Correctional Institutions Concepts Systems Issues PDF

COURSE NAME: Correctional Institutions: Concepts, Systems and Issues COURSE CODE: CJUS1205 CREDITS: 3 CONTACT HOURS: 45 (45 hours theory) PRE-REQUISITE(S):...

COURSE NAME: Correctional Institutions: Concepts, Systems and Issues COURSE CODE: CJUS1205 CREDITS: 3 CONTACT HOURS: 45 (45 hours theory) PRE-REQUISITE(S): None CO-REQUISITE(S): None SEMESTER: COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is a study of penology - the branch of knowledge that studies the theory and practice of prison management and criminal rehabilitation in a sociological context. It will examine the historical developments that have led to the adoption of current practices in correctional institutions. The course will include an in-depth study of the various theoretical and practical approaches to punishment and rehabilitation. In addition, it will examine the major critical issues in corrections which have helped shape the landscape of corrections from 1980 to the present. This includes a discussion of current treatment modalities, inmate subcultures, prison management, prisoner constitutional rights, sentencing trends, and correctional career opportunities. Moreover, this course will explore the use of alternatives- to-incarceration, which are ubiquitous in modern corrections and discuss at-length the latest trends in prisoner re-entry. COURSE OUTCOMES: At the end of this course, you will be able to: 1. understand the various philosophies of punishment, sentencing, and rehabilitation as they relate to the goals of corrections and society. 2. analyze the various structural components within the criminal justice system. 3. evaluate treatment models. 4. appraise approaches to incarceration and alternatives to incarceration 5. assess the operational and confinement issues of correctional institutions 6. research prisoner re-entry and its issues and impacts on both society and the offender UNIT I – Introduction (8 hours) Learner Outcomes: At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. use terminologies associated with correctional institutions 2. outline the evolution of correctional institutions 3. identify the components of criminal justice system and their relationships to correctional institutions 4. give an overview of the functions of the police, prosecution, defence, prison and probation system and personnel 5. identify career opportunities available in correctional institutions 6. compare and contrast the correctional systems in the UK, Caribbean and USA. 7. assess the roles of the media and information communication technologies on the administration of correctional institutions in your country Content: 1. Terminologies: jail, prison, correctional institutions, probation, parole, re-entry, inmates, community service order, rehabilitation, Department of Correctional Services, restorative justice, etc 2. History, purpose and characteristics of Correctional institutions from 1800 - present 3. Components of criminal justice system in relation to correctional institution: a. Local police department b. Court trial – entry into legal system c. Court case – case brought before a judge d. Trial with Grand Jury e. Decision and punishment 4. functions of the police, prosecution, defence, prison and probation system and personnel 5. career opportunities and qualifications in correctional institutions 6. Correctional systems in the Caribbean, USA and UK a. In UK in 18th century de-masted ships used for holding prisoners incarceration became the norm in the 19th century b. In USA, first American jail built in James city VA, Auburn system 1816 c. modern correctional institutions: USA, UK and the Caribbean 7. Roles of media and ICT in Correctional Institutions: for example, exposure to depictions of violence in media, use of technology to monitor offenders etc. Suggested activity: Observation Report – visit one of the institutions involved in the correctional system: Police station, court in session or a juvenile/women correctional institution and type a two page report on your observation and experience clearly indicating the location, date, name of institution, your impressions, and description of the various activities observed. UNIT II –Philosophies of Punishment and Sentencing (6 hours) Learner Outcomes: At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. explain the concepts of ‘punishment’ ‘reinforcement’ and ‘rehabilitation’ 2. examine the goals of punishment and sentencing 3. assess the theories of punishment 4. research two (2) philosophies of punishment and rehabilitation used in your country’s correctional institutions Content: 1. The concept of ‘punishment’ a. Positive, negative reinforcement and punishment b. Principles of revenge and retribution c. “an eye for an eye” d. Classical retributive principle – ‘lex talionis’ e. Incarceration/penal bondage 2. The goals of punishment