Core-1, Unit-4 PDF

Cmi4 Pocrct- (CHROPH/TA)) A Sstemalfc posiAton Divisin Chourtophyie cloub Charre phy ceae Ortder Charale Comi CharoCeoe chouro eneRchournaukeric4fee Chorra repreens a deNelo pe hou...

Cmi4 Pocrct- (CHROPH/TA)) A Sstemalfc posiAton Divisin Chourtophyie cloub Charre phy ceae Ortder Charale Comi CharoCeoe chouro eneRchournaukeric4fee Chorra repreens a deNelo pe houlug oron zafiom Themem berg a r el. knoun a Stone toorts. The ane tound molftyn frah ooderr bolYe cof Sandy ort modol_oottem.ocorren e o Spees n brotkis, cocter hot Spins, rennino e0sderc bod ies over limë SBene aro al8o orcasirall founsl. p l a n t body yan etaborole marroScopie strructre vitible to naueol eyp oanol Can rauelh upio 30cm or.morefo leng4 plont body y a coet0 d5eron) 4ioteo Strycte coft well deveioped Sex ortaon ligtîn ct nodes, nernedeg', leau. 7 T u e t P obranch ana fomd - bronthe enlimideal t ano bsence o iteoqseo giviny ke plont an eniespermic plant Took, Ceus are vene lange, ninucleate and c0o arne Cat Ci fieol 7 Sexvo taproauction y an od vaneed 0oqo and fetpie y p l on+R type heever asexyaR Sporo are notfotoo. Choure Merehelx ructre o ronbd hfch fA is alakeoto e boHem 7Plont boag crniaing molticonu lor z o fd3 ba tu o derr eonly THhalug hay a lro, Slenoder , opruiep broncheo moinaxis cai distint Serue inlerznodles. o outorinafin nod.eg ano lüna The noday moode up oy dotler o SeNrerrol, &rmoul 3odame ric ( e s. There are two tentoa cUs Srrtomd aoby b-20periphesol celly h a'clustert T e lernodag Coul ane -rmore. m 1eng han breal4 ,and mu|Hnuct eote Bn Same Speien ue intercno dou. tets are Sormamel.eo ya Jotket a mako he Cortox. narurro emapted Cellyhot Fom e node, foor tyre otpedogps arises Sueh as ene Jo) rrounchetets D) Lonq enantheg (Hpotodes, d) Conex  lranch arusîhy from thn oolg rconchetes e These ane a uhone ok Shord alo knoum ag pmaruy Latetb boan ch, These o e Cenhrsou oxie 94y mlercnode3 SpecH branche3 aljo Condoin +ed helnumben ole node ona limi Thes psimary lotes o l bran ches of Hen bean Sho r t e to h Spei eg. akrn ranG eoSpihe eike bron Cheg Called Secordary O Col al ofrt nodl g. )Lemg bronch * TeSHem nocles may beour oneorcmmo re branchag o y Ore rypomsi ble Cntimiteo rsbun. Te chevetp from oldeg nodok- They tor gsootH o Aue ta lus.S of4en Called og axi larue3 nand dreto ts oxillay pnsitim pUlodas This are unic elUlar alt OolrDlls Juot niseg trom ne bodas nodo Ooun prmary ladeeul branthos. Te no.o Sipulode3 9 eneoaly too in mast o tee Spe ie3 me on eiller. Tid. Tere Siulodes mauy be arn.anged tna ate cirete, onokpecio Couli 2 a3 haploste phanour or naîrele ane he Speties coll-eo s diplosfeghoonous OTeex Te ntercnedoe c e y Covend y ag heoP O eruicallyelomasts narrao Cou Censtitutry Hthe Corkex An nternoole romagvene upto holo te lenqi bu He Corticotey fi(amemk deeloped fron e URer node ano otherlouer U Po rtio9 Covenc byfiamont devefopesrimhe louwe nocle Sperias sitn Corttex anccull-ee 0g Coricoke and oters ara Callieo excordicoded izofd Lfzoidg curise trom lo locwere nedeg o 4e, mam ax and donot sh Ony dikremen-iafi on to noclog anol i4erunodey mul Hcelulom onotanch2d 6non ftnGtion y an Tey ane Chortaqe, absorpHon ol nolrien4. Cet rukre7 Yona eis hoea dbhorent Compo3i ion Loun olol cel Eouh young nodal anel m-lercnode@ Cells i Pptoplogm, with num@TDus dtcofd ChtoopbJ} onnucieole cetl cwiNh denco wilkou+ Pmeno Coll oott cellul osie ton agetotr'nouf outes 1aye fols. e madrre, hiernodot cells howwever CmBeing Seveoe nuder ane wfh Si-op, (anayp. vatuole Sr sbendoo by e mol+invttok plagn Some timeg ditirquiShe hto ulen Honoplot. Thetqds rdoplobm ecthplamand ohnes The Chtoro ploust yo double n.embsan 40-100 uy ta kofda. col dircelel shravcere eotlh w4 Cytrosiy ort ve Strrepm iny merrne.t 9 n esally fone th cete.  i bodiog are ike mito Chondlrsla, ribo_Som es, holq alher eokarutoic orgon eES fond olis+rilbu leof m n e ytoplam. Reprocdwchion ocws h chorsa byveaeletme, mefhoe epsodu cAion 8 Choca. Sexueu. method. AsexIaL Spores are nof fumo Ono veqeleiue forcanedidr olg nmglunn Glarig, bo)biLe )Aseuas repsDewctTom) sA ocwrs by D tonema. Secomdor monphous bu) bis, ano leur Shaped ag9egalicn Cens dovetoped om e louweg Amlem SHerg ers a hey Conlein Hhe mecm is cure Coal e oy Cumy lom ok nodes ax roud to new plan+s a e s delatment. Qmylirn Staril. Tne &nole randled Jbrs li ve S r v t r e catied BulbfLS Rhfzoîds deetor bolbfL. Slem bu1 biu ane(aterocly n Some Speries Bulb?u alsb found