Understanding The Self PDF - Western Mindanao State University

WMSU By Prof. Jennifer T. Composa (For instructional purposes only) WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Chapter 7. Learning Outcomes Explain the development of sex characteristics and the human reproductive system Explain sexual orientat...

WMSU By Prof. Jennifer T. Composa (For instructional purposes only) WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY Chapter 7. Learning Outcomes Explain the development of sex characteristics and the human reproductive system Explain sexual orientation Identify the causes and consequences of sexually transmitted infections and early pregnancy Reflect on the importance of contraception  Film clip entitled, “Dalagita ng Sapang Kawayan” (documentary by Kara David)will be viewed by the student Critique paper/ Ask students to write their insights about the film clip viewed. CHANGING BODIES U4U : session 1 BODY MAPPING for offline approach – Draw on a large sheet of paper a female body (for the all- female groups) or a male body (for the all-male groups). – Discuss the bodily changes group members have begun to experience. – Indicate those changes on the “body” it has drawn on the large sheet of paper. – Present its output (“body map”) in the big group. 10 minutes preparation 5 minutes presentation / group CHANGES THAT ARE THE SAME FOR BOYS AND GIRLS growing taller changing body shape feeling “moody” getting hair on arms and legs, under arms and in the pubic area (which starts out as fine hair then gets thicker and darker as you get older) sweating more (and becoming smellier) getting oilier skin and often some pimples having sexual feelings popcom.gov.ph/u4u-teen-trail-initiative CHANGES IN GIRLS Bodies become curvier and hip bones widen. Gaining extra weight, particularly on the hips, to achieve a “womanly” shape. This does not mean girls start a diet to lose weight. It is in fact unhealthy not put on some weight. Girls should continue to eat healthy foods and get regular exercise. Muscles get bigger and stronger, but they do not become as big as the boys' muscles. popcom.gov.ph/u4u-teen-trail-initiative CHANGES IN GIRLS Breasts start to develop. It begins with a small swelling under the nipples and then grows to become full breasts. Menstruation or period starts. May get some whitish and sticky fluid coming out of the vagina in between periods. This is nothing to worry. This only means the hormones are working well! popcom.gov.ph/u4u-teen-trail-initiative CHANGES IN BOYS Gaining extra weight. Shoulders get wider. Muscles start to get bigger and stronger. Getting an 'Adam's apple'. The larynx or voice box gets larger and sticks out at the front of the throat. Voice may seem to be all over the place, squeaky then deep or even sound like it is cracking. This is nothing to worry. When the larynx has finished growing, the voice will sound 'normal' again and probably a bit deeper than before. CHANGES IN BOYS Penis gets longer and wider. Testes (or testicles) get larger. Breasts look like they're growing a little. This is nothing to worry. It usually goes away by the end of puberty. Hair also grows on the face, like a beard. It is thin at first but gets stronger and darker towards the end of puberty. Getting erections. Sometimes they happen because of nervousness or excitement. At other times, they just happen. CHANGES IN BOYS They may be embarrassing but other people don't usually notice them. Not thinking about the erection or concentrating on something else like reciting the alphabet backwards, it will settle down. May have nocturnal emissions or “wet dreams” while sleeping. The “wet” stuff is semen and not because of bed wetting. It is also a normal part of growing up. popcom.gov.ph/u4u-teen-trail-initiative At puberty, sexual and reproductive organs begin to mature... Girls start to have menstruation or monthly period; breasts grow bigger; and hair grows under arms and on the pubic area. Boys begin to have erections and wet dreams; grow hair on the face, pubic area and other parts of the body; and voice begins to deepen. popcom.gov.ph/u4u-teen-trail-initiative  SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM U4U session 2 popcom.gov.ph/u4u-teen-trail-initiative Female Sexual and Reproductive Systems The sexual and reproductive systems share some but not all organs. The sexual system consists of those organs involved in sexual activity and pleasure, whereas the female reproductive system consists of those involved in pregnancy and birth. Female Sexual and Reproductive Systems 1. Clitoris 2. Labia Majora 3. Labia Minora 4. Vagina  Clitoris (#1 in diagram) is a small organ, shaped like a flower bud with a bit of tissue forming a small “hood.” The only function of the clitoris is to give girls and women sexual pleasure; it contains a rich network of nerve endings for sensation. During sexual arousal and during orgasm, the clitoris (and the genitalia in general) engorge and fill with blood, causing the clitoris to become erect. Women may feel vaginal contractions during orgasm.  The labia majora or outer lips (#3) cover and protect the vaginal opening. The labia minora or inner lips (#2) also swell during sexual arousal. The vagina (#4) is an elastic canal, leading from the vulva to the cervix and uterus. When a woman is sexually aroused, it produces lubrication. It has few nerve endings and is therefore not highly sensitive. In vaginal intercourse, it is where the male inserts his penis.  