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Who is considered the 1st Filipino architect known for his revivalist style?
Which architectural style is predominantly used in colonial churches?
What is the name of the decorative altar niche in colonial churches?
Which church did Luciano Oliver design that is the most significant work in the Manila Cathedral in 1872?
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Who designed the San Sebastian Church in the 1880s?
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What type of buildings did Juan Hervas design besides churches?
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What role did Arciado Arellano have in relation to Gov. William Howard Taft?
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What is one of the western musical instruments introduced to the Philippines in 1742?
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What is the term for the biblical narration of Christ’s passion chanted in an improvised melody?
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Which of the following describes the zarzuela?
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What is one type of komedya that depicts a conflict between Muslims and Christians?
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What material did the Spaniards turn to for construction after recognizing the flammability of wood?
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Which of the following is a form of folk dance that has Spanish influences?
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What architectural principle guided the construction of churches during Spanish colonization?
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Who were two distinguished playwrights known for writing sarsuwelas in Tagalog?
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What is the significance of Bahay na Bato in the context of Spanish colonial architecture?
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The Basi Revolt chronicles the defeat of Ilocanos rebelling against what?
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Which of the following statements about the churches built during the Spanish colonization is false?
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What was significant about the 'Doctrina Christiana' printed in 1593?
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What was a common purpose for constructing churches in Spanish colonial towns?
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Which of the following best describes 'adobe' in the context of construction during the Spanish colonization?
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Which of these dances is NOT a folk dance mentioned in the content?
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What disaster commonly affected the stone churches built during this period?
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What was the style and layout of towns influenced by during the Spanish colonization?
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Study Notes
Spanish Colonial Architecture
- Spanish colonization began with the establishment of Cebu and Manila, replacing wooden constructions with fortified cities.
- Early structures focused on wooden materials, which were vulnerable to rebels and disaster, leading to a shift towards fireproof adobe in the late 1580s.
- Fr. Antonio Sedeño, an engineer, trained locals in building with stone before Chinese architects took over.
Churches
- Churches served as the central community hub, made primarily from adobe or bricks, around which towns formed.
- Notable churches, like the Paoay Church in Ilocos, exemplified the use of buttresses due to earthquake risks.
Bahay na Bato
- The bahay na bato symbolizes Spanish colonial architecture, emerging from economic growth and the rise of a new upper class (Ilustrados).
- Architectural features include:
- Wooden legs supporting a stone base.
- Multi-roomed second floors accessible via interior stairs.
- A large entrance hall called "Zaguan" emphasizing space.
Key Architects
- Luciano Oliver: Notable for designing Taal Church and the Manila Cathedral in 1872.
- Felix Rojas Sr.: The first Filipino architect known for neo-Gothic and neo-classic designs, including the Santo Domingo Church.
- Juan Hervas: Designed the Tutuban Railroad Station and several bahay na bato.
- Arciado Arellano: Served as an architectural adviser and worked on elite residences.
- Genardo Pelacios: Famous for San Sebastian Church, recognized as the first all-steel church in the Philippines.
Baroque Influence
- Predominant architectural style, characterized by grandeur and emotional appeal, used in church designs.
- Churches featured retablos, ornamental altars highlighting religious figures.
Musical Influence
- Western musical instruments were introduced during colonization, with Catholic liturgical music established in 1742 at the Manila Cathedral.
- Traditional forms like "pasyon" emerged, narrating Christ's passion through chant.
Cultural Retention and Evolution
- Traditional songs such as kundiman emerged, with Bayan Ko gaining prominence during the 1986 EDSA Revolution.
- Religious processions replaced pre-colonial theatrical forms, emphasizing pagentry.
Forms of Theater
- Zarzuela: An operetta blending singing and dialogue, with prominent playwrights like Severino Reyes.
- Komedya: A theatrical form depicting conflicts between Muslims and Christians, including religious ("komedya de santo") and secular types ("moro-moro").
Folk Dances
- Dances such as cariñosa and pandanggo reflect Spanish heritage, combined with local traditions.
- Artistic expressions like murals (Heaven, Earth, and Hell) conformed to patrons' preferences.
Early Printed Works
- The Doctrina Christiana was the first printed book in the Philippines (1593), containing religious teachings and song lyrics.
- The Basi Revolt is chronicled in Esteban Villanueva's paintings, depicting the tensions surrounding the monopoly on rice wine.
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Description
Explore the rich history of art forms in the Philippines during the Spanish colonization. This quiz delves into how architecture and cultural practices evolved from pre-colonial times to the influence of Spanish rule. Test your knowledge of this transformative period in Filipino history.