a r e pemennectiny rwduneS fter delece ment Jhey pene roate oned. ruise to ne plank. Unoersevorrable Conoi Lron e ) Amon psus Bolbfi owest Sem nodeg Serne+me prbduee Clompsok Severar Smol Celt Ceclled amorphr bol bik lfch hae more fooe maleriol,ey Con a be touno m rhi zerdg. Secondouny pasoton-ermo Survivinay nodeg olderL Plonls Sorne Hmeg qlherije o Proldnema giue nauke addenltAi oUS bron Ches aPMer a perid o h bernation, Thy may auo arise rum Pmaru rhiZoid inay on dem maas Opfces. The ruutures giue rúse to neo plonds. SexXuaL C Reoscducti cm Sexuul, rupsodudion ycan culvont eo ogpmous me4hod coth uel dernetupe ay orqAng. The male Sex poule and he emoue Sey onpn y Cut eol n u orgon Calr-ed og Sex Cule. öro ong ane 9enersul preyent ds 4 e aday iol S idog ob e noces ol ang lates NuCule y tond aoove te gloule omhe Lame, noole. ay (o) hioboe y 91e, mae Pexongpn. madene qlobo1e ya large SHat k-ed, Ho ron colous. phesito Srwcture, and bm gh yeA I ot T e uondA. ol tae glo bute y COmgos ed o eight curuel Plales,Skietol ces twhichare join e end do eno ivîre A a oCult PSeu doce \lu taer dppeayoa a n o e k Shoped manubrtiom oniseg frrom 4e (enler o eath Chield cet Ltrvo Or 8sue monu bri A4 e hneriié of euh monurio ce mimerty Capitulum et ane ay arte 8 h nunlbert. Pruea 7 Nepruy Sty Cecordory opi tulerm celM develop frm eatn mmony teu udSeh An tHon a3 Jl-e fnt4fal o e apitdom anltseidict Hlamen. Ho y anl heni dloa Panenit ans produc eod 7 bocch anlheridtaw fiiament hoead u e bunched, molticenvlarc ShavtPurec mo-lhes cel, eouth gibino EoLh ceu og e h(oment fnctions ag 4ee Sperm ruse fo a. Single tminul eate Spirally coiled bfiooell aed anhesU KOlo|. 7 o Xofds are ibesoteo! by 4 e gelafi zoPieN o e Sperm m o Y tne 9ole wa Cel) ond by p-SeRanadicn o Jue Shietd o Te a n e o idim art g o b u e devetspaac ramHe, a d a x i a Pempho0a cels teG nodog al Poimary laterou losanch whieh diuid-eso forem an Oules anohneg COLS 7 le hnes cen yco/led e anbheridioo initioatrrom uhleh globule gocepec y tooanf vene Onel ferGdinioe divi Si on b Nucie 8(cogmem) e Cogoniom chora y known as nucue styWrp ovofo shovckre Ea nocUie Conlouine o Shroe e eagt Sossounded an envelope Hve lne Celus cohfeh añe pielly coand haClock cofse dreclion forninaiosk8leped poteh-e heotar Ontoli e ogpnim. Bach Theattn Cetereninoeg in a mal erert Ce. Au Such w hnau Celg fort a 4as orn reun of Clas ery fi4mg cels Cappiry e matU Osepnium Gknewn a Cordna. ASLe lanae owm ypraen ine 00onim Cmdechhn Plorh and ofl Coloos les receptive Spot y found ad he, apes ote ouem. 3 4 danelopsfromle ooqma miiO frorn e RPes peipems CellSo e ojet nod-e o J e ankori diom. Te 0pniae mih cu dvide deard sons verke dhic)s to forg 3 Ceus e lowed most call peoli col ceu mi Jle ome y e meoltan Cell orunodou (ell ono he rermoct re preyons i e Ooepnfo mo-lher (ells. The Cogonim ouonq oith it Sheo ano Crou deeloes fure rwm e ooontou megt Cell b repeouleo dony moa Teo von oR monarS Fer itizotfon Fira be cel o e nocu 1e SepaBOle Siiqhl w dsom One an ollnor betouo 4ea Cosona to forcm five narroy 1R rgtmng enler rsouyL ege Iits. niy og-e Sporr enten ue OW -HoDue Jle ruec-eptfe ano Aoses wilth-e e9Y K e ouictn ecndter O Cello lo sic mom bane ta be knoea/) ey odsPoe 7The oof pore , rolaicd m e 00omiom nel JaReken, oncoen to e rma nut-like, dank or whie ColoUteo Te C mit me f'ocik o forem y hapo fd nugei. ahe apfea ene ans dindey by Hroee, noueR ronain fn n e loued DuCIes remeihg cmte urNerr part and Part clhich Subseqpenty doqeneSode. out by paching rz0ugh bosphore uJuls ano dile t e urpert nuce8 emerige Ley 7 CoUs e rhixoidoe U nfioa lhod deelops o le (olous fh etodO - bnanuheo rhfxoids e ProHenemmd inific a t - deetops hào he redius TLe upert ten y Coll-a Chorsa ape a neto plant oriqinoudesrsa leran nlutute Ineanode Pxar Gtobele ond d e ucule annang ment. Globle Gy obou NuCUie (0) Youn rchzoid &Plenema G u o b u l e Seuieo ven)- izid dnd aereie (0) Prooema iNL (O) Botherndi 1 Cext c k icur ephenj deue - ment Fouru haptoid nutles CO) Nutule pond brin SecAicn () Shied c e u l tls) Aa-ars072pi Fendiu2ahm Temnoli represenblion ol f e cy Cte chorsa 7 Te u l tte d y 4y picoty haplontit type o chara zypie, ny diploo g oe q Henas aru hap leid  ANTHO P/TA) OSemaefe easitn Divis C XAn!T Ho PtHYtA Clas xanlho phyceae oTder- Heleoo shpho nale foily Vawcheriaceoe N nemus Neuocheri a Ap de carlollee enesso charsaeter tetf e eloo oalopel YouUPS due t elao Jree) 7 *on-ho phuyle repseaents n e