CPAR Reviewer Module 1: Various Contemporary Art Forms in the Philippines PDF

**CPAR REVIEWER** **MODULE 1**; Various Contemporary Art Forms and their Practices from the various Regions. **Art-** plays a significant part in the rich cultural identity of the Philippines. - It mirrors the Filipino people, its history, its tradition, and the country as a whole. - Div...

**CPAR REVIEWER** **MODULE 1**; Various Contemporary Art Forms and their Practices from the various Regions. **Art-** plays a significant part in the rich cultural identity of the Philippines. - It mirrors the Filipino people, its history, its tradition, and the country as a whole. - Diverse art forms in the different parts of the archipelago, when integrated, will give a clear picture of what kind of country the Philippines is and what kind of people the Filipinos are. - These art forms developed from the early times continue to evolve up to the present. - From the ethnic tradition, it continues to progress to contemporary art tradition. **Visual Arts-** In the American period, education was introduced to the Philippines. There were Filipinos who studied abroad and influenced the art making in the country. These three artists went back and introduced the concept of modern art in the country; - **Juan Arellano** - **Diosdado Lorenzo** - **Victorio Edades** **Literature-** In the field of poetry during the contemporary period, publication of young poets to campus journals emerged. **Music-** During the early American period, the music of the country was mostly classical due to the influence of the European. This kind of music continued flourishing until the 1950's. It was in the 1960s that avant-garde music emerged. The Philippine music at the time evolved into a combination of classical and traditional or ethnic music. **Dance-** During the first years of the American period, vaudeville or bodabil dancing became popular. Bodabil is a kind of stage show introduced by the American Dances like buck-and-wing, tap dancing, clog, skirt dancing were among the dances being performed in the show. **Architecture-** In the American Colonial and Contemporary Period, the Philippine architecture adopted the modern Western architectural style while taking into consideration the physical and socio-cultural situation of the country. - The Philippine architecture was characterized as simple, rational, and functional, and; the Film industry in the Philippines started in 1897 through the initiatives of foreign businessmen. - Swiss entrepreneurs were the first to feature film shows in Manila. **The Film-** became popular in 1912 when foreigner Edward Gross and Harry Brown produced the film about the life of Dr. Jose Rizal. This started **filmmaking** in the country and each art forms have significant developments in the contemporary period. The artists thirst for innovation, the social, economic, and political environment, and the emerging new technologies are among the factors arts in that influenced the development of these contemporary art forms. Various Contemporary Art forms and their Practices from the various Regions - **Visual arts** are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts, and architecture. Many artistic disciplines such as ***performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts*** also involve aspects of visual arts as well as arts of other types. - **Sculpture** as defined and as ***practiced in the Philippine Contemporary arts*** made use of different materials like the variety of woods, metals, and stones. Some produced creative works using plastics, jade, brass, and other materials. - **Painting** is the practice of applying pigment suspended in a carrier (or medium) and a binding agent (a glue) to a surface (support) such as paper, canvass, or wall. -Painting is also used to express spiritual motifs and ideas; sites of this kind of painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery to The Sistine Chapel and to the human body itself." A **mural** is any piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling or other permanent surfaces. A distinguishing characteristic of mural painting is that the architectural elements of the given space are harmoniously incorporated into the picture." **The Decorative arts** are arts or crafts whose object is the design and manufacture of objects that are both beautiful and functional. It includes interior design, but not usually architecture. - **Cloth weaving** - One of the most valuable living traditions that are still preserved until this day is the cloth weaving. Beginning in the pre-colonial era, the art of cloth weaving, particularly of the Cordillera tribes in the North, still lives notwithstanding the threat of the more practical production of fabrics today. The natives practice blackstrap loom to create blankets and pieces of clothing. - **Jewelry making** is another demonstration of the skilled craftsmanship of Filipinos that dates back during the pre- colonial period. - The Philippine **architecture** adopted the modern western architectural style while taking into consideration of the physical and socio-cultural situation of the country. The Philippine architecture was characterized as simple, rational, and functional in the early 20th century of the young Filipinos who studied in American universities and institutes were back to the country and brought changes in the Philippine architecture. Among them were: Juan Arellano, Carlos Barreto, and Antonio Toledo. And one of the structures built during this period was the **Metropolitan Theater**. - **Literature** is any body or collection of written work. More restrictively, literature refers to writing considered to be an art form or any single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value, and sometimes deploys language in ways that differ from ordinary usage*. Literature in the contemporary period has oscillated between personal expression and social commentary. In vernacular poetry, the two tendencies can be seen at work.