Art Forms in the Philippines During Spanish Colonization
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Questions and Answers

Who is considered the 1st Filipino architect known for his revivalist style?

  • Genardo Pelacios
  • Juan Hervas
  • Luciano Oliver
  • Felix Rojas Sr. (correct)

    • Which architectural style is predominantly used in colonial churches?

  • Modernist
  • Baroque (correct)
  • Neo-Classical
  • Gothic

    • What is the name of the decorative altar niche in colonial churches?

  • Retablo (correct)
  • Bahay na Bato
  • Gothic arch
  • Sanctuary

    • Which church did Luciano Oliver design that is the most significant work in the Manila Cathedral in 1872?

    <p>Taal Church</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who designed the San Sebastian Church in the 1880s?

    <p>Genardo Pelacios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of buildings did Juan Hervas design besides churches?

    <p>Railway stations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Arciado Arellano have in relation to Gov. William Howard Taft?

    <p>General's architectural advisor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the western musical instruments introduced to the Philippines in 1742?

    <p>Violin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the biblical narration of Christ’s passion chanted in an improvised melody?

    <p>Pasyon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the zarzuela?

    <p>An operetta featuring singing, dancing, and prose dialogue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one type of komedya that depicts a conflict between Muslims and Christians?

    <p>Komedya de Santo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material did the Spaniards turn to for construction after recognizing the flammability of wood?

    <p>Adobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a form of folk dance that has Spanish influences?

    <p>Pandanggo sa Ilaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What architectural principle guided the construction of churches during Spanish colonization?

    <p>Formulation of reducciones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were two distinguished playwrights known for writing sarsuwelas in Tagalog?

    <p>Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Bahay na Bato in the context of Spanish colonial architecture?

    <p>It symbolized the aspirations of the emerging upper class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Basi Revolt chronicles the defeat of Ilocanos rebelling against what?

    <p>Monopoly of rice wine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the churches built during the Spanish colonization is false?

    <p>They were exclusively built using stone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was significant about the 'Doctrina Christiana' printed in 1593?

    <p>It was the first printed book compiling various catechetical materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common purpose for constructing churches in Spanish colonial towns?

    <p>To indoctrinate the native population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'adobe' in the context of construction during the Spanish colonization?

    <p>A quarried volcanic substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these dances is NOT a folk dance mentioned in the content?

    <p>Tango</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disaster commonly affected the stone churches built during this period?

    <p>Earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the style and layout of towns influenced by during the Spanish colonization?

    <p>Spanish urban planning principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Spanish Colonial Architecture

    • Spanish colonization began with the establishment of Cebu and Manila, replacing wooden constructions with fortified cities.
    • Early structures focused on wooden materials, which were vulnerable to rebels and disaster, leading to a shift towards fireproof adobe in the late 1580s.
    • Fr. Antonio Sedeño, an engineer, trained locals in building with stone before Chinese architects took over.

    Churches

    • Churches served as the central community hub, made primarily from adobe or bricks, around which towns formed.
    • Notable churches, like the Paoay Church in Ilocos, exemplified the use of buttresses due to earthquake risks.

    Bahay na Bato

    • The bahay na bato symbolizes Spanish colonial architecture, emerging from economic growth and the rise of a new upper class (Ilustrados).
    • Architectural features include:
      • Wooden legs supporting a stone base.
      • Multi-roomed second floors accessible via interior stairs.
      • A large entrance hall called "Zaguan" emphasizing space.

    Key Architects

    • Luciano Oliver: Notable for designing Taal Church and the Manila Cathedral in 1872.
    • Felix Rojas Sr.: The first Filipino architect known for neo-Gothic and neo-classic designs, including the Santo Domingo Church.
    • Juan Hervas: Designed the Tutuban Railroad Station and several bahay na bato.
    • Arciado Arellano: Served as an architectural adviser and worked on elite residences.
    • Genardo Pelacios: Famous for San Sebastian Church, recognized as the first all-steel church in the Philippines.

    Baroque Influence

    • Predominant architectural style, characterized by grandeur and emotional appeal, used in church designs.
    • Churches featured retablos, ornamental altars highlighting religious figures.

    Musical Influence

    • Western musical instruments were introduced during colonization, with Catholic liturgical music established in 1742 at the Manila Cathedral.
    • Traditional forms like "pasyon" emerged, narrating Christ's passion through chant.

    Cultural Retention and Evolution

    • Traditional songs such as kundiman emerged, with Bayan Ko gaining prominence during the 1986 EDSA Revolution.
    • Religious processions replaced pre-colonial theatrical forms, emphasizing pagentry.

    Forms of Theater

    • Zarzuela: An operetta blending singing and dialogue, with prominent playwrights like Severino Reyes.
    • Komedya: A theatrical form depicting conflicts between Muslims and Christians, including religious ("komedya de santo") and secular types ("moro-moro").

    Folk Dances

    • Dances such as cariñosa and pandanggo reflect Spanish heritage, combined with local traditions.
    • Artistic expressions like murals (Heaven, Earth, and Hell) conformed to patrons' preferences.

    Early Printed Works

    • The Doctrina Christiana was the first printed book in the Philippines (1593), containing religious teachings and song lyrics.
    • The Basi Revolt is chronicled in Esteban Villanueva's paintings, depicting the tensions surrounding the monopoly on rice wine.

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    Description

    Explore the rich history of art forms in the Philippines during the Spanish colonization. This quiz delves into how architecture and cultural practices evolved from pre-colonial times to the influence of Spanish rule. Test your knowledge of this transformative period in Filipino history.

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