qoeen a TODP a r e Chloepy picment present A Cotoorn o efrr plestids These amarnb oP-ho a and conoknoils Chlooephy) b olone obre) andiHhe ene yPe ent.Xanho pluyee. y prent. andl ogme no lutein and tocoxanHGiD Pyrenos arne alsent O Slerelh y nod foremed lotosina or Chrego laminarcin ere ote Stosoae fooo mouteioce 7 Leoroina polymer Condecminy ofl, lip1,gtuCoe ve Chlorpga are dhscofd colth ded bie memboene ohld'yo plas ER Repoodottion Predominaity beeeetie.anel asexgal mekeol Seroce fuprocuctien mi 4eedto Serne Speces T h e cllos yo ut44p3 onicetutorc motile ott pameloids torems, Ott Dendspide 4gpa/ot cocoid frem er tri phgc foroms or fromentouf foren OnSiphona- ceoR type Ca) a x o a s epsoolvetio9 culen preent t o iso qomous tpe touw ewes h vobeOnA boqomous rrepsvdvethen foomd. Co tinset an lipleah dtogela are un Cayyes leng-l anel too type enegar o + bodly y omicellslar ottrmulHiCenulort dn molti cetotore Spetfey nuclef maty betomd Call2e Coe no CyHC GOl). Tey are fresh Coates tree hodPg Comdi ion foremeUmd o free torgrg Cmdiion )docherio ( ematic B i o bivision - Xanlhophy ta Ctau xamllhoplay teae HetexoSiphonaleg orolors vaucheraceos fam Vccwcherna M  C6) Thales orqoni zothon ano cei &trroctme Te 1alhosy an aseplale, frnegulcure Iy boanched Siphonaeous one Sepaa are, not vmel anol-Ce psbto ploz) y Continuous auong l2 entie. tang The haluug yoRnole. cell h e cel oae oeltofose. m mner louos and peciie n ooles louyp. cose do to cett comtt a ufcu, Continuas latea o zleplagm Presen Tue rtoplam Cotechg a u e eukoruye tic cll oryaneltey Numess Oval/ciretwtar/elipticoce Chomcto phoyeg ane fae poesent Boanolg tperiphesy oe Cyto plahy Inner Kne o cyto plam Condains nany noHe. 2e Rynenofq ane-Ho-lell ahsent. Tg A longe Contsae Vacuole octurg al lhe Centoe o e cel| Gnel 4iled wil Ha lene Since die cytoplom anel nuclei ane. not partiihea into dhstinc4 Ces- PAR Catted a cell. Coeno Cytic o f 1 raduesan Cercth y e Principaa fod neserne toplagmîc meomrg y found n-te recfeg aleat o t e Crupnetles eRepsccuetion weps ivo asexoos onaxua, me-hood ol vepodutien are fand h euckora ce egeeti ve meoe oHerodvekien cc Hhrsoet droqmentaftiom o t retivi, tulere each froagments 9ne i e new plai{ bod e x ua Repsodetiop 4sexoes reosoceotion ccturas o speres, oplonoper n auineks-. oosporo): osporog oro. Lormedh aai Species feseSimia Specieg and fm tulen ftood ed wH o0aters. 4 y Common meHhod oruruduci on cmolert voUrale comd idiom 7 hay ore pruducod Speioa Strw cture, Coll ed XooSpoen qio zeoS Potaqiom in deketopg al e. encd o a Side bon uh. i s geAs enlog.c, Swolen no hum ber ycl er fio 0 nAo t. Tlen Haioutaoodeo Cuyto plolm olorq toit lora Seplun. y Sepornoded drm e moin-haleg by a Te nucof Cono. Close, toJie, extemat f e Chavmoalo plhareg huis yerey Zooponongim. Ta. endire, pmtoplo3 Controae o forem an ovou mownxeoi mah- 0afl-ed incipiant Zoespone a nartocd apestupe Ct e dsheu, nal frtmo e Zpntpare es cofes hrougt 7 Gydorlabmjust pairs ols denelor. denve ln Jtc periplesAR contioles vapicie, cof4aint.a. plobrta.membnane polno fngeto locoodeot MJie poufrt ol 0entmiol-e Orpeie each nueeut. - a n Crene out f h e c  e Zovsptno mcip1 esicOS move to he perpleny o Houyet ateo modure. Koospayv t o meum flamo membsane. he ano Huse af-e) svkre, ovoid mul4inucteoted mItfragell ytara al/aoqsoen Some timo Colloo a Compovr e r u fore ,oos poreg al Vawchea ane oes p ase8/ zses rones a JOe Xoo pore omes torust, fagta HHerc o ruod ok Slugaish mofility, became, rrome uP T OruenetT oh dseun on vanigh, AoospUne, e pesipkerod roqjon one nuef oCwovmotopharses OccUs toaro Come to e înn en reyron. tobulor The Zaospose noco Qlongote n too oprote diecdion ag ta oa 60t suah. One gie se to a Cotousley hold fash ord rse o topchod eeywset goeen tublarc fitamen} o fve a Vau homa. osteuced e)plano Sprse >Tese are non mo4ie aSex oaa Spona aolverso ConciHm3 Tho ore e eterestriae Speefey underc eruminour atesoe, otan Cheg er PoDaue0 a Hhe. endg ol hor4 broanche Cal al cplanospotengra s n l e. opicenoSgme ý f d v e e na inoe aplan oSposang fum- Srn H porteo e produchon many microcptanospor b He divilicy oye ngte aflanaspore, in sem anvalfe. Species. iot on The aplon oSp o mo y oetooeb H rw t o o Sorang cocuL e d cohich 9fes nSe tonew halos o p a he apíco por n odfan. fijomont di vides C kne fes urder dasic roliop -lue branchool ,1CK planoos Crovs oell). indo TLouo ok heruR Seqm ep4s by They are i o l with Oil andey o r e mul4inuc100 fe. The eune kn oun ae Cepts aae lanfttte b ort hy PADsponej o r akinefe Fon a4fme uase cyh ana(onneetd aeheh ob Pakantas membsane of lheftomentiviroy e apreonantie of anoltey nder fovortalbie (onoihons a. akine-e3 devet6 nao vauclerie Hobolour A1amenks. 