* - **Spoken word** is a poetic performance art that is word-based. It is an oral art that focuses on the aesthetics of word play such as intonation and voice inflection. - During the early American period, **the music of the country** is mostly classical due to the influence of the European. It was in the 1960 that avant-garde music emerged into a combination of classical, traditional or ethnic music. As time goes by the introduction of radio, film, and other entertainment technology. - **Theatre or theater** is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, typically actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. **VISUAL ARTS** **THE HIGANTES OF ANGONO** by: *Mailah Balde.* The **"Higantes"** is a sculpture made of *paper-mache.* This paper-mache, in our native town in Paete, Laguna calls it "taka." The "Higantes" measures four to five feet in diameter and ten to twelve feet in height. The "Higantes" represents "mag-anak" (family) in the Filipino culture; a father, a mother, and the children. The "**Higantes"** is one of the **main attraction in the annual festival** in Angono, Rizal in honor of St. Clement, patron saint of the fisher folks held every 23rd of November. This art form may have started during the Spanish colonial time, but, the love of family among Filipinos have made this art form a part of the Filipino tradition and a distinct Philippine contemporary arts. **SCULPTURE** **THE MANUNGGUL** **Jar.** It is a secondary burial jar excavated from a Neolithic burial site in Tabon Caves at Lipuun Point in Palawan. - The Manunggul Jar is widely acknowledged to be ***one of the finest Philippine pre-colonial artworks*** ever produced and is considered a masterpiece of Philippine ceramics. - The two prominent figures at the top handle of its cover represent the journey of the soul to the afterlife. - It is ***made from clay with some sand soil.*** Pottery stands among one of the most ancient arts in the Philippines. **THE BOHOL BLOOD COMPACT** sculpture was made by the **National Artist, Napoleon Abueva, a Boholano himself.** - This Sikatuna-Legaspi blood compact is considered as the First Treaty of Friendship between two different races, religions, cultures and civilizations. - It was a treaty of friendship based on respect and equality. This event is commonly known as "Sandugo". Today, - tourists can reach and view Bohol Blood Compact site in Barangay Bool, Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines. - This particular site was made in honor of a very important event in the Philippine history done between Miguel Lopez de Legazpi of Spain and Rajah Sikatuna of Bohol. **PAINTING** **CLOTH WEAVING** **JEWELRY MAKNG** - Amado V. Hernandez introduced another form of poetry inserting national consciousness to bagay poetry through his work "Ang Bayang Malaya." The poem "Ang Bayang Malaya" is a long narrative piece about a peasant leader. Oppression and fighting for human rights are the main themes of this piece. In the succeeding poems developed by Filipino poets, the influence of Amado V. Hernandez was evident. Social protest and social realism became the theme of the poems. Protest poetry proliferated. - In the 21st century, a modern poetry from unknown writers use tagalog language and become popular in the social media, it is called "spoken word poetry." Another presentational style of stage plays highlights discussion of social ideas since realistic portrayal is prohibited during the Marcos regime. This style made use of dance, song, and mime to summon the ideas from the audience. An example of this is the "Theater of the Oppression" by Augusto Boal. The documentary style followed which tend to discuss historical events "Mayo-A-Beinte Uno" of Al Santos. Philippine dance has played a tremendous role in Filipino culture. From one of the oldest dated dances called the Tinikling, to other folkloric dances such as the Pandanggo, Cariñosa, and Subli, and even to more modern-day dances like the ballet, it is no doubt that dance in the Philippine setting has integrated itself in society over the course of many years and is significantly imbedded in culture. Each of these dances originated in a unique way and serve a certain purpose, showcasing how diverse Philippine dances are. CPAR Module 2: Various Art forms found in the Philippines **Art** plays a significant part in the rich cultural identity of the Philippines. It mirrors the Filipino people, its history, its tradition, and the country as a whole. Diverse art forms in the different parts of the archipelago, when integrated, will give a clear picture of what kind of country the Philippines is and what kind of people the Filipinos are. These art forms developed from the early times continue to evolve up to the present. From the ethnic tradition, it continues to progress to contemporary art tradition. **There are three traditions in the development of Philippines art:** - Ethnic Tradition - Spanish Colonial Tradition - American Colonial and Contemporary Traditions **Ethnic Tradition**- the location and the experiences of the Filipinos were the major factors in art production. **Spanish Colonial Tradition**- religion and secularization were the dominant themes of the arts forms. **American Colonial and Contemporary Traditions**.