CPAR Module 3 - Hispanic Art.pdf

ART FORMS IN THE PHILIPPINES DURING THE SPANISH COLONIZATION Background When the Spaniards occupied and established the city of Cebu and later occupied the fort of Soliman in Manila, the wooden palisades and pre-colonial constructions were replaced and shaped into Spanish cities and fortif...

ART FORMS IN THE PHILIPPINES DURING THE SPANISH COLONIZATION Background When the Spaniards occupied and established the city of Cebu and later occupied the fort of Soliman in Manila, the wooden palisades and pre-colonial constructions were replaced and shaped into Spanish cities and fortifications. Background The early years of occupation was characterized by wooden settlements and churches to promote the indoctrination of the natives to their new master and religion but these easily gave in to fire set by the uprising and rebellion of the natives, the Chinese Cooleys and the marauding Moros. Background The Spaniards looked for more fireproof materials to replace wood and discovered “adobe” or volcanic stuff that was quarried in San Pedro, Makati. Thus in 1580’s most of the constructions were made from adobe including dwellings, churches, and fortifications. Fr. Antonio Sedeño, SJ is a priest and engineer. He trained the natives in the art of building and stones before the Spaniards commissioned Chinese architects and laborers to do the job. Churches The churches’ whole architectural design and construction is based on the principle of formulation of reducciones, where scattered population of the natives were brought together in compact communities in the most favorable areas in an encomienda Churches The church became the center of town as well as the adjoining plaza which were usually made of adobe or bricks and sometimes a combination of both. Later, the churches succumbed to nature disasters like earthquakes and thus, the stone churches were provided with buttresses that came in different forms. Most famous of this Paoay church in Ilocos. Churches Paoay Church in Vigan/ Ilocos with Grand Bell Tower  Bahay na Bato Bahay na bato is perhaps aside from the baroque churches and structures the most significant imprint of Spanish colonial architecture is the “bahay na bato”. It is the product of the economic and social development in the colony due to expansion of commerce and galleon trade which give rise to a new breed of Ilustrados and Principales. The new upper class’s life style and aspirations demanded a new type of dwelling that suits their status and position, which was more noble and elegant and at the same time spacious, comfortable and in style. Bahay na bato 1. A house with wooden legs and a stone skirt; 2. The multi-roomed living quarters are on the 2ⁿᵈ floor and reached through and interior stairways; 3. The “Zaguan”, with its naked stone work, is a grim entrance hall but, with its abundant space. Bahay na bato Bahay na bato ANGELA MANALANG GLORIA architects Luciano Oliver - A Spaniard who designed Taal church, the Malabon church, and the most significant work in the Manila Cathedral in1872 Luciano Oliver Luciano Oliver Luciano Oliver Luciano Oliver Luciano Oliver Luciano Oliver Felix Rojas Sr. is considered as the 1ˢᵗ Filipino architect who is popular for his revivalist style. His works included the neo-gothic Santo Domingo church and the neo-classic San Ignacio Church which are both located in Intramuros. He also designed numerous elegant “Bahay na Bato” houses for the upper class of Maynila Santo domingo church, intramuros manila Santo domingo church, intramuros manila San Ignacio church, intramuros SAN IGNACIO CHURCH, INTRAMUROS Juan Hervas designed the Tutuban Railroad Station, the Monte de Piedad building, the Old Assumption Covenant on Herran St. and also a number of “Bahay na Bato” Tutuban Railroad Station Monte de Piedad Old Assumption Covenant Arciado Arellano is a master builder gained the confidence of Gov. William Howard Taft and became general’s architectural adviser in 1901. He also worked on the houses of Hidalgo family and the Bautista-Nakpil in Quiapo. escolta Genardo Pelacios designed the Gothic and prefabricated all-steel San Sebastian Church in the 1880s. San Sebastian Church San Sebastian Church San Sebastian Church Did you know? To carry out the project of colonization and Christianization, the natives were forcibly resettled in towns structured according to the plaza complex. In keeping with the prevailing design if Hispanic churches, the baroque style was predominantly employed; they were characterized by grandeur, drama, and elaborate details that purposely appealed to the emotions. In colonial churches, santos are displayed in a decorative altar niche called the retablo. Baroque style Retablo and santos Did you know? Spaniards brought western musical instruments like the pipe organ, the violin, the guitar, and the piano. Catholic liturgical music was introduced in 1742 when the then Archbishop of Manila, Juan Rodirguez Angel, established a singing school at the Manila Cathedral that taught western church music. Biblical narration of Christ’s passion chanted in an improvised melody is called pasyon or pabasa. Pipe organ Pasyon or pabasa Pasyon or pabasa Pasyon or pabasa Did you know? Kundiman and balitao are sentimental love song and lullabies that were also prominent during the occupation. Bayan Ko is a kundiman which experienced renewed popularity during the EDSA People Power Revolution of 1986. Shamanistic rituals, dances, and chants of pre-colonial Philippines which were probably the earliest forms of theater: were replaced by the pomp and pageantry of religious processions. Semana santa Semana santa Semana santa Did you know? The zarzuela or sarsuwela was an operatta which features singing and dancing interspersed with prose dialogue which allowed the story to be carried out it a song. Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan, who wrote sarsuwelas in Tagalog were the most distinguished playwrights of their day with Honorata ‘Atat’ dela Rama. The komedya depicts the conflict between the Muslims and Christians. There were two main types of the komedya. One type was the komedya de santo or religious komedya. The second type is the secular komedya. The moro- moro is a type of secular komedya. zarzuela zarzuela Moro moro Did you know? Folk dances such as the cariñosa, pandanggo or fandango, polka, dansa and the rigodon carry traces if the habanera, jota, and tango dances from Spain and its colonies. Heaven, Earth, and Hell (1850), a mural by Jose Dans in Paete Church, Laguna. A map of the universe features a terrifying depiction of hell. Image making during the period generally conformed to the preferences of the patrons and not just solely the interest and preference if the artist’s. cariñosa Pandanggo sa ilaw Did you know? Such relations are at work is the Basi Revolt, a series of 14 paintings by Esteban Villanueva. It chronicles the defeat of Ilocanos who rebelled against the Spanish government's monopoly of basi or rice wine in 1821. Doctrina Christiana (The Teachings’s of Christianity) was printed in 1593 using xylography or woodcut. Printed in Spanish and in Tagalog by Dominican priests. Doctrina is the first printed book in the Philippines compiling song lyrics, commandments, scaraments, and other catechetical material. Basi wine Doctrina christiana Doctrina christiana Doctrina christiana Did you know? In 1734, the Hesuit priest Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde collaborated with homegrown talents, the artist Francisco Suarez and the engraver Nicola de la Cruz Bagay to produde Carta Hydrograpica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas, the first scientific map of the Philippines. The Augustinian botanist Fr. Manuel Blanco produced an extensive compilation of Philippine plants in Flora de Filipinas in 1878. In 1884, the expateriates Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo won medals in the Madrid Exposition. Luna won gold for Spolarium; while Hidalgo garnered a silver medal for Virgenes Christianas Expuestas Al Populacho. Carta Hydrograpica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas Carta Hydrograpica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas Flora de Filipinas Flora de Filipinas Did you know? Luna’s alignment with the Ilustrados’ Propaganda Movement is evident in the painting España y Filipinas, 1886 featuring two women ascending a flight of stairs. Virgenes Christianas Expuestas Al Populacho The Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace SPOLIARIUM