Counselling PPT - Amity PDF

INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELLING  COUNSELLING? ◦ Counselling is a science and an art. ◦ It is a science because it applies techniques and procedures that are utilized in helping a person to understand their situations and employ the most adequate solutions for problem solving and life chan...

INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELLING  COUNSELLING? ◦ Counselling is a science and an art. ◦ It is a science because it applies techniques and procedures that are utilized in helping a person to understand their situations and employ the most adequate solutions for problem solving and life change ◦ It is an art because it allows the therapist to use unique or own personality and experiences in assisting the client. Introduction to Counselling ◦ Counseling denotes a professional relationship between a trained counsellor and a client…to understand and clarify their views of their life space…and through resolution of problems of and emotional or interpersonal nature (George, Cristiani ) ◦ Counseling refers to the application of mental health, psychological or human development principles, through cognitive, affective, behavioural or systematic intervention (Gladding ) ◦ Counselling attempts to provide encouragement and guidance for those who are facing losses, decisions, or disappointments…stimulate personality growth and development; help people cope more effectively with the problems of living, with inner conflict and with crippling emotions… (Collins 1988)  History of Counseling in India ◦ Counselling is not a novel institution in India. ◦ The first counsellor was Lord Krishna himself and the Bhagawad Gita embodies the finest principles of counselling for all lands, all ages and all times. ◦ The Gita or the song celestial explains how Arjuna, whose mind was in great conflict, was helped to overcome this conflict through an insight into him. ◦ Arjuna’s conflict was one of “mine and thine”, that is between Sva and Para. ◦ The conflict was solved through self-understanding or through self realisation. One has to act in accordance with his Swadharma. Man should act in accordance with the demands of his situation and his duties in life.  EVOLUTION OF COUNSELLING IN INDIA ◦ Self realisation understood in the context of Gita is not the same as what we understand by Rogerian or Existential sense. ◦ Man has to realise his inner nature, that is, his spirituality which reveals oneness with the ultimate. ◦ This helps to overcome the illusory difference between the Atma and the Parmatma. ◦ In the pursuit of the higher spirit, man is concerned with freedom, freedom to obtain self realisation. ◦ In modern times the word freedom is used in a different sense. Its connotation is limited to action, speech, religious faith as well as freedom to find its fullest expression of one’s potential. In this sense of the term, we are immediately concerned with material existence and the physical world. ◦ Indian society came to be much maligned by Varnashram dharma. ◦ There was no opportunity for social mobility. ◦ The Indian society became highly traditionalistic and conventional. EVOLUTION OF COUNSELLING IN INDIA ◦ The Vedic prayer lost its significance in the degeneration of the during the colonial period in India. ◦ Freedom and independence have been substituted with dependence The youth in India even today is dependent on adult members for such important decisions as the choice of residence, choice of a job and choice of a marital partner. ◦ The important sources of behaviour change namely industrialisation, urbanisation; mass media communication and the like have battered the traditional social conventions and institutions and have made several dents on them. ◦ Compared to 19th century Western society, contemporary Indian society is more radical and provides enormous choice of opportunities for individual choice of action. The kind of counseling assistance sought for and provided in the western world is not necessarily applicable to the Indian society.  ORIGIN OF COUNSELLING MOVEMENT IN INDIA ◦ Mysore University in south India that the first Chair in psychology was endowed. Perhaps less than a year or so before this, the Calcutta University started a department of psychology with a lecturer as the in charge Head of the Department. ◦ During the mid 1940’s Patna University, started a department of psychology, closely followed by one started at the Banaras Hindu University, the Lucknow University and the others. ◦ First in Calcutta and later in Bombay, voluntary private agencies came to be established to provide guidance on a modest scale. ◦ In Calcutta the guidance movement became associated with David Hare training college. ◦ Alongside this movement applied psychology came to be established as an independent department or section of the existing departments of psychology.  