- modernism entered the field of art wherein Filipinos started to explore different materials, methodologies, and techniques in expressing themselves through non- conventional art. The continuous progress of modernism led to the development of contemporary arts. **Various Art forms found in the Philippines** **Contemporary art**- refers to the recent and current practice of art ranging from the 1970s up to the present. It mirrors the society and culture of the present times. It uses a combination of different methods, materials, and ideas that transcend the traditional way of art making. All Philippine art forms had a different twist as the American way of life became a part of lives of the Filipinos. The art forms and art practices in the country broadened. Artists experimented with different materials and methodologies and produced non-conventional artworks with a wide-range of themes The Tarlaqueños are encouraged to make Belens from indigenous and recyclable materials that are native only to Tarlac. This depiction of the Christmas Nativity is best viewed at night when it is bathed in the full glow of colorful Christmas LED lights. The Belenismo event has made Tarlac the Belen Capital of the Philippines. **Rice Fields of Nueva Ecija** **Agriculture** is the primary industry in the province, of which it became the Food Bowl and Rice Granary of Central Luzon. The primary agricultural products are rice, corn, onion, garlic, melon, and mango. Its agricultural production covers an area of about 298, 742 hectares of fertile lands that are nourished by the Great Pampanga Rivers and its many auxiliaries. The slipper industry is also a growing business in the community level in Gapan City. The home-based industries of slipper producers turned into a cooperative venture of the whole community to promote and market Novo Ecijano made sandals and slippers. **Giant Lantern of Pampanga** **Beach of Aurora** - Among the tourist spots in Aurora, the historical landmark indicating the birthplace of the late President Manuel L. Quezon is considered one of the most prominent. - The **historic Catholic Church of Baler** is remembered as the last pocket of resistance of the Spanish Armed forces to surrender to the American Troops. An account of the battle for the control of the church is marked on the metallic tablet on the wall of the church. - Another potential tourist attraction is Ermita in Sitio Cemento. According to historical accounts, Ermita was built through the initiative of Fray Jose de Esperagoza during the height of Muslim invasion of the place in the 18th century which serves as the inhabitants' refuge, both for security and religious activity. **Mango Festival of Zambales** Mango Festival is home to some of the sweetest, juiciest most succulent mangos you will ever see in the Philippines. The festival is held in Iba, Zambales. - One of the highlights of the Mango Festival is the mango **eating challenge** where participants compete to see who can eat the most mangos within a predetermined period of time. And of course, it would not be a proper Filipino festival without **a street parade featuring locals** in colorful, mango-inspired costumes! - Hundreds of them flock to the streets, swaying to the sounds of music in all sorts of regalia, making the joy palpable in the air. - Other popular highlights that you should look forward to include the **Trade Fair, the Variety Show as well as the mangothemed street parades.** - There's also a street dancing competition, which is a staple event in pretty much any festival held in this country. And, just like with all the other Filipino festivals, there's an extravagant float parade featuring floats inspired by the delicious fruit. - The **Dinamulag Festival** lasts for at least 4-5 days, and there's a plethora of different events to enjoy. Sports competitions are particularly popular in the Philippines, so it's no surprise that a Fun Run is part of this festival. You can also play some beach volleyball, partake in a sand sculpting competition or the cookfest. And if you'd prefer to stay on the sidelines and observe, definitely attend the pet show and the car show! - As is the case with plenty of festivals in the Philippines, its last day is marked by **a coronation ceremony,** where the winners of all the previous competitions are announced. After that, the festival is closed off with a spectacular fireworks display, which you definitely don't want to miss if you're lucky enough to actually attend this festival. **The Making of Pastillas de Leche wrapper of Bulacan** The art of making the pabalat or