3. Seroo Ra petton An Species ol Vaudoma, reoal ane y oogomoos tyee. most o e rePsaelore Jpocies ena Monoecf rarrelypeies ol merine hobidouls on djoeoor Them mole anp femau qome les diHese grohy Aafir rm Sizo ana SArwdore  oLmee y poo dweed 00onicr These Sex oa ceetby rom e oetatiug houlus diesentSpeues. S x oruong Gne varuiooslx diSHri buleo Srcwture o Sexoraon a)An-tlridfom m ateme typicao anhemoliim y a yl îneicae tubu lourr SHrrutte C a CUed hortne 1ike +fp. 9 Co-4ocing numersbue maue q o m e t on Sp erns, o l h 8fersy s amulinuceaJe minule Oval On pear Shapecd Colo0rleyStrwotne wfta tuwo meavao fooyel1e msered oterauly ono orpo Side dirwcde One fhae4lum is 4ins e p e Er tueohd cuhi ta pe ogmiem 9 4 a Sph encoo to Ovoicl Sexsile o Su b- Sesite Crwcstre. 9 ho allo a beax af e tfp. Te medure. 0oqoniem Con p h asala noues no mcun Cho0matop hsO Thee ý Sioe Cy he?de e oomferm. DOelopmen4 o x orn Sex orqons denelopeo cn latergaa brsanthog An 4temolio Ono Goqmio osanoh andse Simul tan O00 Sty oU andheiqfa ban ch, aruse 144e Pmore to o0qgnio broancn C)Ferdili zafio9 Co qo Sex orapuns pen almaSt Si locna ously with mu Ooqpmfum orenn 141e -easnljer to öntnemtdfom. A te, r okon rp ok L beak of ootoniom a HH1 dnep o (ol9orle yto plaim cozo3 0U 1ooup an apf (ou pon nomber, o Speromg releoheel tDoqt aprcou Po 6 e anthomelfom qofer arcounol f4-. man 4erm ènte mfo opn im but 0mly ne Con prence durtos e. o05p ose Her Ploconeqomy Smouo male nuaeuso ose tojue femaie noce ano frerucse m sizo. ill Sinitar to 4he o Howr. Then olyft Ause to forer 9 Te pte Secrutes SereJsee seus, becormy hfck ano Coll-ed a eeft Cecpdre no t enteng e a fortod o rotTLe rSAfn oop orel loa re r nerrminodti om, Te. ospere, directty germ moute. hto c new Gitamen wihout meio sforag. 91 held hott te 0ospo re nueleNs divid neei'to mefofi colly af firadrg divicn omol uen e nocteP diie by rufeota ofuis iom to frtn num obus kay lofd nucuf. Te 6Pex ooSpore coa rwptuerte ano e germ twe cOmes ou o t r i s e to te aeruiak qroon thottus. n e opposte Srte a Coler- gnm dwbe emerap to gie rise to rrhizoido t port4fon nheye mameJee vowcerrio houlvs demeap ed  Zoos poeS Plan oSPoe APnehey Asereu RepnduHon Vouw chemo thotuug anthomditm (b) Heploio) nucleiua Coe@mitm (0 Sene miefo sis Sperum o) RepibeuHN) e o) y oe2n) Sg g0m Lfe Cuyue o vous Cheme  pand-9) CPHAeOPHY TA)) Stemaic Psilion 8 Divisiom cmsomo phyfe Cloum pinaeoplayceae Ornolen DctuyOtans grulounh familu fucaeeo aonu Focus Genesee. chanaetesi 4fes $ Phaeophyte are sue most compiex forme of augoe The cell wal|s ara ompas eq ok catuiose, anel aug inic. atid (a Comptex poyse Cthorrido). Uníke eon aope ort chlovophyta, Jhey 1aukArue Stoneh. The food resorve conteh pstt,hlatrds alcohel ond olere Cnplex farens rotySocodoidos T e mem bers o Phaeophy-le betmgh Ho Lamnasele Gat are C ale kelps. k a t ps one e only algoue csm a sqnificant ndernae tve, dikeentia Thougt, Arue Cnctvtme thgavos oive xuten anal phioom ane absen ket Sho Sme Sork ok Conouekve tisue l. n (orr t otere evoived ouo Speri, ropoduction o h e onaaa Hes placee by bot SKucR and asexUea meang Hies phaesphyeta bawe eife tytte Consrstiry e bo4t hoploio && dpLeTe eaps, roPere t a on aulennautin ok genesotim The ali us representhg Loploy e e one iptod Slage mey 3im jar be (Uomruphfe) onibarent (Lelero mornplie) ECTOCARs jo Spherali posifion; Divigion-phoesphylo cls- *genevadeoc ndors -Ecto(onpaleg Pam Ectocon eae heaks- Ectoconpu. EcHoCarnpus a Poimisie memiie broun aopqi san la)teof oul ovey 4te de. sbenil4 denitd Prufferx 0 ColelOs ragieng Haoever feas Specleg are pipuge), eidoáfe orn ondo pluy '. o nak mexpio lad kekemotrichou aan zati0) t% Ae plaat bady y o bsanthd iamendoug firamenfoos rutre, Pl l8euers pmstsate shem and eneut branhe do Subskomde, rír equloruy abc4,20bed t Su- Ponstroente Sysemprialles Sobstsatum by rhfozoioll. apita ( 7 e reut Ssitem 4famenle indad Sirdur a iasin)u Portion 4ereminauteg hdo hoir brontkeq ono asuanapod Hru o Uniteria Te în tto Ceus eratt ykm SPrwctre)on Jhe bounc qooas hi bnl menkfem. en er jamo.to plyti, os anel Sporopsg 4felor dfptof) 4hou? butboh arto morzpto logjgaty an e Tue gometopliy ie hallscharsat tediLody a presenre of plurcitoculour goumen4a 7cdere e spesophytie houlusycharackri 20e b e presenc ob n i [ocolarc Speroang ia ona flurilo tulont Spooangia. Celus a r e eninoceate Gmall, Cytndeicat /Or reutungulort o berre hapeo The Ceu toall y #boee loyeyeol po petocoUIos fe nature. The Chrsomato E plhores diuc- shop ea ana n7blbos 1ko Ond gololagn broun în ColPU. or Co hronoc phse Coneh photskign-akfe pne 1ae mooe ok 7ovups r s c ylauofd. 