High School Health Education (Part 3): Contraception and Pregnancy PDF

High School Health Education Part 3: Contraception and Pregnancy Classroom Norms Respect No put downs (making fun of people, teasing) It’s OK to blush (turn red) or be embarrassed (very normal) There are no dumb questions, but only appropriate questions will be answered Responsibility Use the correc...

High School Health Education Part 3: Contraception and Pregnancy Classroom Norms Respect No put downs (making fun of people, teasing) It’s OK to blush (turn red) or be embarrassed (very normal) There are no dumb questions, but only appropriate questions will be answered Responsibility Use the correct words as you learn them (no slang) Be sensitive to others feelings Act maturely (think before you act or say something) Male Reproductive System Male Reproductive System The penis is made of two parts: the shaft (the main part) and the glans (the tip, sometimes called the head). The scrotum is a pouch-like structure that keeps the testicles at the right temperature. Male Reproductive System The two testicles (or testes) produce sperm and the male sex hormone testosterone. Male Reproductive System Next to each testicle, the epididymis is a tube where sperm is stored. From here, sperm are transported to the vas deferens. Male Reproductive System Also called the ductus deferens, the vas deferens is a thin muscular tube that transports the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. Male Reproductive System The prostate gland is a walnut-sized gland that surrounds a portion of the urethra and produces some of the fluid in semen. Male Reproductive System Located at the base of the bladder, the two seminal vesicles secrete a thick fluid that nourishes the sperm. The bladder is the muscular sac that stores urine (pee) until it is released through the urethra. Male Reproductive System The urethra is the tube that carries semen and urine out of the penis. Female Reproductive System Like other living things, human beings reproduce. It's what keeps the population going. In humans, this happens when the male and female reproductive systems work together to make a baby. Female Reproductive System The female reproductive system includes a group of organs in a woman's lower belly and pelvis. It's called the reproductive system because it supports the development and growth of a baby. Female Reproductive System This system is also responsible for a woman's monthly period, called menstruation. Female Reproductive System What Causes a Period? A period happens because of changes in hormones in the body. Hormones are chemical messengers. The ovaries release the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. These hormones cause the lining of the uterus (or womb) to build up. The built-up lining is ready for a fertilized egg to attach to and start developing. If there is no fertilized egg, the lining breaks down and bleeds. Then the same process happens all over again. It usually takes about a month for the lining to build up, then break down. That is why most girls and women get their periods around once a month. https://player.vimeo.com/video/184891943 Female Reproductive System The female reproductive system has several parts. The uterus is where a fetus, or baby, grows. It is a hollow, pear‑shaped organ with a muscular wall. Female Reproductive System There are two ovaries, one on either side of the uterus. Ovaries make eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. These hormones help girls develop, and make it possible for a woman to have a baby. The ovaries release an egg as part of a woman's cycle. When an egg is released, it's called ovulation. Each egg is tiny – about one‑tenth the size of a poppy seed. Female Reproductive System How Does Ovulation Relate to Periods? Ovulation (pronounced: ov-yoo-LAY-shun) is the release of an egg from the ovaries. The same hormones that cause the uterus lining to build up also cause an egg to leave one of the ovaries. The egg travels through a thin tube called a fallopian tube to the uterus. If the egg is fertilized by a sperm cell, it attaches to the wall of the uterus, where over time it develops into a baby. If the egg is not fertilized, the uterus lining breaks down and bleeds, causing a period. Female Reproductive System Fallopian tubes go from the uterus to the ovaries. During ovulation, an ovary releases an egg into the fallopian tube next to it. Female Reproductive System The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. During childbirth, the cervix expands about 4 inches (10 centimeters) so the baby can travel from the uterus through the vagina and into the world. Female Reproductive System The vagina is a tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body. The entrance to the vagina is on the outside of the body. It's called the vaginal opening. Female Reproductive System The vaginal opening is a hole between a woman's legs, below her urethra (where pee comes out) and above her anus (where poop comes out). Here you can see how the vagina connects to the uterus. Female Reproductive System During sex, sperm cells travel through the vagina to the uterus and fallopian tubes. In the fallopian tube, the sperm meets the egg that was released from the ovary during ovulation. How Pregnancy Occurs When the sperm and an egg meet in the female's reproductive system, the sperm fertilizes the egg, forming a zygote. The zygote becomes an embryo and then develops into a fetus. After about 40 weeks, a baby is born. Summary: How Pregnancy Occurs Pregnancy results from the joining of sperm and egg. In females, the hormones estrogen and progestin play an important role. They are responsible for the release of the egg from the ovary,and the attachment of the egg to the uterus. Completion of these activities results in pregnancy. Timeline Activity (Part 1 of 5) Go to bit.ly/tusdhealth-timeline 1) Each student should make a copy of the document. 