pastillas wrappers has transformed in recent years from being a local, folk tradition into a popular art. Besides adding flair to the sweet pastillas de leche made from fresh carabaos milk, the pabalat has also become a compelling icon/symbol of the people's creativity, not only of the town of San Miguel but the entire province of Bulacan. - Bulacan fiestas are not complete without the elaborate papercut designs often used as decoration, table centerpiece, and souvenirs. The pastillas wrapped in pabalat have also become popular gifts during birthdays, weddings, and other occasions and pasalubong among local tourists and balikbayans. - On May 5-7, 2006, the town of San Miguel celebrated the first-ever \"**Pastillas Festival\"** to underscore the importance of the pastillas in the lives of its people. - According to Mayor Edmundo Jose Buencamino, the pastillas have been a source of **pride and a unifying** symbol for the people here. - The word pabalat has two levels of meaning. On a literal note, it pertains to the **pabalat as a product (paper cut-outs).** On a metaphorical level, it connotes the state of the art practice (meaning: it's not only a wounded tradition but it's actually a dying one). The art is not only a cultural product or an artistic expression but also cuts through some cultural, social, even political discourses and issues. - **Pabalat is also a folk art or in Filipino term, siningbayan**. It is a folk art because it originated among the townsfolk reflecting their traditional culture. The art practice has also been passed from generation to generation and its creative elements and aesthetic values mirror the people's everyday life. Another important aspect of this folk tradition is that the makers of these intricate paper patterns do not see themselves as artists and do not consider their works as arts. Taking a quote from Dr. Brenda Fajardo in her book Ang Inukit na Kaalamang Bayan ng Paete. **Mt. Samat of Bataan** The Mount Samat National Shrine or Shrine of Valor is a historical shrine located near the summit of Mount Samat in the town of Pilar, Province of Bataan, Philippines. The memorial shrine complex was built to honor and remember the gallantry of Filipino and American soldiers who fought during World War II. Consisting of a colonnade and the large Memorial Cross. - The **Memorial Cross stands as remembrance to the soldiers who fought and lost their lives in the Battle of Bataan**. The shrine complex also includes a war museum with a wide collections from painting of the Philippine heroes, to armament used by the Filipino, Americans and Japanese forces during the war. In the center of the colonnade is the altar and the 3 religious stained glass murals. Four large bronze chandeliers hang from the ceiling, while inscribed in marble on the 2 lateral walls is a narrative of the \"Battle of Bataan\". From the parking going up to colonnade there\'s a wide stairways, that leads to the flagpole that holds a flag of the Philippines, and the two bronze urns on the both sides that symbolizing the eternal flame. - The **peripheral is beautifully landscaped with beautiful plants and decorated with a World War II** military equipment\'s such as machine guns, canons and others both from American and Japanese troupes. Behind the colonnade is a 14 flight zigzag footpath that leads up to the base of Memorial Cross. While climbing up, you will notice the beauty of the place. - The **base of the Cross is designed with murals of the Filipino figures and events in a different colonial eras of the country**. The designed was so significant and historical. To go on top, there is an elevator at Php. 10.00 per person. During peak seasons, you must stand in line and wait for your turn. There are two wings of the cross that serve as viewing gallery. Two circular portholes at the edge side of the cross that also served for viewing. **CPAR Quarter 1 -- Module 3:** **Philippine Artists and their** **Contributions to Contemporary Arts** **Philippine Artists and their Contributions to Contemporary Arts** Introduction: - Many exceptional Filipino artists emerge as the arts in the country progresses. These artists aid in promoting arts in and out of the Philippines through their artworks and their contribution to their specific fields. The government recognizes their remarkable inputs in the development of Philippine Art. Through the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCAA) and the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP), it gives awards to these notable contemporary artists and the most prestigious recognition of them is the Order of the National Artist Award (Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining). - Furthermore, the NCAA does not only focus on the development of the modern and contemporary arts but also in the preservation of the traditional arts as well, being the foundation of art in the country. The government also gives recognition to the nation's finest traditional artists at present through the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan or the National Living Treasures Award. - In the succeeding pages of this module, Philippine artists, both modern/contemporary and traditional, who are recipients of the Order of the National Artists of the Philippines and the National