7CHeoplosHie erdoplozrmfe rteiculu)-Mern rrane y preyenf. Pyseno fol Qne irgte and Slatked femjeutiny type bsourg cansenofo) pfzmoet furotonluin ytoun te fatPals curg cdfa chl. a, Chi,c, eao ei an anhopliyni. oroso4 of ue hatus ý apiea îh prstone Syem- TLe ernect G branthes grzov) d u to elboy6pica or ntern Calory ort bo a meniteto. Repsodoelion 4u dhrree mokody vegetntve ,ajnvat anakuat mekody ancfounqo ar repndufon. 1. venpslaAiue 3vespojadfive re podi cdi ao oLU b dtoumen.ledhoy a praode af ncA o r e Hiamen, revueys frmaion tk Prpegules and ahe Ha  asexvaliy e lorvuso algpe rrooueue mojf o &. Aservece RepsouCH1Om Arsoual oníLoCuloarlond ASexwa, reoodw ction CCOT extept fucoue. alfch a r e bortn e on e o diploid Mallos. PluriloOhor Spoong fon ane not fand îhqameBoTyie re balluf, Sportonefa T *o Sucn Spore oooeleng J e diploíd Sposopkstes. ul enyfa S t develope FooStruckme. Spherieoe ya Single ce-ed, See. ike, diplofnoteg dlvide h i Cen calere -Rue iak Reoluction divisicn octory ulfehkrofted divides mitotfcali eoeh o to forcm -four hoplofd nuejei t forcma lanoe numben o haploicl nucle îm +e Sporano fom an many minu teae hapBoYd Cleouwage Jouka ploue, neo hapjofd plant. Zoomeiasosee ane toremed each oh alih devetop Scme-fmes lhe rledoction division telt h feremafiorn onon motile aplaoSpone on fehoagponec Uroculourrrangio They are bortge on Sponeiy1i hatlvs. eath Prduoeo a Smgte ZooS pore. ulich are Tey u r e mol+i Cellu tour dfploiRh natre. The puri 1oCeloerc Sporaneia iketrwotre, în 9ametofytfe thatg Guo Pluriloculr amefengia hat pluce) game esp). 4 7 E a t h oasporeybidtagetlateol, cminvcteole, digto , Pyri frcm Conkrotile vacuole, eje Spot an roamatortnme. to a di plo'ie koltos Tha zoespOre gerumnady 3 Sexue Rerpsodution SexuelFeprwcAio) m mos4 brwn ougee eXt eP} fotaay y a tmction o e op tufd octlus. 7 The SeKo, rerrsbdluctton ogomous r e ena h Some Caje anitgpmys esflon found Gometes Coni co &examqang pandisioned hto anepruleed h tartge, donqatedPlurujouularcr omengia. mauny number o cek bnd knou a Eauk poriotulart 2pm0.iangiom deueieps dsorn 4u lateme branchied cobfL hfocted. 94 diuides bj mony esenAare, dmSiens foloed by many venticas 4i Shon to form Severae Cubilok CellS h e prohoflash oh eah cell givek rise to ong uninocueade bi fayMatea Proforcm gomete 8mftart m &tAUne fo KooSprre Th 9ameBes are eidesnSmi tourt or Siigadty an isoqamelej behq monlur togicy &eume.Fucicn ottud betueon STni(ourc gamees cdhmma fromCme. of dilherent flads. HE.siicolosug dioetious orel tus ion CCeur beteen anisogamees. Tes Mal gpn ets make o ClosAerc atounde motionlem on Slugaikh lemeue gomee, fose. tolhchreus Peonello, an  tu) o Fygoe 7 Secndes Slows osa minent anisoqom. AHert yrmed ulfeh y ee Arut Spon phie `fvctese P p y f e s 8Te xyepte geumnate Jout meio-fe divisia r n selo a pomytie.di poid flont bedj p s o puyte (ørvdres oiocular Spovengfa and plur joCulgur Spooang ta by ufehfprolwea Kovsperag eniuocucur ronagk a rse t o o mefospre. bymeiosE ufch dewrelepaol do hoplb gRmefoplJke'" audoeaj pluteitocutarc Sperrang ta trosoebeee many ploiKoome o sgmex hod deveisp to sporaptiyler.ant A1Here nadfn oRAC 7 7 dn t e f e histor Ecto arrpus Spetieg,two ypeg menpho logí- co mi tarc pland botfes are fonCne j a haplofd gamet pyte ank the oler yoa diplogporo rhyeR. The hoploid gamefoyte. (omdues gametes alieh dse to forery uygehact devel to a Spooaphy4ie plant 7 Te Sposo pluy4fe pla pozduee eni lo(ulourc Sposang fo elaict 9oDowceg Zomefo Sporesb) ano give rfe to hcupiofd lant ousever Je Sporopyte. Povcluee) Plurfoulor Asol Forem many di Sperarqia 4at plofooolprrog caWkh prvdwea epeo porephyk. e life cyete a haplofel qome foplyle and di profd Spropyte houe eawe duraJion an i mposdeunte n c e -Jec one monpluloei coluy 8mitarc and alteonete îh Covm pletioh ao life cyCte fte 1ie yete G caled as oplo diplo ni 1k cylne, an a alterNain o9enesaPioy - caue oy iyomoneke ajHnnaticn enDafionleng sno oIsmcd Zobspre Soe Asexua) eb qs19uolb nipasomp suoluoinun and lur o Cul Ecto carps Sponra Spo rophyteon) D i p i o f o lf h a s e