a. Retribution b. Incapacitation c. Rehabilitation d. Deterrence – general and specific e. Restorative justice 3. Theories of punishment a. Deterrent Theory b. Retributive Theory c. Reformative Theory d. Expiatory Theory e. Preventive Theory 4. Research: in groups of three (3) persons UNIT III – Sentencing ( 8 hours) Learner Outcomes: At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. explain the purpose of sentencing 2. describe factors that affect a ‘fair’ sentence 3. assess how various sentencing models influence a sentence 4. research the main sentencing model used in your country’s criminal justice system 5. examine the ethical issues in sentencing dealing with mental illness and the death penalty Content: 1. purpose of sentencing: deterrence; incapacitations; retribution; rehabilitations and restorative justice  2. Factors influencing a fair sentence: The law; judge; prosecutor; the defense attorney and investigator 3. Sentencing models: Indeterminate; determinate; mandatory; habitual offenders and presumptive 4. Sentencing model used in country (Research) 5. Ethical issues in sentencing: death penalty and mental illness etc. UNIT IV – Components and Prisoner Categories in the Correctional System (8 hours) Learner Outcomes: At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. describe the department of correctional services in Jamaica 2. identify the various categories of prisoners 3. describe the separation categories of prisoners Content: 1. The Department of Correctional Services a. Adult Correctional Centres b. Adult Remand Centre c. Juvenile Centres d. Community Service Offices (probation offices) 2. Categories of prisoners a. Very High security – high threat to public and national security b. High security – low potential to escape c. Medium security – cannot be trusted in open condition d. Low security – can be trusted in open conditions 3. Separation categories a. Men and women b. Juveniles c. untried prisoners d. convicted prisoners e. civil offence prisoners f. criminal offence prisoners 6. Prisoner Category System in the USA and UK Suggested Activity: research online the prisoner category systems used in the USA and UK correctional systems and write a 500-word report on their similarities and differences. UNIT V – Rehabilitation and Treatment (6 hours) Learner Outcomes: At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. explain the concept of prisoner rehabilitation and treatment 2. describe two approaches of prisoner rehabilitation 3. examine the use of traditional incarceration, probation and parole systems and their impacts on offenders’ rehabilitation 4. explain the concept of ‘re-entry’ by ex-offenders 5. research the use of alternatives to incarceration in the criminal justice system 6. giver reasons for ex-offenders re-entry programmes and alternatives to incarceration programmes Content: 1. Prisoner rehabilitation and treatment 2. Approaches of prisoner rehabilitation a. Risk needs approaches b. Good lives approach 3. Use of incarceration, probation and parole systems and impacts on offenders rehabilitation 4. Re-entry concept 5. Alternatives to incarceration 6. Re-entry and alternatives-to-incarceration programmes UNIT V – Rights of the Prisoner (7 hours) Learner Outcomes: At the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. examine the rights of the prisoner 2. explain the importance of honouring the rights of prisoners Content: 1. Rights of the prisoner a. Accommodation and overcrowding b. Sanitary installation c. Bathing and shower installations d. Personal hygiene e. Clothing and bedding f. Food g. Exercise and sport h. Medical services i. Discipline, punishment and maintenance of order j. Contact with outside world k. Access to books/education 2. Honouring the rights of the prisoner  a. Charter of rights and human rights METHODS OF DELIVERY: 1. Lectures 11. Debates 2. Class discussions 12. Problems Solving 3. Guest lecturers 13. Role Play 4. Individual Presentations 14. Simulation 5. Research 15. Observation 6. Group presentation 7. Projects 8. YouTube Videos Presentation 9. Case Studies and Analysis 10. Demonstration METHODS OF ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION: Courseworks: a. In Class Test 10% b. Case Study and Analysis 10% c. Research Presentation 20% Final Examination: (two hours) 60% a. Case Study Analysis b. four essay type questions (choose any two (2) questions) RESOURCE MATERIAL: Prescribed: Alarid, L.F. and Reichel, P.L. (latest edition). Corrections. Prentice Hall, NJ: USA Seifer, R.P. (latest edition). Corrections: An Introduction (4th ed.) Pearson Education, NJ: USA Recommended: Clear T. R; Cole, G.F., Reisig M.D. (2014). American Corrections in Brief (2nd ed.). Cenage Learning, CT: USA Websites: www.ebscohost.com http://corrections.com American Correctional Associations – http://www.aca.org/ The Department of Correctional Services- http://www.dcs.gov.jm/