Effects. Lighting is determining the amount and source of light needed to make scenes realistic and credible. 11. Sound Effects. Sound effect is determining the amount and the sources of sound needed to make the scenes realistic and credible. 12. Visual Effects. Visual effect is producing sights that are not usually captured by the camera in order to make the scenes effective, exciting and appealing to viewers. 13. Theme Song. Theme song is the song composed to represent the theme or the subject matter of the drama. 14. Musical Score. These are other songs played to set the mood, to excite the audience, or keep the viewers glued to their seats. 15. Story. Story is one of the most important aspects of a play, for without it, there won’t be any production. 16. Script. The script is that which contains the dialogue or the lines to be memorize by the performers. It also contains the director’s instruction. 17. Literary Elements. The literary elements of drama are the setting, characters, plot, theme, conflict, point of view, tone, mood, and atmosphere. Common Types of Drama 1. Comedy - Lighter in tone, comedies are intended to make the audience laugh and usually come to a happy ending 2. Tragedy - Based on darker themes, tragedies portray serious subjects like death, disaster, and human suffering in a dignified and thought-provoking way 3. Opera - This versatile genre of drama combines theater, dialogue, music, and dance to tell grand stories of tragedy or comedy. Literary Arts The term literature came from the Latin word literatura which means writing or learning or from word literatus meaning literate or learned. Poetry is the broad genre of literature that is written in stanza form. 1. Measure. a. Vertical measure is the number of lines and stanzas of a poem. b. Horizontal measure is the number of syllables in a line. 2. Rhythm. Rhythm is the regular succession of accented and unaccented syllables in a line. 3. Rhyme. Rhyme is the presence of words that have similar or identical final sounds. The following are the kinds of rhyme. a. Internal Rhyme exists when the rhyming words are found within one line. b. Terminal Rhyme is when the rhyming words are found at the end of lines. c. Perfect Rhyme occurs when the final sounds of final words are identical. d. Approximate Rhyme exists when the final sounds of rhyming words are similar. e. Eye Rhyme occurs when the words have identical final letters which do not sound the same. f. Masculine Rhyme. Also known as single rhyme, it occurs when the rhyming words have one syllable each. g. Feminine Rhyme. Also called double rhyme, it happens when the rhyming words have two syllables each. h. Monorhyme exists when all the lines in the stanza have the same final sound. i. Dirime. Dirime happens when a stanza has two pairs or sets of rhyming words. j. Tririme. Tririme exists when a stanza has three pairs or sets of rhyming words.