Animal Organ Systems PDF

Animal Organ Systems What is an Organ System? Cell -basic unit Tissue -groups of cells specialized working together Organ -group of tissues working together to carry out a specific function Organ System -group of org...

Animal Organ Systems What is an Organ System? Cell -basic unit Tissue -groups of cells specialized working together Organ -group of tissues working together to carry out a specific function Organ System -group of organs and tissues working together towards a common goal…to keep you alive!  The next 4 slides show pictures of 11 key human systems. For each system try to identify a key function by looking at the picture! Check your answer by looking at Table 2.2 on page 67.  Some Key Animal Organ Systems We are going to look at the following Animal Organ Systems in a little bit more detail: - Circulatory - Respiratory - Digestive The Circulatory System {  Learning Goals I can identify structures of the circulatory system. I can explain the flow of blood through the heart. I can identify the three types of blood vessels and explain their function. The Circulatory System – The blood’s transport system. Responsible for transporting to and from the cells of the body: Water Nutrients Gases Wastes Components – Heart, Blood and Blood Vessels  The Heart The Heart – Muscular organ that acts as a pump to transport and control the flow of blood. Heart sends: Blood to the lungs to receive oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Blood to tissues of the body to deliver oxygen, nutrients, and water and to remove wastes and carbon dioxide  Blood Blood – Composed of Blood Cells and Plasma 3 Main Blood Cells – Red Blood Cells, Platelets, White Blood Cells. Plasma – 92 % Water, rest is protein, glucose, minerals, waste, etc.  Blood Vessels Arteries – Carry blood away from the heart to the tissues. Veins – Carry blood back to the heart. Capillaries – Thin network that connects arteries and veins. This is where exchange of gases, nutrients, wastes, water occurs between blood and individual cells.  Blood Pressure Blood exiting and returning to the heart has a certain pressure. Systolic Pressure – The blood pressure when the heart pumps. Diastolic Pressure – The blood pressure when the heart relaxes.  Video  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kf_IxT S2S8E  THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM  LEARNING GOALS I can identify and explain the function of organs in the Respiratory System. I can explain how the shape of the alveoli is related to its function. I can explain how breathing works.  DID YOU KNOW….. The right lung is slightly larger than the left Hairs in the nose help clean and warm the air we breathe The surface area of the lungs is roughly the same size as a tennis court The blood vessels in the lungs would extend 1,600 km if placed end to end The highest record “sneeze speed” is 165 km/h THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM The Respiratory System – Responsible for gas exchange. Oxygen enters into blood from air and carbon dioxide leaves blood and enters air. Structures Involved – Nasal Cavity, Throat (Pharynx) , Voice Box (Larynx), Windpipe (Trachea) , Lungs, Bronchi, Alveoli  STRUCTURES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Nasal Cavity – Warms and filters the air before it enters the lungs. Pharynx (throat) – Puts air into the lungs and food into the stomach. Larynx (voice box) – creates sound when air passes over it and strings vibrate Trachea (windpipe) – moves air into and out of the lungs.  STRUCTURES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Lungs – The breathing organ. Bronchi – tubes in the lungs that carry air. Alveoli – sac-like structures where gases are exchanged between blood and air in the lungs. Are one cell thick and surrounded by blood vessels.  HOW BREATHING WORKS…. Diaphragm – Large muscles located under your lungs that controls breathing. Inhaling - Occurs when diaphragm drops down and out creating a vacuum in your lungs. Exhalation - Occurs when diaphragm pushes up and in creating pressure.  VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1Yt Xc_84A THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Learning Goals  I can identify and explain the function of major organs in the Digestive System.  I can label a diagram of the digestive system.  Did you know???  You can swallow when you are upside down  The average stomach is the size of a closed fist, but it can expand  Food usually stays in the stomach for only 2 hours  The small intestine is 6 – 7 metres long  The large intestine is 1 – 2 metres long  Your stomach growls when your brain sends signals to the stomach to start digestion but the stomach is empty  The Digestive System The Digestive System has 4 Roles:  Ingestion  Digestion  Absorption of nutrients  Elimination of Wastes  The Mouth  Physical Digestion – Breaking down food by physical means: teeth and tongue.  Chemical Digestion – Breaking down food with enzymes: saliva.  The Esophagus Esophagus – Tube that connects mouth to stomach. Peristalsis – Muscular action that pushes food into the stomach.  The Stomach Physical Digestion – Action of smooth muscles in the stomach. Chemical Digestion – Action of stomach acid and enzymes.  The Liver Liver – secretes bile that breaks down fat. Bile is stored in the gall bladder and injected into the stomach via ducts.  The Pancreas Pancreas – Secretes insulin (into blood) and enzymes into intestine. Insulin – needed to control the break down of glucose and fat for energy.  Small Intestine Small Intestine – Absorbs nutrients and completes chemical digestion of food. Small intestine contain many villi that maximize surface area.  Large Intestine Large Intestine – Reabsorbs water and concentrates waste.  Rectum and Anus Rectum and Anus – Storage of waste material and elimination. Video  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_QY wscALNng