The hymen (not shown) is a thin membrane that may stretch across part of the vaginal opening. The hymen can be easily torn during sports or other physical activity and can be stretched open if a girl uses tampons. Therefore, a torn or stretched hymen does not indicate that a girl or woman has engaged in sexual intercourse. Female Sexual and Reproductive Systems 4. Vagina 5. Cervix 6. Uterus 7. Fallopian Tubes 8. Ovaries Female Sexual and Reproductive Systems The cervix (#5) is the lower part of the uterus that extends into the top of the vagina. An opening in the cervix, called the os, connects the vagina and uterus. Menstrual blood passes out of the uterus through the os; and semen passes through it to the uterus. The cervix produces a secretion (cervical mucus) that aids sperm in entering the uterus. The cervical mucus changes during the menstrual cycle; women can learn to identify the fertile period according to the characteristics of the mucus. During childbirth, the cervix stretches, allowing the baby to pass through. Female Sexual and Reproductive Systems The uterus (#6) is a hollow, muscular organ that rests above the bladder. It is shaped like an upside-down pear. Its lining (called the endometrium) thickens with blood and tissue during the first part of the ovulation–menstrual cycle. If no embryo implants itself, the lining breaks down, becoming the menstrual flow. If an embryo implants itself, a fetus develops in the uterus. The fallopian tubes (#7) are two narrow, 4-to-5-inch- long tubes through which the egg travels from the ovary to the uterus and in which the egg may be fertilized. Female Sexual and Reproductive Systems The ovaries (#8), two organs, each the size of an almond or a grape, store the immature eggs in follicles, produce and secrete female hormones (estrogen and progesterone), and produce and release mature eggs.  Male Sexual and Reproductive Systems The sexual and reproductive systems share some, but not all organs. The sexual system consists of those organs involved in sexual activity and pleasure. In males the reproductive system includes those organs that produce, store, or transport sperm for reproduction. Male Sexual and Reproductive Systems  Male Sexual and Reproductive Systems The penis (#1) has several functions. It is involved in sexual feeling; in this function it corresponds to the clitoris in the female. The penis may fill with blood and become hard and erect in response to sexual stimulation. The reproductive function of the penis is to deliver semen into the vagina. The third function is the excretion of urine (see urethra below). The end of the penis is covered by a layer of skin called the foreskin. In many population groups, the foreskin is removed through a procedure called male circumcision.  Male Sexual and Reproductive Systems The testicles (or testes) (#2), two ball-shaped glands inside the scrotum, produce sperm and the male hormone testosterone. The scrotum and testes are sensitive to touch and can be a source of pleasure. The scrotum (#3), a loose bag of skin, holds and protects the testicles. When cold, it is pulled up tight toward the body to keep the testicles at the right temperature to produce sperm.  Male Sexual and Reproductive Systems The urethra (#4) is a tube that runs from the bladder through the penis. The urethra is the passageway through which semen (a mixture of seminal fluid, prostatic fluid, and sperm) travels out of the body during ejaculation; urine also passes out of the body through the urethra. A valve at the bottom of the bladder closes when the penis is erect to prevent urination during ejaculation. Male Sexual and Reproductive Systems The urethra (#4) is a tube that runs from the bladder through the penis. The urethra is the passageway through which semen (a mixture of seminal fluid, prostatic fluid, and sperm) travels out of the body during ejaculation; urine also passes out of the body through the urethra. A valve at the bottom of the bladder closes when the penis is erect to prevent urination during ejaculation. Male Sexual and Reproductive Systems The urethra (#4) is a tube that runs from the bladder through the penis. The urethra is the passageway through which semen (a mixture of seminal fluid, prostatic fluid, and sperm) travels out of the body during ejaculation; urine also passes out of the body through the urethra. A valve at the bottom of the bladder closes when the penis is erect to prevent urination during ejaculation. Male Sexual and Reproductive Systems The epididymis (not numbered, but visible) is a highly coiled tube that sits on top of each testis and stores sperm as they mature until they are ejaculated. The vas deferens (#5) are two long thin tubes that carry the sperm toward the urethra. They contract during ejaculation. The prostate gland (#6) produces a fluid that makes up part of semen and helps sperm to move. Many men find stimulation of the prostate to be sexually pleasurable. Male Sexual and Reproductive Systems The seminal vesicles (#7) produce much of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen. This fluid nourishes the sperm. The Cowper’s glands (not shown) produce