2) Follow the directions on the left side to complete your own Life Timeline before the age of 40. 3) Complete all of the sections except for the orange boxes. (This should take 5-7 minutes.) Timeline Activity (Part 2 of 5) Let’s Discuss: When are most of us planning to…. Begin a career? Be in a long-term, committed relationship/marriage? Have children? Based on our answers, at what age would you say “adult life” begins? Timeline Activity (Part 3 of 5) Fill in the ages in the orange boxes: Event #1 is any age between now and when your “adult life” begins (based on the ages for starting a career, being in a committed long-term relationship, and having children). Event #2 is any age you choose between now and age 40. Move the boxes on to your timeline to the appropriate places. Timeline Activity (Part 4 of 5) Event #1 represents an unexpected pregnancy. Event #2 represents getting an STI. Let’s Discuss: How would these events fit into your planned life timeline? In the case of teen pregnancy, what other goals would likely have to be cancelled, altered, or postponed? What other impacts do you imagine there would be? Who would be your supports in this situation? What about an STI? What implications does this have for the future? Timeline Activity (Part 5 of 5) Reflect: 1) If you disagree with the appearance of any of these “added” life situations in your life, what does this mean for the decisions and lifestyle choices you are making now or will have to make in the near future? 2) What are you doing now to accomplish the goals you included in your timeline? Preventing Pregnancy, HIV, and STIs Prevents Pregnancy & STIs Prevents Pregnancy Prevents Pregnancy 100% of the time 85-98% of the time 92% -99%of the time Abstinence Latex Condoms Hormone Contraceptives When you do not engage in any sort of sexual activity at any time (ie. no contact between your genitals and any part of your partner’s body). Birth Control Pills Depo-Provera Hormonal Patch Vaginal Ring Hormone Implant IUD This is the only 100% effective way to ensure you do not become pregnant or contract a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Condoms are very good protection against HIV and reduces risk of other STIs NOT EFFECTIVE in preventing HIV or STIs Birth control choices Method Effective In Preventing Pregnancy Effectiveness In Preventing the Spread of HIV/STIs Sexual Abstinence 100% Most Effective non -Insertive Sexual Contact (Body Rubbing) Effective* May reduce risk of HIV/STI Intrauterine Device (IUD) 99%+ Not effective Hormonal Implant 99%+ Not effective Vaginal Ring 92-99%+ Not effective Depo-Provera 97-99%+ Not effective Hormonal Patch 92-99%+ Not effective Birth control choices Method Effective In Preventing Pregnancy Effectiveness In Preventing the Spread of HIV/STIs Birth Control Pills 92-99% Not effective Latex Condoms 85-98% Very good protection against HIV; reduces risk of other STIs Emergency Contraception 89-95% Not effective Diaphragm 84-94% Not effective Cervical Cap 71-86% Not effective Female (internal) Condom 79-95% Reduces the risk Spermicide (non-oxynol 9) 71-85% Not effective If pregnancy occurs... ▸ You do not need a prescription from a doctor to get a pregnancy test. ▸ Legally available options: Parenting Adoption Abortion Stay pregnant and parent the baby Stay pregnant and place the baby up for adoption Terminate the pregnancy Safe Surrender Law Safe Surrender Law Safe Surrender Law Safe Surrender Law Importance of Prenatal Care ▸ It is essential for pregnant women to employ healthy habits and seek prenatal care. ▸ This includes healthy eating, exercise, and consistent, ongoing doctor visits. ▸ This is not only essential for the baby, but for the mother as well. ▸ It is extremely important to see a doctor as soon as possible if pregnancy occurs. Protecting Your Sexual Health ➔ It is important to talk an adult you trust when you have questions about your sexual health. ➔ At any time, the school nurse is available to answer questions or provide guidance in finding resources that are available to help you. ➔ It is important not to hide issues you might be facing. Let adults help you and make sure you talk to someone! Exit Ticket (turn in to your teacher) Adolescence and puberty can be a confusing time. We are hoping we have helped clarify the changes that happen during this stage of life. 1) What is one thing you learned today (or was clarified for you)? 2) What is one thing you are still wondering about? We will try and answer the questions that are appropriate for this classroom setting tomorrow. Ovary High School Health Education Part 4: HIV, STI Classroom Norms Respect No put downs (making fun of people, teasing) It’s OK to blush (turn red) or be embarrassed (very normal) There are no dumb questions, but only appropriate questions will be answered. Responsibility Use the correct words as you learn them (no slang) Be sensitive to others feelings Act maturely (think before you act or say something) Responding to Your Exit Tickets from Day 3 Ovary Virus vs Bacteria Bacteria Living organism, unicellular (one cell) Size: 1000 nm Reproduces via fission (a form of asexual reproduction) Localized Usually treated with antibiotics In Latin, means “little sick” Viruses Both Can cause disease Spreads by coughing, sneezing, coming in contact with contaminated people or items Do not have a nucleus Possibility to