UCSP 2nd Quarter PDF

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY AND POLITICS JDFUCSP 1ST SEMESTER – MA’AM JOYCE – 2ND QUARTER CONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY THE FAMILY TODAY : DECLINING OR MARRIAGE as a union of ind...

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY AND POLITICS JDFUCSP 1ST SEMESTER – MA’AM JOYCE – 2ND QUARTER CONSANGUINITY AND AFFINITY THE FAMILY TODAY : DECLINING OR MARRIAGE as a union of individuals also CHANGING establishes consanguineal (“blood relation” , from the Latin consanguinitas relations and HUMAN MARRIAGE relations of affinity. socio - sexual institution a part of the wider institutional complex of the family Consanguinity/Consanguineal Relation MARRIAGE ○ Two people are related to each also arrangement of procreation , a way other by consanguinity if they of caring for the offspring of sexuality, have a common ancestor or one is defining their legitimate descent , and a descendant of the other. the main or ultimate responsibility for Affinity/Affinal Relation their upbringing ○ Two people are related by affinity if they are married, or if one Edward Westermark (1891) , in his famous book person is related by blood to the History of Human Marriage defined marriage as other person’s spouse. These links “ a relation of one or more men to one or more between kin groups established women which is recognized by customs or law by marriage are called affinal and involves certain rights and duties both in links. case of parties entering into the union and in the case of children born of it.” People also rely on social relationships made by means of ritual observances, which are known MARRIAGE is at the center of the kinship as godparenthood, or compadrazgo. system Marriage creates alliances and “fictive kinship” among members of clans and tribes. Kinship consists of three aspects: (1) it comprises forms of nomenclature (set of names) and classification; (2) rules which affect people’s kinship behavior, covering everything from criminal laws to ideas about good manners; and (3) what people actually do (Kottack, 2008). Each society in the world has a set of words used to refer to relatives called kinship terminology. TYPES OF MARRIAGES ENDOGAMY ○ practice of marrying within a specific ethnic group , class or social group rejecting others on POLYGAMOUS AND MONOGAMOUS such a basis as being unsuitable MARRIAGES for marriage or for other close POLYGAMY personal relationships. ○ marriage that includes more than two partner EXOGAMOUS ○ POLYGYNY ○ practice of marrying outside one’s When a man is married to group more than one wife at a time PAGE 1 GWEN E. – GRADE 12 – S.Y. 2024 - 2025  UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY AND POLITICS JDFUCSP 1ST SEMESTER – MA’AM JOYCE – 2ND QUARTER In the case of Jacob in the the definition of marriage and the resulting Old Testament, a man family based on the union: marries several sisters. This practice is known as Marriage is a special contract of permanent sororal polygyny. union between a man and a woman entered ○ POLYANDRY in accordance with law for the establishment when a woman is married of conjugal and family life. It is the foundation to more than one husband of the family and an inviolable social at a time institution.f FRATERNAL POLYANDRY ○ GROUP OR CONJOINT MARRIAGE The Philippine Family Code therefore excludes If a marriage includes same-sex marriage and polygamous unions. multiple husbands and wives Marriage is the foundation of the family and MONOGAMY shall be protected by the state ○ includes one/single partner. PLANNING TO GET MARRIED? HERE ARE THE ROMANTIC LOVE , MATE SELECTION AND THE REQUIREMENTS (BASED ON EXECUTIVE FAMILY ORDER 209): In modern societies, monogamy is often Required documents and information associated with romantic love. Age requirements , parental consent and parental advice Romantic love originated with chivalry during Waiting Period the Medieval period. Romantic love triumphs in Fees the modern period. Romantic love triumphs in Pre-marital Counseling and Family the modern period because industrial capitalism Planning Seminar promoted individualism, free choice, and Previous Marriages (CENOMAR, equality. Certificate of No Marriage) Witnesses (Principal Sponsors– Ninang Homogamy as a rule in marriage and mate and Ninong) selection. That is, people tend to marry people Officiants (Solemnizing Officer, has the who share the same characteristics they have - power to solemnize wedding) personality, class , lifestyle, family background, Cousin Marriages are not allowed (The etc. (David Knox and Caroline Schacht 2010, p. two parties should not have 182) consanguineal relationship, “Section 1, Article 38 (FC)) ROYAL WEDDING Miscellaneous BRUNEI ROYAL WEDDING - Prince Abdul Mateen and Yang ARTICLE 2 , No marriage shall be valid , unless ANANT AMBANI and RADHIKA these essential requisites are present MERCHANT - India Billionaires wedding! 1. Legal capacity of the contracting parties CELEBRITY WEDDING who must be a male and a female; and 18 yrs old and above. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 209. s 1987 ARTICLE 3 , The formal requisites of marriage MARRIAGE are: 1. Authority for solemnizing officer THE PHILIPPINE FAMILY CODE ARTICLE 1 fixes 2. A valid marriage license except in the PAGE 2 GWEN E. – GRADE 12 – S.Y. 2024 - 2025  UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY AND POLITICS JDFUCSP 1ST SEMESTER – MA’AM JOYCE – 2ND QUARTER cases provided for in Chapter 2 of this Title; and 3. A marriage ceremony which takes place Article 8, with the appearance of the contracting - The marriage shall be solemnized parties before the solemnizing officer publicly in the chambers of the judge or and their personal declaration that they in open court, in the church, chapel or take each other as husband and wife in temple, or in the office the the presence of not less than two consul-general, consul or vice-consul, as witnesses of legal age. (53a, 55a) the case may be, and not elsewhere, except in cases of marriages contracted ARTICLE 15 , any contracting party between the on the point of death age of twenty one and twenty five shall be - or in remote places in accordance with obliged to ask their parents or guardian for Article 29 of this Code, or where both of advice upon the intended marriage. If they do the parties request the solemnizing not obtain such advice, or if it be unfavorable, officer in writing in which case the the marriage license shall not be issued till after marriage may be solemnized at a house three months following the completion of the or place designated by them in a sworn publication of the application therefore. A sworn statement to that effect. (57a) statement by the contracting parties to the - A marriage ceremony which takes place effect that such advice has been sought, with the appearance of the contracting together with the written advice given, if any, parties before the solemnizing officer shall be attached to the application for marriage and their personal declaration that they license. Should the parents or guardian refuse to take each other as husband and wife in give any advice, this fact shall be stated in the the presence of not less than two sworn statement. (62a) witnesses of legal age. ARTICLE 7, Marriage may be solemnized by: EXEMPTIONS (chapter 2 fc, article 27-34) 1. Any incumbent member of the judiciary In case of death ( Articulo mortis) at the within the court’s jurisdiction; point of death 2. Any priest , rabbi , imam , or minister of Muslims or among ethnic group any church or religious sect duly performed validity, solemnized in authorized by his church or religious sect accordance with their customs, rites or and registered with the civil registrar practices general, acting within the limits of the Cohabitation( at least 5 years and written authority granted by his church without legal impediment to marry each or religious sect and provided that at other) least one of the contracting parties belongs to the solemnizing officer’s ARTICLE 41. A marriage contracted by any church or religious sect person during subsistence of a previous 3. Any ship captain or airplane chief only in marriage shall be null and void, unless before the case mentioned in Article 31; the celebration of the subsequent marriage, the 4. Any military commander of a unit to prior spouse had been absent for four which a chaplain is assigned, in the consecutive years and the spouse present has a absence of the latter, during a military well-founded belief that the absent spouse was operation, likewise only in the cases already dead. In case of disappearance where mentioned in Article 32; there is danger of death under the 5. Any consul-general, consul or vice - circumstances set forth in the provisions of consul in the case provided in Article 10. Article 391 of the Civil Code, an absence of only (56a) two years shall be sufficient. PAGE 3 GWEN E. – GRADE 12 – S.Y. 2024 - 2025  UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY AND POLITICS JDFUCSP 1ST SEMESTER – MA’AM JOYCE – 2ND QUARTER DEGREE OF RELATIONSHIP OF THE FAMILY CONTRACTING PARTIES The Problem of Defining Family This family centeredness supplies a basic ARTICLE 37 Marriages between the following sense of belonging, stability and security. It is are incestuous and void from the beginning, from our families that we Filipinos naturally whether relationship between the parties be draw our sense of self-identity. legitimate or illegitimate: The traditional view of the family leads (1) Between ascendants and descendants of any many people to think that the family is an degree; and indispensable unit or institution within a society. (2) Between brothers and sisters, whether of the Today, however, many experts who study the full or half blood. (81a) family raise doubts about the future of the family. ARTICLE 38. The following marriages shall be void from the beginning for reasons of public policy: Today, however, many experts who study the 1. Between collateral blood relatives family raise doubts about the future of the whether legitimate or illegitimate, up to family. Consider the following statistics: the fourth civil degree; 1. Declining Marriages and Increasing Rate of 2. Between step-parents and step-children; Cohabitation 3. Between parents-in-law and Cohabitation– The act of living together children-in-law; in a single household without the validity 4. Between the adopting parent and the of marriage. adopted child; 476,408 registered marriages (2011), 1.3% 5. Between the surviving spouse of the from 2013 (482,480 registered marriages) adopting parent and the adopted child; - NSO 6. Between the surviving spouse of the NSO also stated that the number of adopted child and the adopter; registered marriages has been declining 7. Between an adopted child and a since 2009. legitimate child of the adopter; 8. Between adopted children of the same 2. Annulment Rate in the Philippines adopter; and 40% rise in the last decade, 22 cases filed 9. Between parties where one, with the per day. (Catholic Bishop’s New Agency) intention to marry the other, killed that 4520 cases (2001) to 8282 cases (2010) - other person’s spouse, or his or her own Office of the Solicitor General (OSG), as spouse. (82) stated by CBCP. CHANGING NAME OF A MARRIED WOMAN 3. Increasing Family-related Violence. 