Living Treasures Award will be highlighted. You will also learn the significant contributions of each artist in the enrichment and preservation of the Philippine Art. To distinguish modern/contemporary artists from traditional ones, it is very important to differentiate contemporary Philippine arts from traditional art. Contemporary Philippine arts from the regions refer to arts made and produced by Filipino artists coming from the different regios in the Philippines during the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The works reflect cultural diversity, technological advancement, and make use of a wide range of mediums. Modern/contemporary artists are the new breed of artists in the post-war era that needed to negotiate the actual aesthetic break-away from the established canon to the abstract, expressionist, symbolist, and other modes of creative expression characteristic of the art of the modern world. On the other hand, traditional art in the Philippines is an art that is part of the culture of a group of people, skills and knowledge of which are passed down through generations from master craftsmen to apprentices. It encompass folk architecture, maritime transport, weaving, carving, folk performing arts, folk (oral) literature, folk graphic and plastic arts, ornament, textile, or fiber art, pottery, and other artistic expressions of traditional culture. Order of National Artist The Republic of the Philippines, through the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP), established the Order of the National Artist Award or the Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining on April 27, 1972, under Proclamation No. 1001. This award seeks to give honor to the Filipino individuals with outstanding share in the cultural heritage and cultural identity of the country by means of their valuable efforts and contribution to Philippine arts specifically in the areas of Visual Arts, Dance, Music, Architecture Design and Allied Arts, Broadcast and Film, Theater, and Literature. **Notable Filipino Artists in the Field of Music** Antonino Buenaventura, together with Francisca Reyes Aquino, National Artist for Dance, researched on and popularized Philippine folk songs and dances in 1935. He wrote songs and musical arrangement based on the folk songs of different ethnic groups in the country. Included in his works are several marches and symphonic and orchestral music composition. His notable marches include History of Fantasy, Triumphal March, Echoes of the Past, Second Symphony in EFlat, Ode to Freedom, and Echoes from the Philippines while his known orchestral music composition include Prelude and Fugue in G Minor, Philippine Triumphant, Symphony in C Major, Mindanao Sketches, and Concert Overture. Some of the outstanding work that he wrote after undertaking field research are the following Minuet (1937), which borrowed largely from Igorot tunes for its thematic thrust, the popular Pandanggo sa Ilaw (1936), "Echoes from the Philippines," Varations and Fugere, Greetings, and many others. Buenaventura was also the conductor of the Philippine Army Band that brought back the band's prestige as one of the world's best military bands. With his lead, the Philippine Army Band was tagged as "the only band that can sound like a symphony orchestra.' Jose Maceda's life-long musical career focused on understanding and popularizing Filipino traditional music. He conducted researches and fieldworks on traditional music which resulted in his wide array of recorded music from different parts of the country. His papers led to the understanding and appreciation of the ethnic and traditional music of the Philippines, locally and internationally. Apart from conducting researches, he also wrote some compositions inspired by traditional music. Maceda's compositions, usually performed as a communal ritual, like Ugma-ugma (1963), and Udlot-udlot (1975) are monuments to his unflagging commitment to Philippine music. Other major works include Agungan, Kubling, Pagsamba, Ading, Siasid, Suling-suling. Lucrecia R. Kasilag reinforces the Filipino's appreciation to music by fusing Western influences to Philippine ethnic music. She integrated ethnic instruments in her orchestral productions like "Toccata for Percussions and Winds, Divertisements and Concertante," Filiasiana, De Profundis, and Misang Pilipino. Her other works include Legend of the Sarimanok, Philippine Scenes, Her Son, Ang Pamana, Jose, Sisa, Awit ng mga Awit Psalms, Fantasie on a 4-Note Theme, and East Meets Jazz Ethnika. Also, Kasilag was the music director of the Bayanihan Dance Company. Together with other artists, she made the group one of the finest cultural dance groups in the Philippines. **FRANCISCO FELICIANO** **National Artist for Music (2014)** **(February 19, 1941 -- September 19, 2014)** Francisco Feliciano's corpus of creative work attests to the exceptional talent of the Filipino as an artist. His lifetime conscientiousness in bringing out the "Asianness" in his music, whether as a composer, conductor, or educator, contributed to bringing the awareness of people all over the world to view the Asian culture as a rich source of inspiration and a celebration of our ethnicity, particularly the Philippines. He brought out the unique sounds of our indigenous