be vaccinated Capable of killing humans and harming human health Not living, no cells Size: 20-400 nm Reproduces by invading a host cell, taking control, and copying the DNA/RNA, destroying the host cell Systemic Antibiotics will not affect the disease In Latin, means “poison” Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Pop Quiz! Complete the table below in a small group. Identify which of the following STI’s are Viruses and which are Bacteria. We will check your answers in 3 minutes. STI Gonorrhea Syphilis Chlamydia Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Hepatitis B Herpes Pubic Lice Virus Bacteria Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Answer Key STI Virus Bacteria X X X Gonorrhea Syphilis Chlamydia Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Hepatitis B Herpes Pubic Lice Why is this information important? X X X X Neither! It’s a parasite. HIV/AIDs HIV is a virus that gradually attacks the immune system, which is our body’s natural defence against illness. If a person becomes infected with HIV, they will find it harder to fight off infections and diseases. HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. If left untreated, it can take around 10 to 15 years for AIDS to develop, which is when HIV has severely damaged the immune system. Immune system Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) HIV medicines slow the progression of the virus in the body This therapy is called anti-retroviral therapy (ART) The annual number of deaths related to AIDS has dropped over the past two decades Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) is an emergency treatment that must be started within 72 hours after a recent possible exposure to HIV ART is a long term treatment that can keep an infected person healthy for many years, and greatly reduces their chance of transmitting HIV to their partner(s) if taken consistently and correctly Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, is a way for people who do not have HIV but who are at substantial risk of getting it to prevent HIV infection by taking a pill every day. When someone is exposed to HIV through sex or injection drug use, these medicines can work to keep the virus from establishing a permanent infection. Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) When taken consistently, PrEP has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV infection in people who are at high risk by up to 92%. But people who use PrEP must commit to taking the drug every day and seeing their health care provider for follow-up every 3 months. HIV transmission HIV transmission Card Activity (Part 1 of 6) Each of you will receive one card. Keep the special instructions on your cards a secret and follow the instructions. You will need a pen or pencil. Card Activity (Part 2 of 6) Activity Directions: ▸ Stand up, walk around, and shake hands with three people. Ask each to sign the back of your card. ▸ When you have collected three signatures, return to your seat. Card Activity (Part 3 of 6) ▸ If you are a letter o, z, or x, please stand up. ▸ If you shook hands with any of those people, stand up. ▸ If you shook hands with any of those people, stand up. ▸ If you shook hands with any of those people, stand up. Card Activity (Part 4 of 6) Pretend the person with the card mard z was infected with HIV, and shaking hands represents the different ways HIV is transmitted to three people whose signatures they collected. Pretend the person with the card mard o was infected with syphilis, and shaking hands represents the different ways syphilis is transmitted to three people whose signatures they collected. Pretend the person with the card mard x was infected with herpes, and shaking hands represents the different ways herpes is transmitted to three people whose signatures they collected. Card Activity (Part 5 of 6) Stand up if you are a letter c or a “do not follow my directions” person. These people were protected from STIs. What are some prevention methods they could have used? Reminder: This is only a game and they were only representing people who have STIs and STIs are not transmitted through handshaking. Card Activity (Part 6 of 6) People with x, o, and z cards didn’t know they were infected when we started this activity. In reality, many people don’t know they are infected with a sexually transmitted disease. What do you think: Is it possible to know ahead of time who is infected and who is not? Lesson Check-in... Answer with a thumbs up or thumbs down: True or False? The AIDS epidemic impacts men, women, and teens across all socioeconomic, racial and cultural backgrounds, regardless of sexual orientation. Lesson Check-in... Answer with a thumbs up or thumbs down: True or False? The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevents the body from being able to fight off infections. Lesson Check-in... Answer with a thumbs up or thumbs down: True or False? Body fluids which can spread HIV include blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and urine. Lesson Check-in... Answer with a thumbs up or thumbs down: True or False? HIV can be completely prevented through condom use. Lesson Check-in... Answer with a thumbs up or thumbs down: True or False? HIV and AIDS isn’t as much of a problem as it used to be. Lesson Check-in... Answer with a thumbs up or thumbs down: True or False? The goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is to extend the infected person’s life by keeping their HIV viral load low. Exit Ticket (turn in to your teacher) 1) What is one thing you learned today (or was clarified for you)? 2) What is one thing you are still wondering about? Ovary