2008 National Demographic and Health ARTICLE 370. A married woman may be use: Survey (NDHS) conducted by the 1. Her maiden first name and surname and National Statistics Office (NSO): add her husband's surname, or ○ 1 in 5 women (15-49 yrs.) have 2. Her maiden first name and her experienced physical violence husband's surname or since age 15. 3. Her husband's full name, but prefixing a ○ 14.4% of married women have word indicating that she is his wife, such experienced physical abuse from as "Mrs." their husbands. ○ 37% (1/3) of separated or widowed women have experienced PAGE 4 GWEN E. – GRADE 12 – S.Y. 2024 - 2025  UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY AND POLITICS JDFUCSP 1ST SEMESTER – MA’AM JOYCE – 2ND QUARTER physical violence b. A married couple with one or more Data implies that domestic violence unmarried children, could be the reason for separation or c. A father with one or more unmarried annulment. children, or d. A mother with one or more unmarried 4. Increasing Number of Women Entering the children. Labor Force. 34.5M– Employed, 2.5M– Unemployed All definitions of the family will have to address (October 2008) three components: residential, biological, and 13.3M– Female Employment, 21.3– Male functional roles. Employment 6.5% (929,000) Female Unemployment, The family as a basic unit of society performs 7.0% (1.6M) - Male Unemployment (2008) several important functions or roles for Of the 2 million OFWs in 2008: Society: ○ Female– 48.8% (968,000), increase 1) for biological reproduction; of 13 percent from the 857,000 2) as the primary agent of socialization of estimated female OFWs in 2007. children; ○ Male– 51.6% (1.6M) 3) as the institution for economic cooperation through division of labor; Experts on family therefore agree that “there is and no single correct definition of what a family is” 4) to care for and nurture children to (Fine 1993, p. 235). become responsible adults. A definition of the family will vary according to Why the Definition of Family Matters one’s personal experience, cultural In social science discourse, the concept of background, sexual orientation, and moral the family is politically and ideologically ‘loaded’, outlook. or imbued with sets of politically and culturally contested ideas about the correct or moral ways The shortest, but probably the most in which people should conduct their lives, and controversial, definition of the family can be the people with whom they should conduct found in Mike Morris’ Concise Dictionary of them. Social and Cultural Anthropology (2012): Legitimate and Illegitimate Children ❖ Legitimate Child “A group of people who have a common Those conceived or born during a residence and/or relationship, and who share valid marriage of the parent, or economic and reproductive ties” (p. 92). within lawful headlock (Article 164) This definition is often found in the ❖ Illegitimate Child government census’ definition of the family. Those conceived and born outside The best way to look for the definition of the a valid marriage or outside lawful “family” is to look at the government census wedlock (Article 165) definition. When the Philippine Family Code was enacted The Nucleus Family (United Nations) in 1989, it declared that “illegitimate” children A family nucleus is of one of the following types must use the surname of the mother. They (each of which must consist of persons living in were not allowed to use the surname of their the same household): biological father, so it created a class of children a. A married couple without children, that have no middle names or having the PAGE 5 GWEN E. – GRADE 12 – S.Y. 2024 - 2025  UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY AND POLITICS JDFUCSP 1ST SEMESTER – MA’AM JOYCE – 2ND QUARTER surname also as their middle name. However, illegitimate children may use the surname of their father if their filiation has been Article 176 was largely ignored by fathers who expressly recognized by the father through the recognized their child and allowed their record of birth appearing in the civil register, or surname to be used even if there was no when an admission in a public document or benefit of private handwritten instrument is made by the marriage. father. Provided, the father has the right to institute an action before the regular courts to Congress saw it fit to amend article 176 through prove non-filiation during his lifetime. The Republic Act 9255 enacted in 2004. Now legitime of each illegitimate child shall consist of illegitimate children can use the surname of one-half of the legitime of a legitimate child.” their biological father as long as the latter formally recognizes the child. Another case is the support for an illegitimate child. An illegitimate is entitled to receive Note: {REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9225, FEBRUARY 24, support from his/her biological father provided 2004} that the latter recognized the child as his own. If AN ACT ALLOWING ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN TO the biological father did not recognize the child