a thick alkaline fluid, called pre-ejaculate, that neutralizes the acid in the urethra before ejaculation. https://lonerwolf.com/different-types-of-love/ What is love? a profoundly tender, passionate affection for another person. personhttps://www.dictionary.com/browse/love  Chemicals That Make You Feel Love According to Dr. Helen Fisher, a researcher at Rutgers University, chemistry and love are inextricable. She's not speaking, though, of the "chemistry" that makes two people compatible. Instead, she's speaking of the chemicals that are released into our bodies as we experience lust, attraction, and attachment. Anne Marie Helmenstine https://www.thoughtco.com/anne-marie-helmenstine- ph-d-601916 The 3 stages of love Teenage pregnancy Pregnancy by a female, age 13 to 19, which is understood to occur in a girl who hasn’t completed her core education—secondary school—has few or no marketable skills, is financially dependent upon her parents and/or continues to live at home and is mentally immature Segen's Medical Dictionary. © 2012 Farlex, Inc. All rights reserved.  Teenage pregnancy is the condition of being pregnant of adolescence aged 10 to 19. Those who are affected are the girl herself up to the national society. The victims of teenage pregnancy are the girl herself, her child, her parents and relatives and the national society as a whole. It will also probably make her economically vulnerable. 1. Philippines 6. Brunai 2. Indonesia 7. Myanmar 3. Combodia 8. Malaysia 4. Thailand 9. Singapore 5. Vietnam 10. Laos United Nation Population Funds 2011  The Philippines has highest teenage pregnancy rate in Southeast Asia According to Timothy Walker - July 8, 2016 The Philippines has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates throughout Southeast Asia, a new study has revealed. The United Nations Population Fund said that the ‘only’ Asia- Pacific country which has a sharp rise in teenage pregnancy over the last two decades is the Philippines. https://philippineslifestyle.com/philippi nes-teenage-pregnancy  The immature and irresponsible behavior arising due to complex teenage psychology is another important cause of teenage pregnancies. Teenagers often go through a number of emotions because of their own transition from childhood and peer pressure.  Lack of sexual education causes teens to get abortions as they ultimately realize their inability to bear the responsibilities of being a parent at such a young age.  Overprotection gives rise to frustration and a feeling of not being loved and cared for. Lack of affectionate supervision of parents or guardians results into the adolescents or teenage girl’s becoming pregnant. CONSEQUENCES OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN SOCIETY  a) It is continually increasing the population growth rate in the society b) The issue encourages dropping out from schools. Many pregnant female children end up dropping out from school to avoid shame thus undermining government's efforts towards ensuring Education for All and the  c) Due to poverty, many of those involved in teenage pregnancy die off prematurely because of lack of proper medical attention. children born to teenage mothers have an effect on society as well. These babies are more likely to rely on public health care throughout their lives and because they also , this places a higher burden on the health system. HUMAN SEXUALITY What is Sex The anatomical, physical, and genetic characteristics associated with being male or female It is constant across time and across culture Female Male What is gender identity? A person’s internal sense of being male, female, or something else. What is gender expression? The way a person communicates gender identity to others through behavior, clothing, hairstyles, voice, or body characteristics What is sexual orientation? An enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes. Changes along a continuum, from exclusive attraction to the other sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex  These are not necessary linked with one another Relationship of sex and gender Differentiating sex and gender SEX GENDER Biological Fact Socially and culturally constructed Natural attribute that a Created, produced, person is born with reproduced and maintained by social institutions Natural. Born. Fixed. Aquired/learned. Can be unlearned. Sex characteristics are Gender characteristics are universal not universal. It may differ from society to society. Differentiating sex and gender SEX GENDER Sex characteristics are Gender characteristics are equally valued and equally marked by inequality important Uses terms like male and Uses terms like masculine female and feminine Fixed Sex roles can be Interchangeable. Gender performed by only the male roles can be performed by or the female both sexes Regardless of time place Time and place-bound Sex roles Male Female Ovum fertilization Gestation Sperm determines sex Child bearing of the child (X and Y Lactation Chromosomes) Sex Roles Sex roles function - role which male or fmale assumes because of basic physiological or anatomical differences - lifting heavy thhings (Hard working) - child bearing ; child rearing - belief i biological sex as the necessary and sole cause of behavioral differences in gender roles Sex Role Stereotypes A person/things seeing