enioculaur &Porons ia 2o mefosfe jo tefjokon A t9map mrokin yg0 f(2n) Zoomefospores O skomog tHeplof phne gilekpel shuro toCorccoCor Pus gamefe ply tfe m pryrh p oPlon4 o) u2olosit23 ertitízaitnhamecy (n) Game tes (D) HArsug peraj a n abhent. voapedi veTeporclson ee occurs mahly by dhogmenNadi ouo 4u -hallus,lene eath tngma ge e fo new toos, puaL Repooctdron 91 e Sole eluoe o rqorbdocdin any ooggmo tee well dee lopeo Sex onaa os acdca m e u dutos 9pecie mou be monoe tious bearthay mate oe Female Sex ornopng on-e Same haliu ano) eve o hnd s ConCeptet 1e iperiez ane, aulo droetut which bear & onags n olorond plont. Deceplato) beart x orgeing heite nceplautesl eCovih. rwotorne. o ConeploueLe, Conc-eplaCleg are Sphericas Cawtty Hat beart Sey onaanc. Con Lephelle anree ane ooseqpteo at Ja. p s of bTan cey do Jottm Jue ferH1e reafon o Cai-e recepjeuueg T e Cowite obte Cont eplaete Condemy Compct mouy o (U3 Jorcmbo e terufte Shoet. airc (i ke. Upra bvanchag anieg from i terc4le Sheet oano ane. enoun ag r a pluy Rs owhfeh ane ter Ane. rom 4R UPron Pontion o coneeptott.es SHerile bnanths ani Se' call-ed peripuysis. , Te ay Conceplaee oreg hough a Smaul pove aue +o Cowit ol deso Comcepaere y fined wih mu cilaags a Anemolicm An-leni dta. ne Smeto, ovau on club Strrwctume borcne onte. panaphyse). many emped niao Cellv ian mertmingtatHh ocpnia m an-tLerndio mouy be pooben- Rame (onteglat e Una ant-eniia arc munielolac di ptofol huCteus rat bearuin diplord potoplo3. The dvideg oy mejo sis to forom culfth furtter dli vide by mitofc. divisicnS. 2 uni foun hoplo nuced fDto Past forom nuueale davate Spercm moller( et Eath Sperrm mothex ce nolonaod&e los. diviciom to foreve two erun ort maR CAU. Cath Spercm cers ya minuk, Stigly elcngokco peart latesaly oi oopltat Autkme coi4n eyts Shape an pot. h a oopmium ya lonar. Ova on oyleata On Caiteo Sdroetre Stioud eeudeot from e cocceote COmleins o di piofod nueus. Comceplaue. 3+ TLe oli pio fd nucieut oli vid- bmaosis to ogon di vi des b mto sí to dorcm y haplor nuierond form 8 nuci s Cleesose of 4e ooepriiauL Cyto plam treem derts uGninutease 4 Feruili ZaPHOn Spercm onol ove ane reitajed fron Contepdect 1e3 fn may hehy enctoje b hnec layerg as repectAe bladolos6 i n p ffnoyle are releoecA culen trand ouna reft oket L h comfng4fde. fentilZoon exlexnog Hhoos tros pexm dse egy, tusion occorts heknee) cne speem ore dne t dorcm w9 a otfperefq yole.  e Kuos te qeremnoley - r a shond perod o rt. 94 elng CS HJendy e Substoatem dpwelop irg O r dae idd fh+Pa Le Kuopde. eliVider y froansvenje ana ton hwdnas diviskon dr bru4- 12. Cel}B Te ur pen coll nise fo m repeatol otviSion a e qubshaped boel ok te youreSgosp pluye. Cronolur Portfen are, Bfenegstake dfeise to aln-Aod ado1)- fhode fusallus AHernakon eGeregaim e Rtfe. hittor oL fow è dminadeol by ue Spou pluytfe fases 9 9 Consi dened oj ne hfah evolne alpe Lh ngpet to t e d-eeupm.en s Sporop hy s3p/ainb PlOS. vt SuaitYtee no cUHera nod4TOn o6 d'bbeen tyres Hhof ahoueegene+HCou a Sma haploid floje atuncBe csna long daplosoaje hiogi Lleno-e ti toeks monoscCae al4enncAscn 0geneoetC) bu Compe e , 21fe tueThe sile tJe Y diplcm ie e fe Arte cytte. R b e u s ont meier Cogni) Antt-endiCm youne fcaus Plont Sperm uel /Eopy oipinco Jeuolb Dioggaumadfe rnepoSerktiog e Juse.cy(te oh fveva)  CPcund-1) (RHopopHYTA) Drs-tgyhx hg danatkergR cAuae 4) C1c) a r e fven belo, Uhe nporfand Nolttepuishiny featnec o te rant in red aal u p laru and Codnian alei oure nicelu bodyy hat rors macroscopfc Htue member homemu14i celLU arL most ok clugmavous adg holls to ribhon Jike on Plok 1ike parren trom lomentass showS 2 bruic Pons h orgni2o4ion Cniaxiae ~ t A hallus ok nee algoe ariae Uflamen onkumg a &inqle whoot ongan)zotion - oulerre Je hallx Pion ahore Jee body ComSJy O a mul ti oaxiau Pnoania - Coñti cofion anc w periphesar bran chog fiame nts. Te Cenrooe thooment 4oft o xiae torcm Ae psevolo penen chy madous -hallos- m aB 10up Structures ane todelly ao6ent eateomo4f1e P hChudec ch), 9, ar domhot rree Agmend - ion - The pgment Composi prosert a n e ard plyCo cyaniq. n- CHlex piamene r-pluyCorcythrsin oufha ang B - Carolenes alophey Coltyanin.chloplgl-L Xoenthoplug|18 amamt Chlosopgi -d ahsent andl replaved by Sorne y chef fooe rejerve y donicleao starcA, fionudas de ere mannogycenale, ololitiomdo pettin anot eeolose. TLeq anoy &e eoul Condeny Xylong, qtycans m be tCattih csl. egela4ve ce cne hBerconneteol by yto plomic Comeetion Cale4 PiLConnestior