as his own , then support cannot be demanded USE THE SURNAME OF THEIR FATHER unless a court order is obtained for that matter AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE ARTICLE 176 OF EXECUTIVE ORDER NO.209, OTHERWISE Cohabitants KNOWN AS THE “FAMILY CODE OF THE are couples who share a common PHILIPPINES” residence with a child , just like a nuclear family, but without the benefit of When the Philippine Family Code was enacted marriage. In some countries, cohabitants are not recognized as “official” families. in 1989, it declared that “illegitimate” children They are therefore not accorded health must use the surname of their mother. They benefits , social security, and retirement were not allowed to use the surname of their benefits of the partner biological father, so it created a class of children that have no middle names or having the FAMILY NOV 6, 2024 surname also has their middle name FAMILY The Philippine Constitution defines the family as a basic social institution that the state must Article 176 was largely ignored by fathers who protect and strengthen recognized their child and allows their surname to be used even if there was no efit of marriage The state recognizes the sanctity of family life Congress saw fit to amend article 176 through and will promote the life of the mother and the Republic Act 9255 enacted in 2004. Now unborn Article II, Section 1 illegitimate children can use the surname of the The state recognizes the Filipino family as the biological father as long as the letter formally foundation of the nation and will promote its recognizes the child. development. Article XV, Section 1 Families and family associations have the right ARTICLE 176 Illegitimate children shall use the to participate in the planning and surname and shall be under the parental implementation of policies that affect them. authority of their mother, and shall be entitled Article XV, Section III to support in conformity with this Code. PAGE 6 GWEN E. – GRADE 12 – S.Y. 2024 - 2025  UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY AND POLITICS JDFUCSP 1ST SEMESTER – MA’AM JOYCE – 2ND QUARTER Family and Household Descent-group members believe they share The UN differentiates household from a and descend from common ancestors. The family: group endures even though its membership The differences between the household and the changes, as members are born and die, move in family are: and move out. a) that a household may consist of only one DESCENT GROUPS person, but a family must contain at permanent of social units whose least two members; and members claim common ancestry b) that the members of a multi-person household need not be related to each RULE OF DESCENT other, while the members of a family LINEAL must be related. origin or background of a person in While they often overlap, it is also frequently terms of family the case that households consist of members who are not family, such as servants or lodgers, LOCALITY while family membership, in terms of shared permanent social units who claim consumption, production and ties of intimacy, common ancestry often extends over several households. Two Types of Descent Groups ❖ Unilineal Descent Types of Family Descent based on one parent ★ Nuclear Family only. ○ is the most Some societies trace their basic family descent through the unilineal form and is descent either through the father made up of a or mother. married couple o Matrilineal Descent and their With a rule of matrilineal descent, biological or people join the mother’s group adopted children. automatically at birth and stay ★ Extended Family members throughout life. ○ are families that include the other o Patrilineal Descent members of the kinship group With patrilineal descent, people like your uncle, grandparents, and automatically have lifetime cousins. membership in the father’s group ❖ Ambilineal Descent the children can opt to either claim lineage on their father or mother’s family group. Neolocality, Patrilocality and Matrilocality Neolocal Residence ○ the couples have the freedom and option to live separately and independent of their respective Family and Rule of Descent families. Families can be classified according to their Patrilocality / Patrilocal basic rules of descent. As a social organization, ○ Much more common in the family is a decent group. non-western societies PAGE 7 GWEN E. – GRADE 12 – S.Y. 2024 - 2025  UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY AND POLITICS JDFUCSP 1ST SEMESTER – MA’AM JOYCE – 2ND QUARTER ○ A married couple move to the 1. FAMILIES AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE husband’s father’s community, so 2. DIVORCE AND REMARRIAGE that the children will grow up in 3. NEW INTIMACIES , FAMILIES IN THE AGE their father’s village OF POSTMODERNITY ○ living with or near the husband's 4. THE LGBT FAMILIES family. 5. TRANSNATIONAL FAMILIES , VIRTUAL Matrilocality / Matrilocal CONNECTIONS ○ Opposite of Patrilocality, the married couple opts to live to the wife’s mother’s community. ○ couple moves in with or near the brides family ○ practice occurs in hortricularlist BILOCAL (AMBILOCAL) pattern of living where the bride and groom pick WHICH family to live near or with NEOLOCAL pattern where couples establish independent residence neither from the side of the groom or bride AVUNCULOCAL pattern support living in or near the house of the groom’s mother’s brother. EMERGING ISSUES ON FAMILIES PAGE 8 GWEN E. – GRADE 12 – S.Y. 2024 - 2025