to conform to heavily accepted types, it is rigidly held and overly simplified beliefs that females/males possess distinct and similar psychologicl traits and characteristics as in: - emotional, dependent, gentle, tactful, etc. - strong, aggressive, independent, etc. https://www.bing.com/search?q=image+of+Sexually+transmitted+desease&go=Search&q s=ds&form  HIV crisis in the Philippines The Philippines is facing the fastest growing HIV epidemic in the western Pacific, with a 174% increase in HIV incidence between 2010 and 2017. There were 1047 new cases in August, 2018, alone. Although national HIV prevalence remains below 0·1%, men having sex with men are disproportionately affected, accounting for 84% of all new infections  SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections passed primarily by sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, and anal intercourse. There are three types of STI – Bacterial – Viral – Parasitic SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS Bacterial Vaginitis, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Viral Genital Herpes, Human Papillomavirus (HPV) or Genital Warts, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency, Virus (HIV) / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Parasitic Trichomonas  SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS STIs can be transmitted by skin-to-skin contact. Some are transmitted through the exchange of bodily fluids. Some can be passed to a baby before it is born, during childbirth, or via breastfeeding.  HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks and breaks down a person’s immune system. When the immune system becomes weak from HIV, the body can no longer fight off illness and may develop serious, often life-threatening, infections and cancers. This condition is known as AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). People with HIV may also be diagnosed with AIDS if their blood tests show that their cells that fight diseases have fallen below a certain number. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) HIV CAN be transmitted through: 1. Blood 2. Sexual fluids 3. Breast milk HIV CANNOT be transmitted through: 1. Saliva 4. Tears 2. Mucus 5. Body waste 3. Sweat HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) NO CURE SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS A– Abstinence B– Be faithful C– Control D– Don’t use drugs, don’t drink alcohol, and E- Educate yourself Video presentation: (Critique Paper) SESSION 5 - STI HIV AIDS VIDEO 2.0.mp4 The Science of HIV_AIDS.mp4 APPLICATION Individually Make an action plan on how you as a youth can avoid/overcome sexually transmitted infections and/or AIDS. (Cite concrete ways on how you can get rid of them). LESSON LEARNED THINK TWICE, BE WISE. You should know how to DELAY GRATIFICATION.  Family Planning Methods A way of thinking and living that is adopted voluntarily upon the basis of knowledge, attitudes andresponsible decisions by individuals and couples, in order to promote the health and welfare of the family group and thus contribute effectively to the social development of a country, planning intended to determine the number and spacing of one's children through birth control https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/family%20planning  long-acting reversible contraception, such as the implant or intra uterine device (IUD) hormonal contraception, such the pill or the Depo Provera injection barrier methods, such as condoms emergency contraception fertility awareness permanent contraception, such as vasectomy and tubal ligation. Ref A: A364BB27F5C24D1D9C26C6A7F9A5DE6D Ref B: MNL30EDGE0209 Ref C: 2020-08-05T08:57:46Z Criteria For Ideal Contraceptive It should be safe for use means free from any kind of side effects It should be reliable It should be easy to administer It should be cost effective It should be cu;turally feasible and accepted https://www.slideshare.net/HariOMMehta2/family-planning-method https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=43Ut9D8Q&id=AA9E6FEAE51F9F19 suggested reading materials Department of Health (2014). The Philippine Clinical Standards Manual on Family Planning. FPCSM_2014.pdf  References Go-Monilla, Ma. Joycelyn and Ramirez, Normaliza (2018) Understanding The Self. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eEp8PvLRsXo https://www.thoughtco.com/anne-marie-helmenstine-ph-d-601916 popcom.gov.ph/u4u-teen-trail-initiative-anong-bakas-ang-iyong-iiwan https://lonerwolf.com/different-types-of-love/ https://www.slideshare.net/MrP26/basic-gender-sensitivity-training Department of Health (2014). The Philippine Clinical Standards Manual on Family Planning https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/family%20planning McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc https://www.slideshare.net/HariOMMehta2/family-planning-method Segen's Medical Dictionary. © 2012 Farlex, Inc. United Nation Population Funds 2011 https://www.bing.com/search?q=image+of+Sexually+transmitted+desease&go=Search&qs= ds&form https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30265-2 Ref A: A364BB27F5C24D1D9C26C6A7F9A5DE6D Ref B: MNL30EDGE0209 Ref C: 2020- 08-05T08:57:46Z Department of Health (2014). The Philippine Clinical Standards Manual on Family Planning. PCW ppt slides