ORIGIN OF COUNSELLING MOVEMENT IN INDIA ◦ The applied psychology section of the Calcutta University was established in 1938 and the department of psychological services at Patna University in 1945. ◦ However, counselling psychology or its forerunner, vocational guidance did not figure as an important service at universities where psychology was offered. ◦ In Bombay, Batliboy and Mukherjee started, in 1941, a private agency known as Batliboy Vocational Guidance Bureau. ◦ The founders of this bureau who came from Calcutta had some years of experience since they worked at the Calcutta Bureau. ◦ The Batliboy bureau ran for 6 years, after which it stopped functioning. However during this period it rendered valuable service to the community. ◦ It successfully conducted for the first time, a short term orientation course in guidance for teachers. ◦ This was the forerunner of all the later training courses conducted for career masters at several places in India ◦ Counseling was recognised as an important service in India as early as 1938 when Acharya Narendra Dev committee underlined the importance of counseling and guidance in education.  COUNSELLING IN CURRENT TIME ◦ Counselling was also identified an essential service by the national framework curriculum in 2005 by the NCERT (National Council for Educational Research and Training). ◦ The strongest attention for counselling has arisen from the school sector. During its 2001 National conference, the CBSE resolved that it would be mandatory for all its schools to have trained school counsellors. ◦ Finally, the need for counselling in modern India manifests itself against the background of social change, the nature and pace of which are indeed unprecedented. ◦ A decade of economic reforms has pushed India towards becoming one of world’s fastest growing economies. ◦ The effect of rapid globalising of the world, is increasingly coming under the control of free market economy, has also arrived at the doorsteps of Indian counsellor.  COUNSELLING IN CURRENT TIME ◦ Economically empowered women for instance, no longer need to silently accept abuse and disregard. ◦ Age old values are being questioned. The belief that marriage is a lifetime commitment, for better or for worse is no longer unshakable as it was before. ◦ The marital discord is on the increase, as are divorce rates. The Indian middle class student is typically required to put in almost 16 hours of study a day to bear the competition and win a seat in the course leading to a degree in engineering or medicine. ◦ Counsellors are repeatedly presented with young people who are forced to choose careers that are popular and “in demand” but who soon discovered that their real interests and talents lay elsewhere. ◦ Increasing number of young workers show wavering motivation and want a career shift within the first year of working. ◦ Aggression and violence being fed by resentment are increasingly obtained in the Indian society. These are all complexities a counsellor practicing in India is seeing and facing these days.  TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH COUNSELLING GUIDANCE ◦ Is the process of helping people make important choices that affect their lives. PSYCHOTHERAPY ◦ Focuses on serious problems associated with intra-psychic, internal, personal issues/conflict PSYCHOLOGY ◦ The science that systematically studies behavior and experiences HELPING ◦ The service of assisting clients to manage their problems in living more effectively  TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH COUNSELLING MOTIVATION ◦ The ability to stimulate a person to operate or behave in a selected way INTERVENTION ◦ Operate as an agent between the client and their personal issue COACHING ◦ The systematic process of training and assimilation in order to confront issues MEDIATION ◦ An authoritative entity that determines how a dispute is settled or apportioned GUIDANCE VS COUNSELLING ◦ Guidance focuses on helping individuals choose what they value most. ◦ Counseling focuses on helping individuals make changes. PSYCHOTHERAPY VS COUNSELLING ◦ Psychotherapy focuses on causing change ◦ Counseling focuses on assisting the person to change ◦ They have different clients ◦ Psychotherapist – deals with neurosis (mental dysfunctions) ◦ Counsellor – deals with persons with poor coping and decision making skills. HELPING VS COUNSELLING ◦ Helping may bare the closes resemblance or comparison to counselling ◦ Helping is the process of assisting someone in an informal and non-technical/scientific manner ◦ Counselling provides a support system and provides technical/scientific skills ◦ Persons will seek help based on the competence of the person they seek out to help them ◦ Counselling is done by someone who is trained MOTIVATION VS COUNSELLING ◦ Motivation stimulates a person through external influence and reward ◦ Counselling focuses on empowering the person to effect life change ◦ INTERVENTION VS COUNSELLING ◦ Intervention is initiated by others ◦ Counselling is initiated by the person; even if there is external motivation ◦ Intervention uses external pressures to stimulate emotions to effect change ◦ Counselling uses personal/internal reflection and reasoning to effect change COACHING VS COUNSELLING ◦ Coaching provides premeditated or rehearsed action for future events ◦ Counselling addresses coping skills for present daily living ◦ Coaching is a form of education that assist in anticipating probable future circumstances ◦ Counselling educates persons in basis skills MOTIVE FOR COUNSELLING The actions of people are as a result of basic desires and needs. ◦ Basic Needs ◦ Love ◦ Acceptance/Belonging ◦ Companionship/Support ◦ Identity and Direction (who am I?) MOTIVE FOR COUNSELLING ◦ S.A.L.T. stands for stressed, angry, lonely, and tired/ threatened ◦ The effect of an issue/problem on a person’s life: ◦ View of Self ◦ Choices ◦ Response to situations MOTIVE FOR COUNSELLING ◦ View of Others ◦ Expectations ◦ Relationships ◦ Functioning ◦ Health THANKS