envelope y & lagened, nd Chioroplast fRone(Hy lakofods a r e SchiomplesH UnSheuk@o SexUae repsoudioN adaaceoooqomousy pe mate Sex napng an call-eoSpematogonía ulich gpooedvee maie meescalle peametfa e oTeb-2homethh emaue ex croan8. onusgaru rouisi Canpoqo nia one he one very comn q5ovP ond Canposprsa post -fenkití Zoion choni3 o u t e n [0r0dEe, Canupo iporej. UTre Courposporargfa ngfc a n e dlenelope Conposposophyde beoniny Strwdure calle ipan n cogfmng 4te Hehsporopbye y faono) e pmdutod eNospare. to fte exenion 1fe historuy by De rreence Conpospora puyk and dedunpe roye,He fe ola y bíphasic on triptasie Poly Sfhonfo 8 &yternafe. fasiton(Aaoruting to Fr4s ch Cla- Rocdnplyeeae biphasie iplobionte Subeiw Horideoue Cenam iale Ordos Famfy Rhodo melaceoe - Ie Cycte Ghenu PIyPho01o halus orepenizoullo -e hfa enelok PotySipto nfa genes rreraoenis Lifk cyebe. s.(eupnd grsvup with a roee flsic m red algoa menne, tttney occumhe h e mem beng o e e qenus are exCtun n all Sea. Sea. Ko peries o r e knoen an e Commooty StNed peid cne P. PlatyCarpa, P. tlongete Ot Thallud ane el ngoZaH 8 u2950mobDpo Polrplionfc hou e much branthed fi (ameqtous halue e h Look eodhery and beowifrt mapeou e d e r holdfest anchong haluy t o SbJtratm tamectog luallug în most Spetfes ahouog heteko ru'chous neoe bouc pzostrote an enet eruicoQ SSem noks The bogau poshomde SysHem &Jle. foforeny brancheo rhfzofdoace. They arise froy -tne creepina Alamenitd o foote åe cano tCresiAs ol a centra mo ax+ from ahfch many brrancles deuewp in rEooltu ort SpfkoQ, mannert Cenkoe. anol t no rtanthe aure poly iphonateS eleme ag tee short brenthes at fue apfcouXone are misip hona ceGos ano anc celetas2m trcho béas|S Te mouin ilamend anohe (ong branche3 Constitute a Ayskm ol fHhaments calle 9 iphons. The Cen¥sod, aXiOU. - a pa Centso fil amene makes-em Biphon|8uvToundeo anale, mrmber pem plerte amends makod e Ppeipkerou. Sphoms kre culkik e Poly8lonaciovi. e t 09Juns hallus (Oleas Sh s ogol3-usjs ann oig The apftag. reqo o fa talls onjant a Cen too Sfphon nly Doeto eapol izo ob toces ar eirc reearc annanqements a ollos ookgiuka hawheq de ang herenaede n mond Speciege oaobo ot Sud peFipkesoa Mphon divides and ant cuinallto Jorm q Corkex Thks k caled perfineoy Tese ce12 J +torcm (on4feae Cordicat-m. Sieluong.  ojr pemMerq CylinehoiCou Conoettwad Feehu ce y ninuteocte, elCmgated, valuo1 bondoq lenoPast, cekroo call hawd a cels perep henga tn osiHhon a n lve parielal are distof hhape, h e choomato puores aek fy TeNofdS Ch lesof ty Cotyaning, phycotykartins, Composition fncluodles a absent ond T e prgmens ChreorlyR2 b feuo anle peys aneana p arotenes chtunphytl d y pnjent. Cel|. hallus qsuvs by9 meant oh a dme 8hape apíeal be(ocoJe ap iCa richoblass originade, trcom a n xicu, cell 3-S Cef1S Ladeva ae00 ar become Jte rjchotbias- n Segarsatol ad iaqpmal Cell anc gek amendf. Tuis hi+foa dhuio nepeieacle to fern i richoblost nftioee pootue tten Lie yte9 Sexueu meleod e n y no aexvo Ipcre rmothte o Polysiphnia reprructvce8 h Spore m poty iphwnia. e giHe.ty re, o poly iphonta Sexucl neps clohe yt Ooqomovusype.90 rod e. lenols ok plantcun Freeoorni feol Gamedophyti Plonk booly Povelu&e exorean CorpoSpoeg CanpoSpoopuy-e -bonne n gametophy}e ord plojo, (rodvee hdepenelent font bardy, pduces haploiedronlpere el. ) TeBroNpovopeyk s het gecemfocte to game to pluugle3 gmetige 8 Polysiphonia ya hetercatbaltic ot dioeci a genos. Sex organg ane korrne cn dHferert Planbs rehabtaljs. Spermafangfo. u e meue, Sex orpns arne Cedted s salen Cone hapeo Spenman egia ahe botun e in tislerg tormg Compeut a trziche on hurt monoki phonas boancA e a n yue Qprce o} mad Plant Te branches ane Caiee malerutho b(oy} 2Te maue ticho bia^ iy fonictol ad Ha 4fp ocuufehone Side bean le pefiratangia anel okert feruc g'ves ise to J}enle ariS Eatk. Speamadangium a Arleridaa/obleno Cni- colvlar Sfnewwk on Pal-e m Col oos. 9t hoy a lang nudt evy T e tninucLeate Proaradl Je Srenmataneiom prodruok a Shaye Thaue Cell Caueo permanas 4fm. Sperma 4ia ant tiberalea woug Narnous pfca Stide m Spenmotang)at cOeLQ gini pn rol e o d e qonido plyBe ) The emoute plans beant tc femoute Sexoraans bortne at te. top o a Chory Called canpoogonfa. Eath carpoj°nit y - s cen-ed Canpogmicu flament  a bajo Swoll-en faskLol lhoped Gructr. w 8trutre,cau ed a b TCorp0qonie a q lonay tub lon neck ke Fonti dnawn hto n fen Hin.ore turchogne cohich y onlx eeep tie 7akoyT h e baal Sodllen porAio onhfnse e nuue baj SenleHlamenk ano Srrnoend eo! loye poqamlen & taderat Sferfte fitamens. re recay ton trdiizak 0nha Ht Es SHooe Jue Cornpoeenim ytiizakioo Fertti izoton octerte fashde Canpoqonium atouleal to ta lemale Pplan4 aree Specmatium duat enterhaugaa drichg4n T- b CO A dliplofol 7ysoekormeq mite Caaporaniun d beyme 2n ar SPompykrt e Pferduizafcr Choge)tAfer duefereiizakion ard forrmatim o S Carupogpmimthof Lead o yaoe everoa choungeg Aaue tlaee aroind +e Tue SoPratfine cetly a r e poeten 4 developmen - oaCarrpos ro ropty1e. 0 Ondue oclescio 8ide e He CogzpoonLm T JUnu9 9 n anillay cel doveeps rom Je sup portireces ane Sim1Janeaslyi se e b r l anel loteree Kerile Aomendg mdAcas-e erx tenykh ne Aumben o (ell Auei taty ceu y locateof mHe pen Aide, oCo ppetasen s Clos-e totne bayed porkio) oh He Aucollen ioe o Cor poqiom 94 T Conteiho hoploie nucevs and don bops a tubuit cennceion he Penut ton ol e CoTUpO qonlum. U e diplo nocteus oke Corpogeniorg dvides mitoicolyol u i h One lo nemahg ih Canpoqani Um ane e o4ter Y Aoarpneel toe a AU xilla Cell T e haptoiol nuceus of e aUxiticury oet dlespnroute C e cdiploid nuueus dRc cuwril iau cey dVide mito4ialty hto oot q wolnk develops drum auxitan ceus ano one ob e o diploid Dp u entens Soto ootqm uich y lal er Seporaeo bra Cros ael i Call o blast nifal, tocLL a gen+ many gemimo bloest remend Kihe are tettmec m tfs tooty cuhfeh by erepeate dii siong gaberiiteBo a gnime ba)t flament ticas dipto di nnatve T e eremfnar CelL o eaih 2enimoolog+ i lamend beCome Soolen and doar to Carrpespotarmium ulos e Grh Con HenHs devetops to a Cmale diplo ie Cotpospor Dorchy -s e a celk tive Supportpay woubese ancl &eileRamens fuie Hocell, fotmcuxi a (rry eil, Conpren irireguelar ceil, Canpen i jala Shapeel cel Caule Plaentae cell e en 4ire dipleio f Arvcme Cond is ti Rlanent, easpos pouomyia, Capo atentae eeu Gomimob le) Spuna Completeu envelpeol 2-  by he eopeH ilament Aa H form an ovalShapeoSttufre, ale Cutucourrp 9s Surrondfng Sheadi y tale perianp. TLe oi ploi pands 4te Cydo Corp reroregent e carposro e. )arSple 91 4 e Aetond hdividnt o ticyte. ofPolySi phonia. om i4 remaing atlatheo to e femcle plantanol i parsitit gametupluyti of f°r.TAe Carnpospvangic + y os0 Hecfeol by ee. per carcp Hhcl opeë foon on t o qon mob (nss cokfeh are dip oí o Carpespores.44makm e PCricanp psecrte Severta dplofd 7 c rospogengía co Mn oli ploid Cerposporer hoc- on cteran) Courtrie au uSe *o a ertoOnEcc Canpespore ah ter Se+Hirgm a SUhitDoctm ge Call ed as te eloapoDophyde. Te. gercmmadion ploid po y 3i phonia plan. body e louOY forem a HlamenB k e &trevcture nosver&e diision to S-es and ppes panf to ftamaMou fenti ons Ln i s e to t e rhizoideue cel en- Tekoe and halna oope a PreseRivg dipoiet poy.iphanicPland P(xnt cnqpnlzocti ons of a q ametoplytH CeIlS n a aP ¢a X imirart sfrwtona, frrorg e. periptentoa etrco Sprangq ia wis S-truckore devevps deeua Jejoar efono ue poy Siphenoos bven cl0), The etva Spobonaje meio $iJ do dórcm fou 7 ue nes (2) O 4be. ktraSposeunq fom divides by haptoio tehaspores h a tedroa ketontmannes. l ruPBorngs fetrypme Cne tibenaded orsovglh te Spraorga makre expsporpu" Can posprre 9} aw ondte. Ranme oe a Tetoospore gercmînade {ere. by Comple g Le Life Tse, to heuploîd gometophytfe. plan cnd eALHercnctios og 20n ematim9 Te Ride cyête ok pySiphmia podej a t h repreSen toy distinct phose, clividsee rsouat AUvoee diBberend GOornec psbolukion ) Te qpmeto phytft phaye(o) trespemibe )ConpoSporphyje ya degedend parasi Fc f lant m- meto phy to,anol s Cnposers. diplo1d 1t paelveej o r ) C o u p e sponeg g i e r i s e to eartespmphuyi a cliploio Strwctone, udra prodwe-ey Hera spiongia m u i n mao $T5 oCcUTL gine rfse iar Ttesa speme dre hapioi anc deuup do qame to phyt age Cyto tog i ceui4 a diplobion #ic life cyl a morphoingiJ f trfphauf. în nadrre. ytolegicaly hgm are tuo oli plofo fse anol one aploRe tese. 94 uene Aore a 4iplo di pl» houplon ic fe cyeR.  mcue plonk-o) < mae 4ri cheblay TeAras preg Female,tricho bla Pemale flaAO) On) Aa3e l a p t o ifh ose. Spermatongia Courps qom)a Spenmectia Pemate Oomete Diploidlass TeraspUPO n 2n) Fenti Datit D Todrosporory ypiote Gurrh ma blast Canpos poranyiA CarpoSPune amen en) irraflico Ropsesendasicn of te Llete d polysipunia Slesile B Spermotry1 meler C e l y S p e e n o d a n g i r u en h l ) 8-- Spormotkiom trchobla Fene Cnman J P p o r d a s t e I l s D C o n p o ao i e e -0-8-C -Tnicegyoe Tu be epgvyne d u s i o n isngod 3unb grog eof-